Endmyopia Wiki - User contributions [en]

User:Angel

2023-05-12T18:05:56Z

Angel: Replaced content with "==Guides and notes== * [https://losetheglasses.org/cliffgnu-vision.pdf The No Bulls#*t <nowiki>[oversimplified]</nowiki> Guide to Vision Improvement] by C. G. Hayes * [h..."

User:Angel

2023-04-22T16:15:57Z

Angel:

==Guides and notes==

* [https://losetheglasses.org/cliffgnu-vision.pdf The No Bulls#*t <nowiki>[oversimplified]</nowiki> Guide to Vision Improvement] by C. G. Hayes

* [https://www.visionsofjoy.org/pdfs/OrfieldSeeingSpace.pdf Seeing Space: Undergoing Brain Reprogramming to Reduce Myopia] by Antonia Marie Orfield (1994); [https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/bostonglobe/name/antonia-orfield-obituary?id=24225499 Author's obituary]

* "the actual sustained improvement happens after, when that improvement appears consistent. Leave 3-4 months between diopter reductions, even (and especially if) things seem improved and consistent even after a much shorter time span." second-hand quote from jake

==Anticipated Glasses Future==

===Next glasses ===

====closeup/differential glasses====
OD - Right (SPH) -3.00 (CYL) -1.25 Axis 170
OS - Left (SPH) -2.75 (CYL) -1.50 Axis 177

==My Glasses History==

I figured I should track this somewhere and maybe someday I will make enough progress that this level of detail will be interesting to someone besides me. Or maybe just knowing my context is useful. Also adding other non-glasses stuff that could be relevant.
===April 2023===

====normal glasses - brown frames====

OD - Right (SPH) -4.50 (CYL) -1.25 Axis 170

OS - Left (SPH) -4.25 (CYL) -1.50 Axis 177

===March 2023===
====Prescription====
"You have excellent focus for someone your age." No cataracts or glaucoma. Dry eyes. Eat walnuts (or other omegas), eat more fiber, drink more water. (Or get Blink Tears or Systane Ultra but don't touch anything that claims to get rid of red eyes.)

:Right/OD: -4.50 sphere, -1.25 cylinder, 170 axis
:Left/OS: -4.00 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 177 axis
I answered one way for one eye, and the other way for the other eye. The eye doctor wasn't thorough and didn't double-check. So I feel ok about altering the prescription slightly for consistency (as reflected in my next pair of normal glasses).

===January or February 2023===

Mouse broke. Back to wearing close-up/differential glasses and just using the laptop without an external monitor.

===October 7, 2022===

====[https://wiki.endmyopia.org/wiki/Differentials Close-ups] - gold frames====

Had some icecream last night and chocolate this morning and was crying. My vision is typically worse in the morning and if I've had refined sugar. So I figured this was a good conservative time to test my vision. Tested. It is time. Now using for close-up glasses:

OD/Right: -3.00 sphere, -1.50 cylinder, 171 axis

OS/Left: -2.75 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

===July2022===

====Bike trip ends====

Using borrowed tv screen as monitor. Quit all refined sugar again.

====Bike trip review====

Didn't make any changes while bicycling. Rode my bike a bunch, used the laptop a bunch. Got a bit of a tan. Ate a TON of junk food. ALLLlll the sugary things. Traveled maybe 2,000 miles.

===March 2022===

====Bicycle trip starts====

This is when I left on a bicycle trip. I'm getting lots of sunshine and outdoor time. This is a dramatic change from my winter habits this year, so I won't make any changes to my glasses at this time.

Abandoned keyboard and mouse, no room to pack 'em.
===January 26, 2022===

====Found a free keyboard and mouse.====

Now I can get my laptop further away from my lap. Only problem is, I just switched to new normalized glasses a few days ago! So I am concerned about effectively changing two focal planes at once. Oh well. Will try to be conservative about where I set my computer, while still getting in the habit of using the keyboard and mouse.

In short, I have to be cautious about not effectively changing two focal planes at once.
===January 22, 2022===
====normal glasses - black frames====
OD/right: -4.25 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 171 axis

OS/left: -4 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

=== November 7, 2021===
====Normal glasses====

Couldn't find my original prescription when I wanted to change glasses from my close-ups (differentials) so I decided it was time to switch to my first normalized glasses. It feels like it has been about a month. I also received my over-the-glasses sunglasses yesterday!

:OD/Right -4.50 sphere, -1.50 cylinder, 171 axis

:OS/Left -4.25 sphere,-1.75 cylinder, 176 axis
Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index
===Mid-October 2021===
====[https://wiki.endmyopia.org/wiki/Differentials Close-ups] - blue frames====
:OD/Right: -3.25 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 171 axis

:OS/Left: -3 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

:Zenni frame 411516 because it's got half a dozen colors so I can keep track of new glasses easier, and it's the cheapest metal frames they sell. These frames are blue.
Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

===Mid-September 2021===

====End Myopia discovery====
: Found endmyopia.org somewhere. I had been looking for wrap-around sunglasses that would work with my prescription, which was apparently not in "cheap sunglasses on Zenni" territory.

====Eating more fiber====
: Figured out I can get most of my vitamins and minerals from 2 cups cooked greens and a can of beans every day. My fiber intake just went up dramatically and permanently.

===July 2021===
====Prescription====
:Right: -4.75 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 171 axis

:Left: -4.5 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

===January(ish) 2020===

====Checkup====
:Talked optometrist into just checking eye health. Eye health was fine.
===June 2019===

====Quit refined sugar====

:Did someone refine the fiber out? I won't eat it. Juice? Unacceptable. Honey? Refined by bees. Maple syrup? Sure, if I'm gnawing on a maple tree. Cane sugar? Sure, if I'm eating the cane alone with it. And so forth.

:NOTE: This took me 20 years of effort before it finally stuck. If at first you don't succeed, try, try, and try again. I get refined sugar on my birthdays.

===July 2018===
====Prescription====
:OD: -5 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 175 axis

:OS: -4.5 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 175 axis
1.61 Blokz Photochromic - Gray

===May 2011===

====Prescription====
:OD: -5 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 168 axis

:OS: -4.5 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 175 axis
===Early 1990s===

Kept forgetting my glasses at home and not being able to see the blackboard clearly from the first row. Annoyed teacher told me I needed to start remembering to bring my glasses. This is when I started wearing glasses full time.

===Late 1980s===

'''I was warned.''' When I was given my first pair of glasses, I was told, repeatedly, ''don't wear these glasses when you don't need them.'' I was living in England at the time. Not sure if it was an English doctor or a US military doctor. In my medical records, my early glasses are "for distance only".

==Why I'm here==
At this point, just habit. Also people with low-to-no myopia are less prone to retinal detachment. Eye problems run in my family. I figure I should do what I can to keep my eyesight in working order.

Things I'd like to be able to see clearly without glasses again:
* the stars

* my toes

==My friends on the Wiki (add yourself!)==

[[User:Kg6gfq|Kg6gfq]]

==Leave a message ==
You won't find me on the EndMyopia forum. But you can leave me an eyeballs-related message here!

Glad you had a good trip! -snax 8/1/22

User:Angel

2023-03-21T04:10:43Z

Angel:

==Guides and notes==

* [https://losetheglasses.org/cliffgnu-vision.pdf The No Bulls#*t <nowiki>[oversimplified]</nowiki> Guide to Vision Improvement] by C. G. Hayes

* [https://www.visionsofjoy.org/pdfs/OrfieldSeeingSpace.pdf Seeing Space: Undergoing Brain Reprogramming to Reduce Myopia] by Antonia Marie Orfield (1994); [https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/bostonglobe/name/antonia-orfield-obituary?id=24225499 Author's obituary]

* "the actual sustained improvement happens after, when that improvement appears consistent. Leave 3-4 months between diopter reductions, even (and especially if) things seem improved and consistent even after a much shorter time span." second-hand quote from jake

==Anticipated Glasses Future==

===Next glasses ===

====I was expecting to use these glasses in brown frames as my next pair of normal glasses====

OD/Right: -4.00 sphere, -1.50 cylinder, 171 axis

OS/Left: -3.75 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

====closeup/differential glasses====
???

==My Glasses History==

I figured I should track this somewhere and maybe someday I will make enough progress that this level of detail will be interesting to someone besides me. Or maybe just knowing my context is useful. Also adding other non-glasses stuff that could be relevant.

===March 2023===
====Prescription====
"You have excellent focus for someone your age." No cataracts or glaucoma. Dry eyes. Eat walnuts (or other omegas), eat more fiber, drink more water. (Or get Blink Tears or Systane Ultra but don't touch anything that claims to get rid of red eyes.)

:Right/OD: -4.50 sphere, -1.25 cylinder, 170 axis
:Left/OS: -4.00 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 177 axis

===January or February 2023===

Mouse broke. Back to wearing close-up/differential glasses and just using the laptop without an external monitor.

===October 7, 2022===

====[https://wiki.endmyopia.org/wiki/Differentials Close-ups] - gold frames====

Had some icecream last night and chocolate this morning and was crying. My vision is typically worse in the morning and if I've had refined sugar. So I figured this was a good conservative time to test my vision. Tested. It is time. Now using for close-up glasses:

OD/Right: -3.00 sphere, -1.50 cylinder, 171 axis

OS/Left: -2.75 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

===July2022===

====Bike trip ends====

Using borrowed tv screen as monitor. Quit all refined sugar again.

====Bike trip review====

Didn't make any changes while bicycling. Rode my bike a bunch, used the laptop a bunch. Got a bit of a tan. Ate a TON of junk food. ALLLlll the sugary things. Traveled maybe 2,000 miles.

===March 2022===

====Bicycle trip starts====

This is when I left on a bicycle trip. I'm getting lots of sunshine and outdoor time. This is a dramatic change from my winter habits this year, so I won't make any changes to my glasses at this time.

Abandoned keyboard and mouse, no room to pack 'em.
===January 26, 2022===

====Found a free keyboard and mouse.====

Now I can get my laptop further away from my lap. Only problem is, I just switched to new normalized glasses a few days ago! So I am concerned about effectively changing two focal planes at once. Oh well. Will try to be conservative about where I set my computer, while still getting in the habit of using the keyboard and mouse.

In short, I have to be cautious about not effectively changing two focal planes at once.
===January 22, 2022===
====normal glasses - black frames====
OD/right: -4.25 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 171 axis

OS/left: -4 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

=== November 7, 2021===
====Normal glasses====

Couldn't find my original prescription when I wanted to change glasses from my close-ups (differentials) so I decided it was time to switch to my first normalized glasses. It feels like it has been about a month. I also received my over-the-glasses sunglasses yesterday!

:OD/Right -4.50 sphere, -1.50 cylinder, 171 axis

:OS/Left -4.25 sphere,-1.75 cylinder, 176 axis
Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index
===Mid-October 2021===
====[https://wiki.endmyopia.org/wiki/Differentials Close-ups] - blue frames====
:OD/Right: -3.25 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 171 axis

:OS/Left: -3 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

:Zenni frame 411516 because it's got half a dozen colors so I can keep track of new glasses easier, and it's the cheapest metal frames they sell. These frames are blue.
Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

===Mid-September 2021===

====End Myopia discovery====
: Found endmyopia.org somewhere. I had been looking for wrap-around sunglasses that would work with my prescription, which was apparently not in "cheap sunglasses on Zenni" territory.

====Eating more fiber====
: Figured out I can get most of my vitamins and minerals from 2 cups cooked greens and a can of beans every day. My fiber intake just went up dramatically and permanently.

===July 2021===
====Prescription====
:Right: -4.75 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 171 axis

:Left: -4.5 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

===January(ish) 2020===

====Checkup====
:Talked optometrist into just checking eye health. Eye health was fine.
===June 2019===

====Quit refined sugar====

:Did someone refine the fiber out? I won't eat it. Juice? Unacceptable. Honey? Refined by bees. Maple syrup? Sure, if I'm gnawing on a maple tree. Cane sugar? Sure, if I'm eating the cane alone with it. And so forth.

:NOTE: This took me 20 years of effort before it finally stuck. If at first you don't succeed, try, try, and try again. I get refined sugar on my birthdays.

===July 2018===
====Prescription====
:OD: -5 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 175 axis

:OS: -4.5 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 175 axis
1.61 Blokz Photochromic - Gray

===May 2011===

====Prescription====
:OD: -5 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 168 axis

:OS: -4.5 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 175 axis
===Early 1990s===

Kept forgetting my glasses at home and not being able to see the blackboard clearly from the first row. Annoyed teacher told me I needed to start remembering to bring my glasses. This is when I started wearing glasses full time.

===Late 1980s===

'''I was warned.''' When I was given my first pair of glasses, I was told, repeatedly, ''don't wear these glasses when you don't need them.'' I was living in England at the time. Not sure if it was an English doctor or a US military doctor. In my medical records, my early glasses are "for distance only".

==Why I'm here==
At this point, just habit. Also people with low-to-no myopia are less prone to retinal detachment. Eye problems run in my family. I figure I should do what I can to keep my eyesight in working order.

Things I'd like to be able to see clearly without glasses again:
* the stars

* my toes

==My friends on the Wiki (add yourself!)==

[[User:Kg6gfq|Kg6gfq]]

==Leave a message ==
You won't find me on the EndMyopia forum. But you can leave me an eyeballs-related message here!

Glad you had a good trip! -snax 8/1/22

Frequently Asked Questions/Skepticism

2023-03-13T22:28:22Z

Angel: /* Are the bad reviews being hidden? */

{{FAQ boxes}}''''
{{clear}}
==Is EndMyopia a money making scheme?==
EndMyopia is not a money making scheme, despite what a lot of people seem to think. The way EndMyopia goes about vision improvement money making is pretty terrible, if that's what we're talking about. Expenditure is relatively high and is a net loss for Jake, as we try to get the word out there. [[BackTo20/20]] exists in part just to fund the high costs of keeping everything running.

If EndMyopia wanted to make more money, the way we preach that results are slow and take a long time should be the first to go - we should tell everyone they'll get '''FAST''' results. Also, no information for free, no free wiki or YouTube tutorials, just "trust me!" and big "Buy Now" button. This isn't the case, because EndMyopia is not a money making scheme. This entire wiki was created from the ground up by non-paid volunteers, and Jake <s>rarely if ever edits</s> [[User:Imperial-beard|doesn't edit]]. That amount of dedication is hard to come by for free on the internet, for something that doesn't work.

But hey - [[Bates method]] guys are pretty dedicated too. What do we know? 🤔

[https://endmyopia.org/is-endmyopia-all-about-making-money/ See this blog post for information about why, paid stuff might not be all that bad]
==Does Jake invest in lens manufacturing companies?==

[https://endmyopia.org/about-us/ Yes.]

==Are the bad reviews being hidden?==
The [https://uk.trustpilot.com/review/endmyopia.org TrustPilot page] is pretty impressive with mostly positive feedback.

Blog post: [https://endmyopia.org/endmyopia-bad-reviews/ Endmyopia: All The Bad Reviews O_0]

Here's [https://www.cityheadshots.com/advice-blog/how-plus-lens-therapy-almost-made-me-blind a bad review of plus lens therapy]

There's people who did EM and also regressed.

==Is it really possible to fix myopia?==
If you listen to us, the answer is an '''unequivocal yes'''. In the vast majority of cases, [[myopia]] is a completely reversible condition of the eye. Myopia is [[lens-induced myopia|lens-induced]] in most cases as a result of questionable optometry practices. Ever question how it's predicted half of the human population will have a severe defect (myopia) in their most important sensory organ by 2050? ''Surely it can't all be genetic...''

With that said, we recommend you do thorough research on topics around vision improvement and come to your own conclusion about whether this is all legitimate or not.
==Lowering diopters doesn’t improve eyesight?==
[https://endmyopia.org/success/ Tell that to the hundreds of people who have confirmed results with EndMyopia], the endless emails [[Jake]] receives in his inbox on a daily basis (had to hire an email manager to go through them all), and the growing number of [[List:YouTubers|YouTube channels]] with testimonials backing up what we say here.

But you're right, this is probably all some scam. A scam where we don't actually try too hard to sell you anything 🤔
==Are the EndMyopia testimonials fake?==
That's an inordinate amount of money to pay to fake that many reviews. Also add in the cost of 17,000 Facebook members (all of which ''must'' be bots), it's just an inordinate sum. '''How much money do you really think this all makes?''' Certainly not enough to purchase all of those fake reviews we're afraid 😁
==Is this based on clinical science?==
Yes. See [[clinical science]].

==Is this pseudoscience?==

Yes. Much of EndMyopia theory is based on clinical science, but the details of Jake's research on his clients are not publicly shared or published. Jake will be the first to tell you he's not an eye doctor.<ref>https://endmyopia.org/quantifying-natural-myopia-reversal-logging-tool-update/</ref>

==Is axial elongation of the eye reversible?==
* Blog post: [https://endmyopia.org/eyes-in-various-species-can-shorten-to-compensate-for-myopic-defocus/ Eyes in Various Species Can Shorten to Compensate for Myopic Defocus]

==What do doctors think about myopia reversal?==
[https://endmyopia.org/endmyopia-friendly-optometrists/ Some optometrists are very supportive]. [https://www.reddit.com/r/glasses/ Others] are [https://www.quora.com/Is-endmymyopia-orgs-information-true-Can-myopia-really-be-reversible/answer/Por-Yong-Ming?ch=15&oid=249656063&share=a3a5dd74&srid=kGuQA&target_type=answer&fbclid=IwAR2757OkDXD8mHyd2a7Thcv_1-9WUIKs1ORyESfe6CfCYvfn1XFjiP04Kqs not so much].

{{Jake says|Natural myopia control is still very much on the experimental side of things.

Nonetheless, there are lot of licensed professionals interested in more holistic ways of dealing with myopia, than endless lens prescriptions, invasive and dangerous laser surgeries, or poisonous substances (atropine, etc).

You can find a behavioural optometrist who is likely interested in alternatives to above.

There are also individuals like Despina, our own contributing licensed optometrist, who find natural myopia control to be an effective tool to protect their eyesight (of course nothing here on the site is licensed or medical advice, or officially endorsed by the mainstream).

We also get quite a few doctors and health care professionals interested in our method. Take a look here: https://endmyopia.org/the-word-is-getting-out/}}
[[Dr._Carr|Dr. Carr]] thinks the way EndMyopia works is actually that we're flattening our lenses. There is apparently a forum conversation with Dr. Carr if you have access to the forum.

==How would I recognise an eyesight scam?==Reddit: [https://www.reddit.com/r/myopia/comments/fg05t8/is_endmyopia_a_scam/ Is endmyopia a scam?]

A massive '''"BUY NOW"''' button is always something to be concerned about. We're very clear about the fact you do not need to purchase anything from us to improve your eyesight.
Anything that preaches [[eye exercises]] and feel good stuff like [[healing crystals]] is also not going to improve your eyesight, but it will make the person who buys these things ''feel'' as if they are improving their eyesight.
{{jake says|First, you want to make a finer distinction, between the well-intentioned by nonetheless worthless content online, and genuinely willful scams.

The well-intentioned usually fall into the Bates method category. Bates was an early 20th century practitioner who found a workable solution to deal with pseudo myopia. Unfortunately most myopia today is of the lens-induced, progressive sort, so Bates practices don’t apply. Sites that promote Bates usually don’t have the training or education to fully understand the underlying biology that they are trying to repair. Because of that, while often well-intentioned, these types of approaches tend to fail for most people.

Well-intentioned sites are often not easy to assess, since they can have a loyal following and strong supporters. The best way to tell is to understand the basic premises of myopia yourself (the two stages, ciliary vs lens-induced, strain, axial elongation, etc). With that, you can look at their premise and get an idea of whether a) they know what they are talking about and b) whether their method deals with real causes in a meaningful way.

Does it sound hoakey? Are words like “eye exercises” and “palming” used? Do they advocate eye vitamins, use a bunch of pseudo science terminology?

Then it’s probably not going to do anything for you.

Scams are much easier to tell. Here is what you want to be looking for:

#Does the site have a slick sales letter? If you are scrolling and scrolling through testimonials and promises and “but wait there is more”, and “special promo pricing”, then it’s almost certainly going to be a scam. How many legitimate services use a sales letter? None. Click out of those things.
#E-mail collectors. If the first thing you see is a pitch to get your e-mail, it’s going to be a scam.
#Appealing to your inner greed. If the pitch sounds like something you really wish to be true (because it sounds so quick and easy), then it’s probably a scam. “Fix your eyes in your sleep”, or “the #1 secret to better eyes”, or “fix your eyes in 30 days”, that’s always, forever going to be a scam.
#Eye vitamins. If you see the words “eye” and “vitamins” anywhere in the same paragraph, click away. It’s a scam.
#Mailing you products. There is zero need for a product. Usually the product is tied to some complicated return policy and refund policy. You need to return the product to get a refund, and they count on you not doing that. If there’ s a product involved, it’s probably a scam.
#No community. If there is no way to tell on the site that the creators are active and participating in the dialog, if you can’t tell what customers are saying, if everything is shrouded in mystery and sales, you know what … it’s probably a scam.
#The biggest scam of all – doctor promoted products. Ortho-k and the whole ilk. Yes, they work (sort of, temporarily) and yes, they are promoted by a large network of real ophthalmologists. Again though, you are being sold a product, and it doesn’t in any way address the root cause of myopia. It’s legit but it’s still a scam.
#The payment method. This is a bit of an insider trick. Payment processors that accept shady businesses (adult entertainment, internet pharmacies, etc), are hard to get your money back from. If they payment processor isn’t clear, avoid the site. If it is, Google it. If they advertise “high risk payment processing”, run. Those outfits you’ll never get your money back from.

Instead, look for legit payment processor. As much as Paypal isn’t so amazing in many ways, it’s a good payment processor If you complain to Paypal, you get a refund. If you complain to American Express, you get a refund. If you complain to Square, you get a refund. If you complain to some shady payment processor, you’ll possibly get nothing.

Let us know when you find scams. We’ll make an effort to put together a scam-directory of sorts, at some point. Scams hurt everybody, not least of all the guys who legitimately want to help you recover your eyesight.}}

==Is EndMyopia a cult?==

Let's take a look!

The first search result for "What is a cult?" returns this link: https://study.com/learn/lesson/cult-characteristics-types-behavior.html . For details on the below bullet points, visit that link and/or some other one from your own search results.
'''✔''' A charismatic leader

'''X''' Ideological purity > doing your own research and reaching your own conclusions is encouraged

'''X''' Conformity and control

'''✔''' Mind-altering practices > [[Active_Focus]]

'''X''' Isolation and love-bombing

'''✔''' Us-vs-them mentality

'''X''' Apocalyptic thinking - however, people with higher myopia are more prone to eye health issues such as retinal detachment

'''✔''' Time and energy - Want to learn how to reverse your myopia? Close work is bad for your eyes! Now spend many hours learning more!

From the article:

* "''Cults often isolate their members from friends and family on the outside, punish doubts or questions, and require inordinate sacrifices and money from followers''" - '''Share what you're learning with your friends and family. Ask questions. Do your own research. Keep getting regular eye health checkups.'''

* "''a cult is a group of people who fanatically follow one person or belief system while also engaging in a number of dangerous practices.''" '''In conclusion''', EndMyopia has a lot of the traits of a cult, but unless you think this is dangerous, it's probably not a cult. Or if it is, it's probably harmless so whatever.
'''[https://nothorses.tumblr.com/post/646493048871763968/just-a-quick-addition-look-for-bite-stuff-in "the cardinal rules of not getting cult'd"]'''

==Finding and Evaluating Online Health Resources ==
'''[https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/finding-and-evaluating-online-resources?nav=govd Here is a detailed article]''' on things to think about when you read about health online.

== Where are the negative reviews?==

'''[[Negative reviews|Click here]]''' for an incomplete list of negative reviews

==What’s the key way to improve my eyesight?==
{{main|The Eyesight Improvement Equation}}
It's pretty simple. [[Normalized glasses]], combined with [[distance vision]] and relaxing your [[ciliary muscle]] ([[Active Focus]]). Also, making sure your [[screen habits]] aren't undoing all of that hard work, so use [[differentials]] or no glasses for [[close work]], depending on your eyes.

That's it - people seem to overcomplicate this stuff for no reason {{smiley}}
==Citations==

Clinical Studies

2023-03-13T21:39:50Z

Angel: /* From the forum */ pds

Below you can find many third party clinical studies on the progression of myopia and how myopia may be reversed.
==Causes of Myopia==
===Lens induced myopia (LIM) & axial length change in humans===
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20592235/ ''"Significant changes in optical axial length occurred in human subjects after 60 minutes of monocular defocus."'' IOVS, 2010]
*[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-65151-5 ''"The human eye is able to discern the sign of defocus within minutes after exposure to blur and make changes in its axial length in a direction to reduce the amount of retinal blur"'', Scientific Reports, 2020]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16505066/ ''"During relatively short periods of accommodative stimulation, axial length increases in ... young adults"'', IOVS, 2006]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20562668/ ''"The eye undergoes a significant axial elongation associated with a brief period of accommodation..."'', OVS, 2010]
*[https://endmyopia.org/dr-morgan-dr-megaw-preventing-axial-elongation-and-the-development-of-myopia/ ''"It is therefore clear that preventive approaches need to concentrate on measures that prevent or reduce axial elongation, since this would result in a reduction in both the need for refractive correction and the long-term pathological outcomes"'', Acad Med Singapore, 2004]
*[https://endmyopia.org/glasses-make-your-eyes-grow-not-in-a-good-way/ ''"Refractive correction of myopia will lead to accelerated progression"'', OPO, 2007]
*[https://endmyopia.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/The_progression_of_corrected_myopia_with_pages_as_published_clean_10.1007_s00417-015-2991-5.pdf ''"Continuous correction of myopia results in a linear progression that increases myopia..."'', GACEO, 2015]
*[https://europepmc.org/article/med/3688185''"...A reduction in the axial length of the adult eye serves as an emmetropizing mechanism..."'', AJOPO, 1987]
*[https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2711345''"...This study found that small but significant bi-directional changes in SFCT (Sub-Foveal Choroidal Thickening) were caused by retinal defocus in healthy presbyopic subjects aged 50 to 67 years of age...."'', IOVS, 2018]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26010292/''"Small but significant changes in SFCT (Sub-Foveal Choroidal Thickening) (5-8%) were caused by retinal defocus. ."'', OPO, 2015]

===Lens induced myopia (LIM) & axial length change in animals===
*[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1475-1313.1997.97000033.x ''"Extrapolation of these (animal) findings to humans predicts that natural emmetropization (normal eye development) will be inhibited...by early intervention with prescription lenses..."'' OPO, 2007]
*[https://endmyopia.org/can-axial-length-be-reduced-for-less-myopia/ ''"It has been suggested that environmental factors such as extensive near work act as triggers of myopia....The expression of AL (Axial Length) genes activated by environmental factors leads to the elongation of AL (Axial Length)."'' Ophthalmologica, 2011]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23557736/ ''"Hyperopic defocus accelerated vitreous chamber elongation (Axial Length) and produced myopic shifts in refractive error...Following lens removal, the...monkeys recovered from the induced myopia..."'' IOVS, 2013]
*[https://endmyopia.org/eyes-in-various-species-can-shorten-to-compensate-for-myopic-defocus/ ''"We demonstrated that eyes of young animals of various species (chick, tree shrew, marmoset, and rhesus macaque) can shorten in the axial dimension in response to myopic defocus."'' IOVS, 2013]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7839608/ ''"The chick eye is able to change its refractive state by as much as 7 D by pushing the retina forward or pulling it back (when stimulated by lense use)..."'' VR, 1995]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18791175/ ''"Chicks' eyes rapidly compensate for defocus imposed by spectacle lenses...The complex etiology (cause) of human myopia may reflect these temporal properties."'' IOVS, 2009]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12445851/ ''"If the effective focal length of a growing eye is modified by spectacle lenses, the eye compensates by altering its growth, thereby keeping images in focus..."'' VR, 2002]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15980206/ ''"In a matter of minutes, the eye can know which way to grow..."'' IOVS, 2005]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10343811/ ''"...spectacle lenses could predictably alter the growth of...eyes resulting in ... refractive changes in both the hyperopic and myopic directions."'' VR, 1999]

===Nearwork-Induced Transient Myopia (NITM) & Nearwork Causing Permanent Myopia (PM)===
*[https://endmyopia.org/us-national-academy-of-sciences-near-work-causes-myopia/''"Today there no longer seems to be any question that nearwork is a causal factor for myopia. "'' The Lancet, 2000]
*[https://www.aoa.org/healthy-eyes/eye-and-vision-conditions/myopia?sso=y''"People who do an excessive amount of near-vision work may experience a false or "pseudo" myopia...Clear distance vision usually returns after resting the eyes. However, constant visual stress may lead to a permanent reduction in distance vision over time. "'' American Optometric Association]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22943873/''"Near work which is a primary, environmentally based factor in the development and progression of permanent myopia (PM) may take effect via near work-induced transient myopia (NITM)."'' ZYJZZ, 2012]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18339041/''"...based on recent converging evidence from clinical, laboratory and modelling studies, a five-fold argument will be advanced for a possible link between PM (Permanent Myopia) and NITM (Nearwork-Induced Transient Myopia)."'' OPO, 2008]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26244865/''"Continuous reading, close distances of reading, television viewing... and use of fluorescent desk light were significantly associated with myopia... which indicates that visual behaviors and environments may be important factors mediating the effects of near work on myopia.."'' PLoS, 2015]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32075819/''"The current study provides novel evidence, based on objective data, to support the association between the intensity of near work, light intensity and myopia..."'' BrJO, 2020]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18579757/''"Near work such as close reading distance (< 30 cm) and continuous reading (> 30 minutes) independently increased the odds of having myopia in this sample of children."'' IOVS, 2008]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23187872/''"The purpose of the present study was to...investigate the possible relation between NITM (Nearwork-Induced Transient Myopia) and PM (Permanent Myopia); and to determine the possible associations with NITM "'' IOVS, 2008]

==Reversing Myopia==
===Outdoor time & distance vision===
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20592235/ ''"It is now well established that spending more time outdoors during childhood lowers the risk of developing myopia..."'' BrJO, 2020]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18294691/ ''"Outdoor activity reduces the prevalence of myopia in children."'' Opthamology, 2008]
*[https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/139488/1/1-s2.0-S1350946217300393-main.pdf''"The most immediate path to myopia prevention in schools is to increase the amount of time that children spend outdoors within school hours"'' PRES, 2018]
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5233810/''"..VL (Violet Light) is one of the important outdoor environmental factors for myopia control...VL exposure can be a preventive strategy against myopia progression"'' EBioMedecine, 2017]

===Using reduced or no lenses (myopic defocus)===
*[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-65151-5''"The human eye is capable of responding to the presence of blur by changing its axial length, so that the retina moves towards the defocused image plane (using reduced lenses)...These findings provide evidence that the human eye is able to detect and respond to the presence (using reduced lenses)... of blur within minutes."'' Scientific Reports, 2020]

*[https://endmyopia.org/another-study-glasses-cause-rapid-myopia-progression-in-children/''"Our findings suggest that myopic defocus (using reduced lenses) slows the progression of myopia in already myopic children, supporting previous findings from animal studies..."'' IOVS, 2004]
*[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1475-1313.2008.00608.x''"Compared with SV lenses (Normal Glasses), myopia progression was found to be retarded by PALs (Bifocals / Reduced Lenses) to some extent in Chinese children"'' OPO, 2008]
*[https://endmyopia.org/shots-in-the-dark-clinical-myopia-studies/ ''"Results of this study suggest that such children, if myopic, may have an additional benefit of slowed progression of myopia."'' IOVS, 2004]
*[https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2189093&resultClick=1 ''"Eyes of chick, tree shrew, marmoset, and rhesus macaque can shorten axially when presented with myopic defocus...Implications for human myopia control are significant."'' IOVS, 2013]
*[https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2393165 ''"The results suggest that imposed peripheral myopic defocus (reduced lense use) may be able to be used to control on–axis axial elongation (myopia progression)..."'' GACEO, 2017]

===Active Focus (accomodative training or accomodative facility training)===
*[https://endmyopia.org/active-focus-does-it-actually-work-clinical-science/ ''"Training of the accommodative system (active focus)...resulted in improved dynamics...This is consistent with earlier reports in the literature of improvements..."'' OVS, 2009]
*[https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Changes-in-dynamics-of-accommodation-after-facility-Allen-Charman/bb8e6b6b3e843c144582532d3bdbcfba520eba72''"This study evaluates the effect of accommodative facility training (active focus) in myopes and emmetropes (normal sighted)....The results showed that training (active focus) improved the facility rate (results) in both groups..."'' VR, 2010]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10947012/''"These results suggest that accommodative facility training (active focus) is an efficient method built on loss of symptoms among children..."'' DO, 1999]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11727875/''"The result of this study indicates that accommodative facility training (active focus) has a real effect on the amplitude of relative accommodation in patients with impaired relative accommodation..."'' OPO, 2001]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3631199/''"This experiment shows the effectiveness of automated accommodative training (active focus) in reducing asthenopia (eye strain) and improving accommodative facility."'' AmJOPO, 1987]

==LASIK==
A good resource for information about [[LASIK]]: [https://lasikcomplications.com/ lasikcomplications.com]
* [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.5301/ejo.5000025 Less than 20% of people with 10+ diopters will be below 1 diopter just 3 years after LASIK]

==Articles==

===From the blog===
These are blog articles on EndMyopia about clinical studies, but not clinical studies themselves. You may find them interesting. Also see [https://endmyopia.org/category/science/ the science category].

*[https://endmyopia.org/dr-morgan-dr-megaw-preventing-axial-elongation-and-the-development-of-myopia/ what we know about axial elongation of the eye, and its role in the development of myopia (dissertation)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/your-eyes-are-direct-access-to-your-brain-blue-light-reverses-amnesia/ in some cases, memories that are lost due to brain trauma may still be present in the human brain. (animal testing)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/shots-in-the-dark-clinical-myopia-studies/ studies that have considered the negative impact of minus lens use for close-up, and looked into smarter alternatives to “minus for everything”.]
*[https://endmyopia.org/the-role-of-contrast-adaptation-in-myopia-development-reversal/ The Role Of Contrast Adaptation In Myopia Development & Reversal]
*[https://endmyopia.org/no-more-surgery-a-new-eye-drop-dissolves-cataracts/ Researchers in the US have developed a new drug that can be delivered directly into the eye via an eye dropper to shrink down and dissolve cataracts – the leading cause of blindness in humans. (animal testing) (2015)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/the-1960s-harvard-pirate-kitten-experiment-an-unused-eye-goes-blind/ Back in the 1960’s this guy Torsten Wiesel from the Harvard Medical School’s department of neurobiology ran an experiment on kittens. (animal testing)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/forget-thick-contacts-get-thinner-contact-lenses/ On contact lenses]
*[https://endmyopia.org/sugar-risk-diabetic-retinopathy/ Diabetic retinopathy. Or, how your eating habits can take you straight into one of the leading causes of adult blindness.]
*[https://endmyopia.org/glasses-make-your-eyes-grow-not-in-a-good-way/ wearing glasses to correct myopia, will create more myopia.]
*[https://endmyopia.org/steroids-to-boost-dynamic-visual-acuity/ Dynamic Visual Acuity]
*[https://endmyopia.org/night-blindness-seeing-well-bright-vs-dim-light/ Night blindness]
*[https://endmyopia.org/us-national-academy-of-sciences-near-work-causes-myopia/ Near Work Causes Myopia (USNAS)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/lens-induced-myopia-investigative-ophthalmology/ Lens-Induced Myopia]
*[https://endmyopia.org/can-axial-length-be-reduced-for-less-myopia/ Can Axial Length Be Reduced For Less Myopia?]
*[https://endmyopia.org/bi-focal-contact-lenses-for-myopia-control/ Bi-Focal Contact Lenses For Myopia Control]
*[https://endmyopia.org/monkey-see-monkey-do/ Negative lens-induced myopia in infant monkeys: effects of high ambient lighting (animal study)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/breaking-science-discovers-the-cause-of-nearsightedness/ Myopia starts with environmental stimulus, in particular extended close-up focus.]
*[https://endmyopia.org/eye-drop-warning-avoid-benzalkonium-chloride/ Eye Drop Warning: Avoid Benzalkonium Chloride]

*[https://endmyopia.org/the-hong-kong-myopia-epidemic/ The Hong Kong Myopia Epidemic]
*[https://endmyopia.org/the-unstoppable-global-myopia-epidemic-doubles-again/ incidence of childhood myopia among American children has more than doubled over the last 50 years]
*[https://endmyopia.org/glasses-cause-serious-psychological-stress-in-children/ Psychological Stress in Childhood and Myopia Development (OVPJournal)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/cruel-cruel-winter/ Unless you find uncle Jake’s myopia rehab facility, you’re in the lens manufacturer’s drug dealing pocket for life.] (no paper)
*[https://endmyopia.org/improved-glaucoma-detection-singapore-study/ you can reduce your risk of the most common forms of glaucoma]
*[https://endmyopia.org/eyes-in-various-species-can-shorten-to-compensate-for-myopic-defocus/ Eyes in Various Species Can Shorten to Compensate for Myopic Defocus] and [https://endmyopia.org/three-mammals-and-a-bird/ commentary by contributing optometrist] (animal studies)
*[https://endmyopia.org/study-bifocal-contact-lenses-for-myopia-control/ Bifocal contacts control myopia progression better than multifocal spectacles]
*[https://endmyopia.org/geeks-retina-its-own-sensorimotor-apparatus/ A Sensorimotor Account Of Vision And Visual Consciousness (philosophy paper)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/contrast-sensitivity/ contrast sensitivity (no paper)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/is-going-outside-the-cure-for-myopia/ why outdoor time won’t magically prevent myopia onset]
*[https://endmyopia.org/singapore-ophthalmologist-insists-glasses-dont-cause-myopia/ glasses cause more myopia, faster]
*https://endmyopia.org/peripheral-vision-loss/
*https://endmyopia.org/allan-hytowitz-genius-innovator-or-dangerous-heretic/
*https://endmyopia.org/this-woman-sees-99-million-more-colors-than-you/
*https://endmyopia.org/neural-response-to-flicker-rates-artificial-light-causes-myopia/
*https://endmyopia.org/ophthalmology-science-glasses-cause-myopia-period/
*https://endmyopia.org/coopervision-misight-contact-lenses-breakthrough-myopia-control/
*https://endmyopia.org/myopia-madness-glasses-way-strong/
*https://endmyopia.org/retail-optometry-even-science/
*https://endmyopia.org/eye-uses-chromatic-aberration-to-guide-axial-change/
*https://endmyopia.org/american-journal-of-optometry-adult-reduction-in-axial-length/
*https://endmyopia.org/studies-does-undercorrection-cause-more-myopia/
*https://endmyopia.org/science-confirms-human-eye-axial-length-change-lens-use/
*https://endmyopia.org/another-study-glasses-cause-rapid-myopia-progression-in-children/
*https://endmyopia.org/active-focus-does-it-actually-work-clinical-science/
*https://endmyopia.org/refractive-error-myopia-concept/
*https://endmyopia.org/shocking-news-not-all-ophthalmologists-are-retarded/
*https://endmyopia.org/optics-diopters-all-the-nerdy-maths/
*https://endmyopia.org/astigmatism-part-of-natural-focus-understanding-the-brains-autofocus-mechanism/
*https://endmyopia.org/can-this-tiny-piece-of-paper-replace-your-optometrist/
*https://endmyopia.org/why-is-my-eyesight-worse-in-low-light-indoors-dusk-night-time/
*https://endmyopia.org/study-outdoor-activity-reduces-myopia-onset-in-children/
*https://endmyopia.org/study-failure-to-discuss-myopia-control-verging-on-negligent/
*https://endmyopia.org/why-you-are-nearsighted-an-animation/
===From the forum===

Here are papers people have mentioned on the forum:

* [https://www.visionsofjoy.org/pdfs/OrfieldSeeingSpace.pdf Seeing Space: Undergoing Brain Reprogramming to Reduce Myopia] by Antonia Marie Orfield (1994); [https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/bostonglobe/name/antonia-orfield-obituary?id=24225499 Author's obituary]

*[https://community.endmyopia.org/t/showdown-experiment-will-enough-outdoor-vision-shorten-my-eyes/6423/200 a paper which tries to model how the human (and generally mammalian) eyes focus on objects (animal study)] [https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2011/10/deciphering-brains-autofocus-mechanism (short article)], [https://www.pnas.org/content/108/40/16849 (full paper)]
*[https://community.endmyopia.org/t/been-to-the-opto-but-with-unexpecting-results-glaucoma/5203/5 a proto-endmyopia thing] [https://the-eye.eu/public/concen.org/Five_Health_Classics/BENJAMIN%2C%20Harry%20-%20Better%20Sight%20Without%20Glasses%20%281962%29.pdf (here is the direct link to an old book, start with page 102.)]
*[https://community.endmyopia.org/t/been-to-the-opto-but-with-unexpecting-results-glaucoma/5203/19 If you have glaucoma, try vitamin b3] (Clin & Exp Ophtalm. Sept. 2020, doi: 10.1111/ceo.13818)
*[https://community.endmyopia.org/t/my-journey-from-4-25-halmadavid/5080/245 Probability of myopia in children with high refined carbohydrates consumption in France] [https://bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12886-020-01602-x (direct link to research article)]
*[https://community.endmyopia.org/t/doubts-about-the-need-for-outdoors-and-avoiding-screen-time/8940/18 on the effects of outdoor light on myopia progression] [https://www.nature.com/articles/519276a (direct link to article)]
* [http://www.myopia.org/bifocals.htm Bifocal Control of Myopia study by Oakley and Young, 1975.]
*[https://community.endmyopia.org/uploads/short-url/2WB7z5dmF3Rk7tdwlslsf9zcwh0.pdf Visual Conditions of Symphony Musicians]

* a bunch at [https://community.endmyopia.org/t/better-than-eye-chart/15290/11 Better than eye chart?] [https://www.dyop.info/documents/Measuring_Visual_Cylinder_and_Axis_with_a_Dyop.pdf (pdf)], [https://www.bitchute.com/video/yPeGRG4qWQsi/ (visual acuity testing demo)], [https://www.dyop.info/documents/How_We_See.pdf (how we see pdf)], [https://www.dyop.info/documents/Snellen_vs_Dyop-Cataracts_Gordon.pdf (pdf)], [https://www.dyop.info/documents/Snellen_vs_Dyop_Refractions-Sanni.pdf (pdf)], [https://www.dyop.info/documents/Dyslexia_and_Color_Perception-SandraStark.pdf (pdf)], [https://www.dyop.info/documents/Which_Optotype_Are_You_Using.pdf (pdf)], etc. Discussion is about a proprietary tool that works better than the Snellen chart.
* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK580526/#!po=11.1765 Pigment Dispersion Syndrome]

===From Discord or the wiki===

* [https://ia803109.us.archive.org/32/items/BETTERSIGHTWITHOUTGLASSESHarryBenjamin/BETTER%20SIGHT%20WITHOUT%20GLASSES%20harry%20benjamin.pdf Better sight without glasses by Dr. Harry Benjamin] (pdf) (related to [[Bates Method]], first published 1929)
[[Category:Articles]]
* a [https://github.com/kevindirect/papers-medbio/tree/master/conditions/opthamology/vision/myopia/papers collection of papers] on accommodation, defocus, lifestyle, miscellaneous, and myopia

Active Focus

2023-03-13T21:23:34Z

Angel: /* See also */ https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/606146580051132448/1083960174991134842/image.png

[[File:AF car visual aid.png|right|thumb|450x700px|Active Focus lets you break the limitations of the glasses you are wearing. Without AF, blur is static and does not change. With AF, blur becomes malleable and more like a spectrum which you can shift up and down along as you like. You aim for maximum clarity and as little blur as possible.]]
'''Active Focus''' is an essential part of EndMyopia. It can be described as conscious relaxation of the [[ciliary muscle]]. It results in clearer vision, and provides [[stimulus]] to improve eyesight in the long-term. It's probably the largest stumbling block in beginning to improve your eyesight.

Active Focus tends to elude newcomers who try to find it for the first time. You should expect to spend [[Explainer:There's a learning curve|quite some time]] to find it yourself. The experienced EndMyopian is likely to tell the newcomer with delight that it works, how it clears up their vision and the long term [[gains]] they have made. The newcomer will listen on, maybe intrigued, but still will doubt the existence of it completely, until they experience it for themselves. In that sense, finding Active Focus is a little like taking the [[Wikipedia:Red_pill_and_blue_pill|red pill]].
==How it works==
Active Focus resolves a small amount of [[myopic defocus]]. Doing Active Focus provides the necessary stimulus to reverse the effects of [[myopia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://endmyopia.org/faq-items/what-is-active-focus |title=What is Active Focus |last=Steiner |first=Jake |website=Endmyopia |access-date=11 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vasudevan |first1=Balamurali |last2=Ciuffreda |first2=Kenneth |date=2009 |title=Accommodative Training to Reduce Nearwork-Induced Transient Myopia |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19786929 |journal=Optometry and Vision Science |volume=86 |issue=11 |pages=1287-1294 |doi=10.1097/OPX.0b013e3181bb44cf |access-date=11 June 2020}}</ref> It is also important in managing eyestrain.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://endmyopia.org/active-focus-links/ |title=Active Focus: The Link List (+ Video Explainer) |last=Steiner |first=Jake |website=Endmyopia |access-date=11 June 2020}}</ref>

Active Focus attempts to push the distant vision of the eyes slightly further. However, as [[accommodation]] is an involuntary process, achieving Active Focus is not straight forward. While it is easy to move the skeletal muscles of your body, it is not possible to control the [[ciliary muscle]]s in the same way. However, by careful manipulation of the [[blur horizon]], it is possible to encourage the eyes to push slightly harder to achieve focus. This extra push is what Active Focus is about.

In order to do this successfully, it is important to introduce appropriate amount of [[blur]] challenge to the eyes. This can be accomplished by the use of [[normalized]] and [[differential]] glasses. As opposed to full correction glasses where everything is always sharp, normalized and differential glasses provide convenient access to a blur horizon. This blur horizon allows for the practice of Active Focus. Again, the blur challenge should not be so much that it is too difficult for the eyes and not so little that it is unnoticeable.
==Implementing Active Focus==

'''If you feel strained by doing active focus, you can and should take a break.'''

Active focus is a [[distance vision]] activity. Practicing active focus should not be viewed as an exercise activity. It should be incorporated to your daily lives so that it becomes habitual.<ref>{{cite web |last=Steiner |first=Jake |title=Minimum Daily Active Focus Time? (PRO TOPIC) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nQXqHXtpDp4 |access-date=11 June 2020 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> With proper use of normalized and differential glasses, opportunities to do active focus throughout your day are everywhere. By turning it into a habit, blur challenges are automatically cleared, thus eliminating the need to "put in effort" to improve. Taking frequent breaks from near visual work to do active focus is critical in preventing ciliary spasm and the worsening of myopia. With consistent practice of active focus, it is estimated that myopia will reverse at a rate of 0.25 diopters every 3 months.

<youtube>7BvHDvrk0dQ</youtube>

==Active Focus in small words==

* Look at something that is [https://wiki.endmyopia.org/wiki/Blur_horizon only a little blurry]. Make it not blurry.
* Active Focus = Paying attention, that's all. Active Focus =/= Change from Blur to clarity. The latter is a possible but likely outcome of the former.

==Arguments against active focus==

* [https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/606146580051132448/1083960174991134842/image.png pigment dispersion syndrome]

==See also==
* [[print pushing]]
* [[Guide:How to find Active Focus]]

* [[Community:A Million Ways to Find Active Focus|A Million Ways to Find Active Focus]]
* [https://endmyopia.org/active-focus-links Active Focus: The Link List (+ Video Explainer)]

==References==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Articles]]

Cylinder

2023-03-13T17:32:24Z

Angel:

'''Cylinder''' lenses correct for the most common kind of [[astigmatism]]. It's represented as CYL on [[prescriptions]]. The lens is shaped like a cylinder rather than a sphere, bending light in one direction, but not in the other. The direction is specified by the [[Axis]].

==Positive vs. Negative Cylinder==
Eyecare professionals have individual preferences for writing out positive vs negative values for cyl. For discussion with other EM participants, it is usually recommended to convert positive cylinder values into their negative equivalent, as the negative cylinder values are potentially more intuitive from a reduction point of view.

* For example, there are participants who get surprised [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJQEdXwKiNA&t=1363s when they remove plus cylinder, and then find that the glasses they order are too strong].
* [https://www.aclens.com/positive-cyl-converter There are tools that will convert between equivalent prescriptions of plus or negative cylinder]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0AyE1BmKUh8 Gemily's video explaining plus vs negative cylinder]

==See also==
* [[Astigmatism]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Articles]]

Eye drops

2023-03-11T09:55:41Z

Angel:

==Avoid==
* Benzalkonium chloride<ref>https://endmyopia.org/eye-drop-warning-avoid-benzalkonium-chloride/</ref>
* Anything that "gets the red out"
==Brands==
Two irl doctor-recommended eye drop brands for dry eyes are

* "Blink Tears"

* "Systane Ultra"

The same doctor suggested buying a bottle and trying it. If it doesn't work, don't waste any more of your money.
==See also==

* [[Dry eye]] - includes habit and dietary advice for dry eyes

==References==

Eye drops

2023-03-11T09:54:43Z

Angel: named a couple suggested brands

* Avoid benzalkonium chloride<ref>https://endmyopia.org/eye-drop-warning-avoid-benzalkonium-chloride/</ref>

* Avoid anything that "gets the red out"
Two irl doctor-recommended eye drop brands for dry eyes are "Blink Tears" and "Systane Ultra". The same doctor suggested buying a bottle and trying it. If it doesn't work, don't waste any more of your money.

==See also==

* [[Dry eye]] - includes habit and dietary advice for dry eyes

==References==

Dry eye

2023-03-11T09:50:53Z

Angel: /* Causes and solutions */

'''Dry eye''' is the condition of having an unhealthy tear film on the eyes. Dry eyes may result in blurry vision and excessive blinking, which interfere with [[active focus]], so dry eye must be treated before proceeding with active focus. Dry eye is most effectively treated with a visit to an eye care professional.

A high-quality tear film is formed with three layers:
* The lipid layer at the top
* The aqueous layer in the middle
* The mucosal layer at the bottom

If the body does not produce enough of each of these layers, a range of dry eye symptoms could result. Dry eye syndrome can happen even if the eyes feel wet, because of dysfunction of any of the tear layers.

== Causes and solutions ==
[[Eye drops]] can provide temporary relief of dry eye symptoms. Eye care professionals can identify which tear layers are unhealthy, and they may recommend or prescribe eye drops that target the problematic tear layer. However, eye drops may not address the core cause of dry eye syndrome. Eye drops should be used until the cause of dry eye has been resolved.

Meibomian glands, located under the eyelids, produce the lipid tear layer. Under-stimulated meibomian glands may become clogged, no longer releasing lipids onto the surface of the eye. Meibomian gland dysfunction will cause evaporation of the lower tear layers. If meibomian gland dysfunction is left untreated, the glands may begin to atrophy.

The meibomian glands are stimulated by blinking. '''People tend to blink less when stressed or when viewing television and computer screens, leading to under-stimulation of the glands.''' However, once the meibomian glands become clogged, stimulation may not be enough for the glands to release their product.

An eye care professional may be able to help with meibomian gland dysfunction with the use of specialized tools that un-clog the glands. In addition, meibomian gland dysfunction may be treatable at home. The dry eye sufferer can use a warm compress on their eyes to loosen the contents of the meibomian glands. Then, they can pinch the eyelids (carefully, to avoid harming the eye) to express the lipids from each gland.

Eat more foods with vitamin A in them.<ref>https://health-boundaries.com/eyelid-twitching-and-vitamin-b12/</ref> Good sources include '''carrots, sweet potatoes,''' and '''spinach'''.<ref>https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminA-HealthProfessional/</ref> '''Liver''' is also high in vitamin A if you eat meat, but you have to be careful not to overdo it with liver because it's SO high in vitamin A, and make sure it was fed a healthy diet because liver is where any harmful chemicals will concentrate. According to an eye doctor irl, drink plenty of '''water''', eat lots of '''fiber''', and get enough omega 3s and omega 6s. To expand on that, two excellent sources of omega 3s are '''ground flax seeds '''and''' walnuts'''. A handful of walnuts per day meets your daily requirements for ALA omega 3.

== See also ==

* [[Active focus]]

* [https://endmyopia.org/active-focus-it-was-clear-a-second-ago/ Active Focus: It Was Clear A Second Ago] Written By Despina Contributing Optometrist
* [[Blinking]]

* [[Eye drops]]

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tears#Physiology Physiology of tears] (Wikipedia)

==References==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Articles]]
[[Category:Eye conditions]]

Dry eye

2023-03-11T09:50:26Z

Angel: /* Causes and solutions */ bold

'''Dry eye''' is the condition of having an unhealthy tear film on the eyes. Dry eyes may result in blurry vision and excessive blinking, which interfere with [[active focus]], so dry eye must be treated before proceeding with active focus. Dry eye is most effectively treated with a visit to an eye care professional.

A high-quality tear film is formed with three layers:
* The lipid layer at the top
* The aqueous layer in the middle
* The mucosal layer at the bottom

If the body does not produce enough of each of these layers, a range of dry eye symptoms could result. Dry eye syndrome can happen even if the eyes feel wet, because of dysfunction of any of the tear layers.

== Causes and solutions ==
[[Eye drops]] can provide temporary relief of dry eye symptoms. Eye care professionals can identify which tear layers are unhealthy, and they may recommend or prescribe eye drops that target the problematic tear layer. However, eye drops may not address the core cause of dry eye syndrome. Eye drops should be used until the cause of dry eye has been resolved.

Meibomian glands, located under the eyelids, produce the lipid tear layer. Under-stimulated meibomian glands may become clogged, no longer releasing lipids onto the surface of the eye. Meibomian gland dysfunction will cause evaporation of the lower tear layers. If meibomian gland dysfunction is left untreated, the glands may begin to atrophy.

The meibomian glands are stimulated by blinking. '''People tend to blink less when stressed or when viewing television and computer screens, leading to under-stimulation of the glands.''' However, once the meibomian glands become clogged, stimulation may not be enough for the glands to release their product.

An eye care professional may be able to help with meibomian gland dysfunction with the use of specialized tools that un-clog the glands. In addition, meibomian gland dysfunction may be treatable at home. The dry eye sufferer can use a warm compress on their eyes to loosen the contents of the meibomian glands. Then, they can pinch the eyelids (carefully, to avoid harming the eye) to express the lipids from each gland.

Eat more foods with vitamin A in them.<ref>https://health-boundaries.com/eyelid-twitching-and-vitamin-b12/</ref> Good sources include '''carrots, sweet potatoes,''' and '''spinach'''.<ref>https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminA-HealthProfessional/</ref> '''Liver''' is also high in vitamin A if you eat meat, but you have to be careful not to overdo it with liver because it's SO high in vitamin A, and make sure it was fed a healthy diet because liver is where any harmful chemicals will concentrate. According to an eye doctor irl, drink plenty of '''water''', eat lots of '''fiber''', and get enough omega 3s and omega 6s. To expand on that, two excellent sources of omega 3s are '''ground flax seeds and walnuts'''. A handful of walnuts per day meets your daily requirements for ALA omega 3.

== See also ==

* [[Active focus]]

* [https://endmyopia.org/active-focus-it-was-clear-a-second-ago/ Active Focus: It Was Clear A Second Ago] Written By Despina Contributing Optometrist
* [[Blinking]]

* [[Eye drops]]

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tears#Physiology Physiology of tears] (Wikipedia)

==References==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Articles]]
[[Category:Eye conditions]]

Dry eye

2023-03-11T09:49:45Z

Angel: /* Causes and solutions */

'''Dry eye''' is the condition of having an unhealthy tear film on the eyes. Dry eyes may result in blurry vision and excessive blinking, which interfere with [[active focus]], so dry eye must be treated before proceeding with active focus. Dry eye is most effectively treated with a visit to an eye care professional.

A high-quality tear film is formed with three layers:
* The lipid layer at the top
* The aqueous layer in the middle
* The mucosal layer at the bottom

If the body does not produce enough of each of these layers, a range of dry eye symptoms could result. Dry eye syndrome can happen even if the eyes feel wet, because of dysfunction of any of the tear layers.

== Causes and solutions ==
[[Eye drops]] can provide temporary relief of dry eye symptoms. Eye care professionals can identify which tear layers are unhealthy, and they may recommend or prescribe eye drops that target the problematic tear layer. However, eye drops may not address the core cause of dry eye syndrome. Eye drops should be used until the cause of dry eye has been resolved.

Meibomian glands, located under the eyelids, produce the lipid tear layer. Under-stimulated meibomian glands may become clogged, no longer releasing lipids onto the surface of the eye. Meibomian gland dysfunction will cause evaporation of the lower tear layers. If meibomian gland dysfunction is left untreated, the glands may begin to atrophy.

The meibomian glands are stimulated by blinking. '''People tend to blink less when stressed or when viewing television and computer screens, leading to under-stimulation of the glands.''' However, once the meibomian glands become clogged, stimulation may not be enough for the glands to release their product.

An eye care professional may be able to help with meibomian gland dysfunction with the use of specialized tools that un-clog the glands. In addition, meibomian gland dysfunction may be treatable at home. The dry eye sufferer can use a warm compress on their eyes to loosen the contents of the meibomian glands. Then, they can pinch the eyelids (carefully, to avoid harming the eye) to express the lipids from each gland.

Eat more foods with vitamin A in them.<ref>https://health-boundaries.com/eyelid-twitching-and-vitamin-b12/</ref> Good sources include '''carrots, sweet potatoes,''' and '''spinach'''.<ref>https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminA-HealthProfessional/</ref> '''Liver''' is also high in vitamin A if you eat meat, but you have to be careful not to overdo it with liver because it's SO high in vitamin A, and make sure it was fed a healthy diet because liver is where any harmful chemicals will concentrate. According to an eye doctor irl, drink plenty of fluids, eat lots of fiber, and get enough omega 3s and omega 6s. To expand on that, two excellent sources of omega 3s are ground flax seeds and walnuts. A handful of walnuts per day meets your daily requirements for ALA omega 3.

== See also ==

* [[Active focus]]

* [https://endmyopia.org/active-focus-it-was-clear-a-second-ago/ Active Focus: It Was Clear A Second Ago] Written By Despina Contributing Optometrist
* [[Blinking]]

* [[Eye drops]]

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tears#Physiology Physiology of tears] (Wikipedia)

==References==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Articles]]
[[Category:Eye conditions]]

User:Angel

2023-03-10T02:06:45Z

Angel: /* normal/normalized glasses will be brown frames */

==Guides==

* [https://losetheglasses.org/cliffgnu-vision.pdf The No Bulls#*t <nowiki>[oversimplified]</nowiki> Guide to Vision Improvement] by C. G. Hayes

* [https://www.visionsofjoy.org/pdfs/OrfieldSeeingSpace.pdf Seeing Space: Undergoing Brain Reprogramming to Reduce Myopia] by Antonia Marie Orfield (1994); [https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/bostonglobe/name/antonia-orfield-obituary?id=24225499 Author's obituary]

==Anticipated Glasses Future==

===Next glasses ===

====I was expecting to use these glasses in brown frames as my next pair of normal glasses====

OD/Right: -4.00 sphere, -1.50 cylinder, 171 axis

OS/Left: -3.75 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

====closeup/differential glasses====
???

==My Glasses History==

I figured I should track this somewhere and maybe someday I will make enough progress that this level of detail will be interesting to someone besides me. Or maybe just knowing my context is useful. Also adding other non-glasses stuff that could be relevant.

===March 2023===
====Prescription====
"You have excellent focus for someone your age." No cataracts or glaucoma. Dry eyes. Eat walnuts (or other omegas), eat more fiber, drink more water. (Or get Blink Tears or Systane Ultra but don't touch anything that claims to get rid of red eyes.)

:Right/OD: -4.50 sphere, -1.25 cylinder, 170 axis
:Left/OS: -4.00 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 177 axis

===January or February 2023===

Mouse broke. Back to wearing close-up/differential glasses and just using the laptop without an external monitor.

===October 7, 2022===

====[https://wiki.endmyopia.org/wiki/Differentials Close-ups] - gold frames====

Had some icecream last night and chocolate this morning and was crying. My vision is typically worse in the morning and if I've had refined sugar. So I figured this was a good conservative time to test my vision. Tested. It is time. Now using for close-up glasses:

OD/Right: -3.00 sphere, -1.50 cylinder, 171 axis

OS/Left: -2.75 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

===July2022===

====Bike trip ends====

Using borrowed tv screen as monitor. Quit all refined sugar again.

====Bike trip review====

Didn't make any changes while bicycling. Rode my bike a bunch, used the laptop a bunch. Got a bit of a tan. Ate a TON of junk food. ALLLlll the sugary things. Traveled maybe 2,000 miles.

===March 2022===

====Bicycle trip starts====

This is when I left on a bicycle trip. I'm getting lots of sunshine and outdoor time. This is a dramatic change from my winter habits this year, so I won't make any changes to my glasses at this time.

Abandoned keyboard and mouse, no room to pack 'em.
===January 26, 2022===

====Found a free keyboard and mouse.====

Now I can get my laptop further away from my lap. Only problem is, I just switched to new normalized glasses a few days ago! So I am concerned about effectively changing two focal planes at once. Oh well. Will try to be conservative about where I set my computer, while still getting in the habit of using the keyboard and mouse.

In short, I have to be cautious about not effectively changing two focal planes at once.
===January 22, 2022===
====normal glasses - black frames====
OD/right: -4.25 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 171 axis

OS/left: -4 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

=== November 7, 2021===
====Normal glasses====

Couldn't find my original prescription when I wanted to change glasses from my close-ups (differentials) so I decided it was time to switch to my first normalized glasses. It feels like it has been about a month. I also received my over-the-glasses sunglasses yesterday!

:OD/Right -4.50 sphere, -1.50 cylinder, 171 axis

:OS/Left -4.25 sphere,-1.75 cylinder, 176 axis
Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index
===Mid-October 2021===
====[https://wiki.endmyopia.org/wiki/Differentials Close-ups] - blue frames====
:OD/Right: -3.25 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 171 axis

:OS/Left: -3 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

:Zenni frame 411516 because it's got half a dozen colors so I can keep track of new glasses easier, and it's the cheapest metal frames they sell. These frames are blue.
Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

===Mid-September 2021===

====End Myopia discovery====
: Found endmyopia.org somewhere. I had been looking for wrap-around sunglasses that would work with my prescription, which was apparently not in "cheap sunglasses on Zenni" territory.

====Eating more fiber====
: Figured out I can get most of my vitamins and minerals from 2 cups cooked greens and a can of beans every day. My fiber intake just went up dramatically and permanently.

===July 2021===
====Prescription====
:Right: -4.75 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 171 axis

:Left: -4.5 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

===January(ish) 2020===

====Checkup====
:Talked optometrist into just checking eye health. Eye health was fine.
===June 2019===

====Quit refined sugar====

:Did someone refine the fiber out? I won't eat it. Juice? Unacceptable. Honey? Refined by bees. Maple syrup? Sure, if I'm gnawing on a maple tree. Cane sugar? Sure, if I'm eating the cane alone with it. And so forth.

:NOTE: This took me 20 years of effort before it finally stuck. If at first you don't succeed, try, try, and try again. I get refined sugar on my birthdays.

===July 2018===
====Prescription====
:OD: -5 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 175 axis

:OS: -4.5 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 175 axis
1.61 Blokz Photochromic - Gray

===May 2011===

====Prescription====
:OD: -5 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 168 axis

:OS: -4.5 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 175 axis
===Early 1990s===

Kept forgetting my glasses at home and not being able to see the blackboard clearly from the first row. Annoyed teacher told me I needed to start remembering to bring my glasses. This is when I started wearing glasses full time.

===Late 1980s===

'''I was warned.''' When I was given my first pair of glasses, I was told, repeatedly, ''don't wear these glasses when you don't need them.'' I was living in England at the time. Not sure if it was an English doctor or a US military doctor. In my medical records, my early glasses are "for distance only".

==Why I'm here==
At this point, just habit. Also people with low-to-no myopia are less prone to retinal detachment. Eye problems run in my family. I figure I should do what I can to keep my eyesight in working order.

Things I'd like to be able to see clearly without glasses again:
* the stars

* my toes

==My friends on the Wiki (add yourself!)==

[[User:Kg6gfq|Kg6gfq]]

==Leave a message ==
You won't find me on the EndMyopia forum. But you can leave me an eyeballs-related message here!

Glad you had a good trip! -snax 8/1/22

User:Angel

2023-03-10T02:01:36Z

Angel: /* March 2023 */

==Guides==

* [https://losetheglasses.org/cliffgnu-vision.pdf The No Bulls#*t <nowiki>[oversimplified]</nowiki> Guide to Vision Improvement] by C. G. Hayes

* [https://www.visionsofjoy.org/pdfs/OrfieldSeeingSpace.pdf Seeing Space: Undergoing Brain Reprogramming to Reduce Myopia] by Antonia Marie Orfield (1994); [https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/bostonglobe/name/antonia-orfield-obituary?id=24225499 Author's obituary]

==Anticipated Glasses Future==

===Next glasses ===

====normal/normalized glasses will be brown frames====

OD/Right: -4.00 sphere, -1.50 cylinder, 171 axis

OS/Left: -3.75 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

====closeup/differential glasses====
???

==My Glasses History==

I figured I should track this somewhere and maybe someday I will make enough progress that this level of detail will be interesting to someone besides me. Or maybe just knowing my context is useful. Also adding other non-glasses stuff that could be relevant.

===March 2023===
====Prescription====
"You have excellent focus for someone your age." No cataracts or glaucoma. Dry eyes. Eat walnuts (or other omegas), eat more fiber, drink more water. (Or get Blink Tears or Systane Ultra but don't touch anything that claims to get rid of red eyes.)

:Right/OD: -4.50 sphere, -1.25 cylinder, 170 axis
:Left/OS: -4.00 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 177 axis

===January or February 2023===

Mouse broke. Back to wearing close-up/differential glasses and just using the laptop without an external monitor.

===October 7, 2022===

====[https://wiki.endmyopia.org/wiki/Differentials Close-ups] - gold frames====

Had some icecream last night and chocolate this morning and was crying. My vision is typically worse in the morning and if I've had refined sugar. So I figured this was a good conservative time to test my vision. Tested. It is time. Now using for close-up glasses:

OD/Right: -3.00 sphere, -1.50 cylinder, 171 axis

OS/Left: -2.75 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

===July2022===

====Bike trip ends====

Using borrowed tv screen as monitor. Quit all refined sugar again.

====Bike trip review====

Didn't make any changes while bicycling. Rode my bike a bunch, used the laptop a bunch. Got a bit of a tan. Ate a TON of junk food. ALLLlll the sugary things. Traveled maybe 2,000 miles.

===March 2022===

====Bicycle trip starts====

This is when I left on a bicycle trip. I'm getting lots of sunshine and outdoor time. This is a dramatic change from my winter habits this year, so I won't make any changes to my glasses at this time.

Abandoned keyboard and mouse, no room to pack 'em.
===January 26, 2022===

====Found a free keyboard and mouse.====

Now I can get my laptop further away from my lap. Only problem is, I just switched to new normalized glasses a few days ago! So I am concerned about effectively changing two focal planes at once. Oh well. Will try to be conservative about where I set my computer, while still getting in the habit of using the keyboard and mouse.

In short, I have to be cautious about not effectively changing two focal planes at once.
===January 22, 2022===
====normal glasses - black frames====
OD/right: -4.25 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 171 axis

OS/left: -4 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

=== November 7, 2021===
====Normal glasses====

Couldn't find my original prescription when I wanted to change glasses from my close-ups (differentials) so I decided it was time to switch to my first normalized glasses. It feels like it has been about a month. I also received my over-the-glasses sunglasses yesterday!

:OD/Right -4.50 sphere, -1.50 cylinder, 171 axis

:OS/Left -4.25 sphere,-1.75 cylinder, 176 axis
Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index
===Mid-October 2021===
====[https://wiki.endmyopia.org/wiki/Differentials Close-ups] - blue frames====
:OD/Right: -3.25 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 171 axis

:OS/Left: -3 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

:Zenni frame 411516 because it's got half a dozen colors so I can keep track of new glasses easier, and it's the cheapest metal frames they sell. These frames are blue.
Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

===Mid-September 2021===

====End Myopia discovery====
: Found endmyopia.org somewhere. I had been looking for wrap-around sunglasses that would work with my prescription, which was apparently not in "cheap sunglasses on Zenni" territory.

====Eating more fiber====
: Figured out I can get most of my vitamins and minerals from 2 cups cooked greens and a can of beans every day. My fiber intake just went up dramatically and permanently.

===July 2021===
====Prescription====
:Right: -4.75 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 171 axis

:Left: -4.5 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

===January(ish) 2020===

====Checkup====
:Talked optometrist into just checking eye health. Eye health was fine.
===June 2019===

====Quit refined sugar====

:Did someone refine the fiber out? I won't eat it. Juice? Unacceptable. Honey? Refined by bees. Maple syrup? Sure, if I'm gnawing on a maple tree. Cane sugar? Sure, if I'm eating the cane alone with it. And so forth.

:NOTE: This took me 20 years of effort before it finally stuck. If at first you don't succeed, try, try, and try again. I get refined sugar on my birthdays.

===July 2018===
====Prescription====
:OD: -5 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 175 axis

:OS: -4.5 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 175 axis
1.61 Blokz Photochromic - Gray

===May 2011===

====Prescription====
:OD: -5 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 168 axis

:OS: -4.5 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 175 axis
===Early 1990s===

Kept forgetting my glasses at home and not being able to see the blackboard clearly from the first row. Annoyed teacher told me I needed to start remembering to bring my glasses. This is when I started wearing glasses full time.

===Late 1980s===

'''I was warned.''' When I was given my first pair of glasses, I was told, repeatedly, ''don't wear these glasses when you don't need them.'' I was living in England at the time. Not sure if it was an English doctor or a US military doctor. In my medical records, my early glasses are "for distance only".

==Why I'm here==
At this point, just habit. Also people with low-to-no myopia are less prone to retinal detachment. Eye problems run in my family. I figure I should do what I can to keep my eyesight in working order.

Things I'd like to be able to see clearly without glasses again:
* the stars

* my toes

==My friends on the Wiki (add yourself!)==

[[User:Kg6gfq|Kg6gfq]]

==Leave a message ==
You won't find me on the EndMyopia forum. But you can leave me an eyeballs-related message here!

Glad you had a good trip! -snax 8/1/22

User:Angel

2023-03-10T01:35:08Z

Angel: /* Prescription */

==Guides==

* [https://losetheglasses.org/cliffgnu-vision.pdf The No Bulls#*t <nowiki>[oversimplified]</nowiki> Guide to Vision Improvement] by C. G. Hayes

* [https://www.visionsofjoy.org/pdfs/OrfieldSeeingSpace.pdf Seeing Space: Undergoing Brain Reprogramming to Reduce Myopia] by Antonia Marie Orfield (1994); [https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/bostonglobe/name/antonia-orfield-obituary?id=24225499 Author's obituary]

==Anticipated Glasses Future==

===Next glasses ===

====normal/normalized glasses will be brown frames====

OD/Right: -4.00 sphere, -1.50 cylinder, 171 axis

OS/Left: -3.75 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

====closeup/differential glasses====
???

==My Glasses History==

I figured I should track this somewhere and maybe someday I will make enough progress that this level of detail will be interesting to someone besides me. Or maybe just knowing my context is useful. Also adding other non-glasses stuff that could be relevant.

===March 2023===
====Prescription====
"You have excellent focus for someone your age." No cataracts or glaucoma. Dry eyes. Eat walnuts (or other omegas), eat more fiber, drink more water. (Or get Blink Tears or Systane Ultra but don't touch anything that claims to get rid of red eyes.)

:Right/OD: -4.50 sphere, -1.25 cylinder, 170 axis
:Left/OS: -4.00 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 177 axis

===October 7, 2022===

====[https://wiki.endmyopia.org/wiki/Differentials Close-ups] - gold frames====

Had some icecream last night and chocolate this morning and was crying. My vision is typically worse in the morning and if I've had refined sugar. So I figured this was a good conservative time to test my vision. Tested. It is time. Now using for close-up glasses:

OD/Right: -3.00 sphere, -1.50 cylinder, 171 axis

OS/Left: -2.75 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

===July2022===

====Bike trip ends====

Using borrowed tv screen as monitor. Quit all refined sugar again.

====Bike trip review====

Didn't make any changes while bicycling. Rode my bike a bunch, used the laptop a bunch. Got a bit of a tan. Ate a TON of junk food. ALLLlll the sugary things. Traveled maybe 2,000 miles.

===March 2022===

====Bicycle trip starts====

This is when I left on a bicycle trip. I'm getting lots of sunshine and outdoor time. This is a dramatic change from my winter habits this year, so I won't make any changes to my glasses at this time.

Abandoned keyboard and mouse, no room to pack 'em.
===January 26, 2022===

====Found a free keyboard and mouse.====

Now I can get my laptop further away from my lap. Only problem is, I just switched to new normalized glasses a few days ago! So I am concerned about effectively changing two focal planes at once. Oh well. Will try to be conservative about where I set my computer, while still getting in the habit of using the keyboard and mouse.

In short, I have to be cautious about not effectively changing two focal planes at once.
===January 22, 2022===
====normal glasses - black frames====
OD/right: -4.25 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 171 axis

OS/left: -4 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

=== November 7, 2021===
====Normal glasses====

Couldn't find my original prescription when I wanted to change glasses from my close-ups (differentials) so I decided it was time to switch to my first normalized glasses. It feels like it has been about a month. I also received my over-the-glasses sunglasses yesterday!

:OD/Right -4.50 sphere, -1.50 cylinder, 171 axis

:OS/Left -4.25 sphere,-1.75 cylinder, 176 axis
Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index
===Mid-October 2021===
====[https://wiki.endmyopia.org/wiki/Differentials Close-ups] - blue frames====
:OD/Right: -3.25 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 171 axis

:OS/Left: -3 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

:Zenni frame 411516 because it's got half a dozen colors so I can keep track of new glasses easier, and it's the cheapest metal frames they sell. These frames are blue.
Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

===Mid-September 2021===

====End Myopia discovery====
: Found endmyopia.org somewhere. I had been looking for wrap-around sunglasses that would work with my prescription, which was apparently not in "cheap sunglasses on Zenni" territory.

====Eating more fiber====
: Figured out I can get most of my vitamins and minerals from 2 cups cooked greens and a can of beans every day. My fiber intake just went up dramatically and permanently.

===July 2021===
====Prescription====
:Right: -4.75 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 171 axis

:Left: -4.5 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

===January(ish) 2020===

====Checkup====
:Talked optometrist into just checking eye health. Eye health was fine.
===June 2019===

====Quit refined sugar====

:Did someone refine the fiber out? I won't eat it. Juice? Unacceptable. Honey? Refined by bees. Maple syrup? Sure, if I'm gnawing on a maple tree. Cane sugar? Sure, if I'm eating the cane alone with it. And so forth.

:NOTE: This took me 20 years of effort before it finally stuck. If at first you don't succeed, try, try, and try again. I get refined sugar on my birthdays.

===July 2018===
====Prescription====
:OD: -5 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 175 axis

:OS: -4.5 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 175 axis
1.61 Blokz Photochromic - Gray

===May 2011===

====Prescription====
:OD: -5 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 168 axis

:OS: -4.5 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 175 axis
===Early 1990s===

Kept forgetting my glasses at home and not being able to see the blackboard clearly from the first row. Annoyed teacher told me I needed to start remembering to bring my glasses. This is when I started wearing glasses full time.

===Late 1980s===

'''I was warned.''' When I was given my first pair of glasses, I was told, repeatedly, ''don't wear these glasses when you don't need them.'' I was living in England at the time. Not sure if it was an English doctor or a US military doctor. In my medical records, my early glasses are "for distance only".

==Why I'm here==
At this point, just habit. Also people with low-to-no myopia are less prone to retinal detachment. Eye problems run in my family. I figure I should do what I can to keep my eyesight in working order.

Things I'd like to be able to see clearly without glasses again:
* the stars

* my toes

==My friends on the Wiki (add yourself!)==

[[User:Kg6gfq|Kg6gfq]]

==Leave a message ==
You won't find me on the EndMyopia forum. But you can leave me an eyeballs-related message here!

Glad you had a good trip! -snax 8/1/22

User:Angel

2023-03-10T01:09:44Z

Angel: updated prescription - Also this eye dr wears office glasses like they do in Europe

==Guides==

* [https://losetheglasses.org/cliffgnu-vision.pdf The No Bulls#*t <nowiki>[oversimplified]</nowiki> Guide to Vision Improvement] by C. G. Hayes

* [https://www.visionsofjoy.org/pdfs/OrfieldSeeingSpace.pdf Seeing Space: Undergoing Brain Reprogramming to Reduce Myopia] by Antonia Marie Orfield (1994); [https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/bostonglobe/name/antonia-orfield-obituary?id=24225499 Author's obituary]

==Anticipated Glasses Future==

===Next glasses ===

====normal/normalized glasses will be brown frames====

OD/Right: -4.00 sphere, -1.50 cylinder, 171 axis

OS/Left: -3.75 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

====closeup/differential glasses====
???

==My Glasses History==

I figured I should track this somewhere and maybe someday I will make enough progress that this level of detail will be interesting to someone besides me. Or maybe just knowing my context is useful. Also adding other non-glasses stuff that could be relevant.

===March 2023===
====Prescription====
"You have excellent focus for someone your age"
:Right/OD: -4.50 sphere, -1.25 cylinder, 170 axis
:Left/OS: -4.00 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 177 axis

===October 7, 2022===

====[https://wiki.endmyopia.org/wiki/Differentials Close-ups] - gold frames====

Had some icecream last night and chocolate this morning and was crying. My vision is typically worse in the morning and if I've had refined sugar. So I figured this was a good conservative time to test my vision. Tested. It is time. Now using for close-up glasses:

OD/Right: -3.00 sphere, -1.50 cylinder, 171 axis

OS/Left: -2.75 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

===July2022===

====Bike trip ends====

Using borrowed tv screen as monitor. Quit all refined sugar again.

====Bike trip review====

Didn't make any changes while bicycling. Rode my bike a bunch, used the laptop a bunch. Got a bit of a tan. Ate a TON of junk food. ALLLlll the sugary things. Traveled maybe 2,000 miles.

===March 2022===

====Bicycle trip starts====

This is when I left on a bicycle trip. I'm getting lots of sunshine and outdoor time. This is a dramatic change from my winter habits this year, so I won't make any changes to my glasses at this time.

Abandoned keyboard and mouse, no room to pack 'em.
===January 26, 2022===

====Found a free keyboard and mouse.====

Now I can get my laptop further away from my lap. Only problem is, I just switched to new normalized glasses a few days ago! So I am concerned about effectively changing two focal planes at once. Oh well. Will try to be conservative about where I set my computer, while still getting in the habit of using the keyboard and mouse.

In short, I have to be cautious about not effectively changing two focal planes at once.
===January 22, 2022===
====normal glasses - black frames====
OD/right: -4.25 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 171 axis

OS/left: -4 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

=== November 7, 2021===
====Normal glasses====

Couldn't find my original prescription when I wanted to change glasses from my close-ups (differentials) so I decided it was time to switch to my first normalized glasses. It feels like it has been about a month. I also received my over-the-glasses sunglasses yesterday!

:OD/Right -4.50 sphere, -1.50 cylinder, 171 axis

:OS/Left -4.25 sphere,-1.75 cylinder, 176 axis
Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index
===Mid-October 2021===
====[https://wiki.endmyopia.org/wiki/Differentials Close-ups] - blue frames====
:OD/Right: -3.25 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 171 axis

:OS/Left: -3 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

:Zenni frame 411516 because it's got half a dozen colors so I can keep track of new glasses easier, and it's the cheapest metal frames they sell. These frames are blue.
Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

===Mid-September 2021===

====End Myopia discovery====
: Found endmyopia.org somewhere. I had been looking for wrap-around sunglasses that would work with my prescription, which was apparently not in "cheap sunglasses on Zenni" territory.

====Eating more fiber====
: Figured out I can get most of my vitamins and minerals from 2 cups cooked greens and a can of beans every day. My fiber intake just went up dramatically and permanently.

===July 2021===
====Prescription====
:Right: -4.75 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 171 axis

:Left: -4.5 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

===January(ish) 2020===

====Checkup====
:Talked optometrist into just checking eye health. Eye health was fine.
===June 2019===

====Quit refined sugar====

:Did someone refine the fiber out? I won't eat it. Juice? Unacceptable. Honey? Refined by bees. Maple syrup? Sure, if I'm gnawing on a maple tree. Cane sugar? Sure, if I'm eating the cane alone with it. And so forth.

:NOTE: This took me 20 years of effort before it finally stuck. If at first you don't succeed, try, try, and try again. I get refined sugar on my birthdays.

===July 2018===
====Prescription====
:OD: -5 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 175 axis

:OS: -4.5 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 175 axis
1.61 Blokz Photochromic - Gray

===May 2011===

====Prescription====
:OD: -5 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 168 axis

:OS: -4.5 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 175 axis
===Early 1990s===

Kept forgetting my glasses at home and not being able to see the blackboard clearly from the first row. Annoyed teacher told me I needed to start remembering to bring my glasses. This is when I started wearing glasses full time.

===Late 1980s===

'''I was warned.''' When I was given my first pair of glasses, I was told, repeatedly, ''don't wear these glasses when you don't need them.'' I was living in England at the time. Not sure if it was an English doctor or a US military doctor. In my medical records, my early glasses are "for distance only".

==Why I'm here==
At this point, just habit. Also people with low-to-no myopia are less prone to retinal detachment. Eye problems run in my family. I figure I should do what I can to keep my eyesight in working order.

Things I'd like to be able to see clearly without glasses again:
* the stars

* my toes

==My friends on the Wiki (add yourself!)==

[[User:Kg6gfq|Kg6gfq]]

==Leave a message ==
You won't find me on the EndMyopia forum. But you can leave me an eyeballs-related message here!

Glad you had a good trip! -snax 8/1/22

Clinical Studies

2022-11-02T15:39:09Z

Angel: /* From Discord or the wiki */

Below you can find many third party clinical studies on the progression of myopia and how myopia may be reversed.
==Causes of Myopia==
===Lens induced myopia (LIM) & axial length change in humans===
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20592235/ ''"Significant changes in optical axial length occurred in human subjects after 60 minutes of monocular defocus."'' IOVS, 2010]
*[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-65151-5 ''"The human eye is able to discern the sign of defocus within minutes after exposure to blur and make changes in its axial length in a direction to reduce the amount of retinal blur"'', Scientific Reports, 2020]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16505066/ ''"During relatively short periods of accommodative stimulation, axial length increases in ... young adults"'', IOVS, 2006]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20562668/ ''"The eye undergoes a significant axial elongation associated with a brief period of accommodation..."'', OVS, 2010]
*[https://endmyopia.org/dr-morgan-dr-megaw-preventing-axial-elongation-and-the-development-of-myopia/ ''"It is therefore clear that preventive approaches need to concentrate on measures that prevent or reduce axial elongation, since this would result in a reduction in both the need for refractive correction and the long-term pathological outcomes"'', Acad Med Singapore, 2004]
*[https://endmyopia.org/glasses-make-your-eyes-grow-not-in-a-good-way/ ''"Refractive correction of myopia will lead to accelerated progression"'', OPO, 2007]
*[https://endmyopia.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/The_progression_of_corrected_myopia_with_pages_as_published_clean_10.1007_s00417-015-2991-5.pdf ''"Continuous correction of myopia results in a linear progression that increases myopia..."'', GACEO, 2015]
*[https://europepmc.org/article/med/3688185''"...A reduction in the axial length of the adult eye serves as an emmetropizing mechanism..."'', AJOPO, 1987]
*[https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2711345''"...This study found that small but significant bi-directional changes in SFCT (Sub-Foveal Choroidal Thickening) were caused by retinal defocus in healthy presbyopic subjects aged 50 to 67 years of age...."'', IOVS, 2018]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26010292/''"Small but significant changes in SFCT (Sub-Foveal Choroidal Thickening) (5-8%) were caused by retinal defocus. ."'', OPO, 2015]

===Lens induced myopia (LIM) & axial length change in animals===
*[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1475-1313.1997.97000033.x ''"Extrapolation of these (animal) findings to humans predicts that natural emmetropization (normal eye development) will be inhibited...by early intervention with prescription lenses..."'' OPO, 2007]
*[https://endmyopia.org/can-axial-length-be-reduced-for-less-myopia/ ''"It has been suggested that environmental factors such as extensive near work act as triggers of myopia....The expression of AL (Axial Length) genes activated by environmental factors leads to the elongation of AL (Axial Length)."'' Ophthalmologica, 2011]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23557736/ ''"Hyperopic defocus accelerated vitreous chamber elongation (Axial Length) and produced myopic shifts in refractive error...Following lens removal, the...monkeys recovered from the induced myopia..."'' IOVS, 2013]
*[https://endmyopia.org/eyes-in-various-species-can-shorten-to-compensate-for-myopic-defocus/ ''"We demonstrated that eyes of young animals of various species (chick, tree shrew, marmoset, and rhesus macaque) can shorten in the axial dimension in response to myopic defocus."'' IOVS, 2013]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7839608/ ''"The chick eye is able to change its refractive state by as much as 7 D by pushing the retina forward or pulling it back (when stimulated by lense use)..."'' VR, 1995]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18791175/ ''"Chicks' eyes rapidly compensate for defocus imposed by spectacle lenses...The complex etiology (cause) of human myopia may reflect these temporal properties."'' IOVS, 2009]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12445851/ ''"If the effective focal length of a growing eye is modified by spectacle lenses, the eye compensates by altering its growth, thereby keeping images in focus..."'' VR, 2002]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15980206/ ''"In a matter of minutes, the eye can know which way to grow..."'' IOVS, 2005]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10343811/ ''"...spectacle lenses could predictably alter the growth of...eyes resulting in ... refractive changes in both the hyperopic and myopic directions."'' VR, 1999]

===Nearwork-Induced Transient Myopia (NITM) & Nearwork Causing Permanent Myopia (PM)===
*[https://endmyopia.org/us-national-academy-of-sciences-near-work-causes-myopia/''"Today there no longer seems to be any question that nearwork is a causal factor for myopia. "'' The Lancet, 2000]
*[https://www.aoa.org/healthy-eyes/eye-and-vision-conditions/myopia?sso=y''"People who do an excessive amount of near-vision work may experience a false or "pseudo" myopia...Clear distance vision usually returns after resting the eyes. However, constant visual stress may lead to a permanent reduction in distance vision over time. "'' American Optometric Association]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22943873/''"Near work which is a primary, environmentally based factor in the development and progression of permanent myopia (PM) may take effect via near work-induced transient myopia (NITM)."'' ZYJZZ, 2012]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18339041/''"...based on recent converging evidence from clinical, laboratory and modelling studies, a five-fold argument will be advanced for a possible link between PM (Permanent Myopia) and NITM (Nearwork-Induced Transient Myopia)."'' OPO, 2008]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26244865/''"Continuous reading, close distances of reading, television viewing... and use of fluorescent desk light were significantly associated with myopia... which indicates that visual behaviors and environments may be important factors mediating the effects of near work on myopia.."'' PLoS, 2015]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32075819/''"The current study provides novel evidence, based on objective data, to support the association between the intensity of near work, light intensity and myopia..."'' BrJO, 2020]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18579757/''"Near work such as close reading distance (< 30 cm) and continuous reading (> 30 minutes) independently increased the odds of having myopia in this sample of children."'' IOVS, 2008]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23187872/''"The purpose of the present study was to...investigate the possible relation between NITM (Nearwork-Induced Transient Myopia) and PM (Permanent Myopia); and to determine the possible associations with NITM "'' IOVS, 2008]

==Reversing Myopia==
===Outdoor time & distance vision===
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20592235/ ''"It is now well established that spending more time outdoors during childhood lowers the risk of developing myopia..."'' BrJO, 2020]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18294691/ ''"Outdoor activity reduces the prevalence of myopia in children."'' Opthamology, 2008]
*[https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/139488/1/1-s2.0-S1350946217300393-main.pdf''"The most immediate path to myopia prevention in schools is to increase the amount of time that children spend outdoors within school hours"'' PRES, 2018]
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5233810/''"..VL (Violet Light) is one of the important outdoor environmental factors for myopia control...VL exposure can be a preventive strategy against myopia progression"'' EBioMedecine, 2017]

===Using reduced or no lenses (myopic defocus)===
*[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-65151-5''"The human eye is capable of responding to the presence of blur by changing its axial length, so that the retina moves towards the defocused image plane (using reduced lenses)...These findings provide evidence that the human eye is able to detect and respond to the presence (using reduced lenses)... of blur within minutes."'' Scientific Reports, 2020]

*[https://endmyopia.org/another-study-glasses-cause-rapid-myopia-progression-in-children/''"Our findings suggest that myopic defocus (using reduced lenses) slows the progression of myopia in already myopic children, supporting previous findings from animal studies..."'' IOVS, 2004]
*[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1475-1313.2008.00608.x''"Compared with SV lenses (Normal Glasses), myopia progression was found to be retarded by PALs (Bifocals / Reduced Lenses) to some extent in Chinese children"'' OPO, 2008]
*[https://endmyopia.org/shots-in-the-dark-clinical-myopia-studies/ ''"Results of this study suggest that such children, if myopic, may have an additional benefit of slowed progression of myopia."'' IOVS, 2004]
*[https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2189093&resultClick=1 ''"Eyes of chick, tree shrew, marmoset, and rhesus macaque can shorten axially when presented with myopic defocus...Implications for human myopia control are significant."'' IOVS, 2013]
*[https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2393165 ''"The results suggest that imposed peripheral myopic defocus (reduced lense use) may be able to be used to control on–axis axial elongation (myopia progression)..."'' GACEO, 2017]

===Active Focus (accomodative training or accomodative facility training)===
*[https://endmyopia.org/active-focus-does-it-actually-work-clinical-science/ ''"Training of the accommodative system (active focus)...resulted in improved dynamics...This is consistent with earlier reports in the literature of improvements..."'' OVS, 2009]
*[https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Changes-in-dynamics-of-accommodation-after-facility-Allen-Charman/bb8e6b6b3e843c144582532d3bdbcfba520eba72''"This study evaluates the effect of accommodative facility training (active focus) in myopes and emmetropes (normal sighted)....The results showed that training (active focus) improved the facility rate (results) in both groups..."'' VR, 2010]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10947012/''"These results suggest that accommodative facility training (active focus) is an efficient method built on loss of symptoms among children..."'' DO, 1999]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11727875/''"The result of this study indicates that accommodative facility training (active focus) has a real effect on the amplitude of relative accommodation in patients with impaired relative accommodation..."'' OPO, 2001]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3631199/''"This experiment shows the effectiveness of automated accommodative training (active focus) in reducing asthenopia (eye strain) and improving accommodative facility."'' AmJOPO, 1987]

==LASIK==
A good resource for information about [[LASIK]]: [https://lasikcomplications.com/ lasikcomplications.com]
* [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.5301/ejo.5000025 Less than 20% of people with 10+ diopters will be below 1 diopter just 3 years after LASIK]

==Articles==

===From the blog===
These are blog articles on EndMyopia about clinical studies, but not clinical studies themselves. You may find them interesting. Also see [https://endmyopia.org/category/science/ the science category].

*[https://endmyopia.org/dr-morgan-dr-megaw-preventing-axial-elongation-and-the-development-of-myopia/ what we know about axial elongation of the eye, and its role in the development of myopia (dissertation)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/your-eyes-are-direct-access-to-your-brain-blue-light-reverses-amnesia/ in some cases, memories that are lost due to brain trauma may still be present in the human brain. (animal testing)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/shots-in-the-dark-clinical-myopia-studies/ studies that have considered the negative impact of minus lens use for close-up, and looked into smarter alternatives to “minus for everything”.]
*[https://endmyopia.org/the-role-of-contrast-adaptation-in-myopia-development-reversal/ The Role Of Contrast Adaptation In Myopia Development & Reversal]
*[https://endmyopia.org/no-more-surgery-a-new-eye-drop-dissolves-cataracts/ Researchers in the US have developed a new drug that can be delivered directly into the eye via an eye dropper to shrink down and dissolve cataracts – the leading cause of blindness in humans. (animal testing) (2015)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/the-1960s-harvard-pirate-kitten-experiment-an-unused-eye-goes-blind/ Back in the 1960’s this guy Torsten Wiesel from the Harvard Medical School’s department of neurobiology ran an experiment on kittens. (animal testing)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/forget-thick-contacts-get-thinner-contact-lenses/ On contact lenses]
*[https://endmyopia.org/sugar-risk-diabetic-retinopathy/ Diabetic retinopathy. Or, how your eating habits can take you straight into one of the leading causes of adult blindness.]
*[https://endmyopia.org/glasses-make-your-eyes-grow-not-in-a-good-way/ wearing glasses to correct myopia, will create more myopia.]
*[https://endmyopia.org/steroids-to-boost-dynamic-visual-acuity/ Dynamic Visual Acuity]
*[https://endmyopia.org/night-blindness-seeing-well-bright-vs-dim-light/ Night blindness]
*[https://endmyopia.org/us-national-academy-of-sciences-near-work-causes-myopia/ Near Work Causes Myopia (USNAS)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/lens-induced-myopia-investigative-ophthalmology/ Lens-Induced Myopia]
*[https://endmyopia.org/can-axial-length-be-reduced-for-less-myopia/ Can Axial Length Be Reduced For Less Myopia?]
*[https://endmyopia.org/bi-focal-contact-lenses-for-myopia-control/ Bi-Focal Contact Lenses For Myopia Control]
*[https://endmyopia.org/monkey-see-monkey-do/ Negative lens-induced myopia in infant monkeys: effects of high ambient lighting (animal study)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/breaking-science-discovers-the-cause-of-nearsightedness/ Myopia starts with environmental stimulus, in particular extended close-up focus.]
*[https://endmyopia.org/eye-drop-warning-avoid-benzalkonium-chloride/ Eye Drop Warning: Avoid Benzalkonium Chloride]

*[https://endmyopia.org/the-hong-kong-myopia-epidemic/ The Hong Kong Myopia Epidemic]
*[https://endmyopia.org/the-unstoppable-global-myopia-epidemic-doubles-again/ incidence of childhood myopia among American children has more than doubled over the last 50 years]
*[https://endmyopia.org/glasses-cause-serious-psychological-stress-in-children/ Psychological Stress in Childhood and Myopia Development (OVPJournal)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/cruel-cruel-winter/ Unless you find uncle Jake’s myopia rehab facility, you’re in the lens manufacturer’s drug dealing pocket for life.] (no paper)
*[https://endmyopia.org/improved-glaucoma-detection-singapore-study/ you can reduce your risk of the most common forms of glaucoma]
*[https://endmyopia.org/eyes-in-various-species-can-shorten-to-compensate-for-myopic-defocus/ Eyes in Various Species Can Shorten to Compensate for Myopic Defocus] and [https://endmyopia.org/three-mammals-and-a-bird/ commentary by contributing optometrist] (animal studies)
*[https://endmyopia.org/study-bifocal-contact-lenses-for-myopia-control/ Bifocal contacts control myopia progression better than multifocal spectacles]
*[https://endmyopia.org/geeks-retina-its-own-sensorimotor-apparatus/ A Sensorimotor Account Of Vision And Visual Consciousness (philosophy paper)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/contrast-sensitivity/ contrast sensitivity (no paper)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/is-going-outside-the-cure-for-myopia/ why outdoor time won’t magically prevent myopia onset]
*[https://endmyopia.org/singapore-ophthalmologist-insists-glasses-dont-cause-myopia/ glasses cause more myopia, faster]
*https://endmyopia.org/peripheral-vision-loss/
*https://endmyopia.org/allan-hytowitz-genius-innovator-or-dangerous-heretic/
*https://endmyopia.org/this-woman-sees-99-million-more-colors-than-you/
*https://endmyopia.org/neural-response-to-flicker-rates-artificial-light-causes-myopia/
*https://endmyopia.org/ophthalmology-science-glasses-cause-myopia-period/
*https://endmyopia.org/coopervision-misight-contact-lenses-breakthrough-myopia-control/
*https://endmyopia.org/myopia-madness-glasses-way-strong/
*https://endmyopia.org/retail-optometry-even-science/
*https://endmyopia.org/eye-uses-chromatic-aberration-to-guide-axial-change/
*https://endmyopia.org/american-journal-of-optometry-adult-reduction-in-axial-length/
*https://endmyopia.org/studies-does-undercorrection-cause-more-myopia/
*https://endmyopia.org/science-confirms-human-eye-axial-length-change-lens-use/
*https://endmyopia.org/another-study-glasses-cause-rapid-myopia-progression-in-children/
*https://endmyopia.org/active-focus-does-it-actually-work-clinical-science/
*https://endmyopia.org/refractive-error-myopia-concept/
*https://endmyopia.org/shocking-news-not-all-ophthalmologists-are-retarded/
*https://endmyopia.org/optics-diopters-all-the-nerdy-maths/
*https://endmyopia.org/astigmatism-part-of-natural-focus-understanding-the-brains-autofocus-mechanism/
*https://endmyopia.org/can-this-tiny-piece-of-paper-replace-your-optometrist/
*https://endmyopia.org/why-is-my-eyesight-worse-in-low-light-indoors-dusk-night-time/
*https://endmyopia.org/study-outdoor-activity-reduces-myopia-onset-in-children/
*https://endmyopia.org/study-failure-to-discuss-myopia-control-verging-on-negligent/
*https://endmyopia.org/why-you-are-nearsighted-an-animation/
===From the forum===

Here are papers people have mentioned on the forum:

* [https://www.visionsofjoy.org/pdfs/OrfieldSeeingSpace.pdf Seeing Space: Undergoing Brain Reprogramming to Reduce Myopia] by Antonia Marie Orfield (1994); [https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/bostonglobe/name/antonia-orfield-obituary?id=24225499 Author's obituary]

*[https://community.endmyopia.org/t/showdown-experiment-will-enough-outdoor-vision-shorten-my-eyes/6423/200 a paper which tries to model how the human (and generally mammalian) eyes focus on objects (animal study)] [https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2011/10/deciphering-brains-autofocus-mechanism (short article)], [https://www.pnas.org/content/108/40/16849 (full paper)]
*[https://community.endmyopia.org/t/been-to-the-opto-but-with-unexpecting-results-glaucoma/5203/5 a proto-endmyopia thing] [https://the-eye.eu/public/concen.org/Five_Health_Classics/BENJAMIN%2C%20Harry%20-%20Better%20Sight%20Without%20Glasses%20%281962%29.pdf (here is the direct link to an old book, start with page 102.)]
*[https://community.endmyopia.org/t/been-to-the-opto-but-with-unexpecting-results-glaucoma/5203/19 If you have glaucoma, try vitamin b3] (Clin & Exp Ophtalm. Sept. 2020, doi: 10.1111/ceo.13818)
*[https://community.endmyopia.org/t/my-journey-from-4-25-halmadavid/5080/245 Probability of myopia in children with high refined carbohydrates consumption in France] [https://bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12886-020-01602-x (direct link to research article)]
*[https://community.endmyopia.org/t/doubts-about-the-need-for-outdoors-and-avoiding-screen-time/8940/18 on the effects of outdoor light on myopia progression] [https://www.nature.com/articles/519276a (direct link to article)]
* [http://www.myopia.org/bifocals.htm Bifocal Control of Myopia study by Oakley and Young, 1975.]
*[https://community.endmyopia.org/uploads/short-url/2WB7z5dmF3Rk7tdwlslsf9zcwh0.pdf Visual Conditions of Symphony Musicians]

* a bunch at [https://community.endmyopia.org/t/better-than-eye-chart/15290/11 Better than eye chart?] [https://www.dyop.info/documents/Measuring_Visual_Cylinder_and_Axis_with_a_Dyop.pdf (pdf)], [https://www.bitchute.com/video/yPeGRG4qWQsi/ (visual acuity testing demo)], [https://www.dyop.info/documents/How_We_See.pdf (how we see pdf)], [https://www.dyop.info/documents/Snellen_vs_Dyop-Cataracts_Gordon.pdf (pdf)], [https://www.dyop.info/documents/Snellen_vs_Dyop_Refractions-Sanni.pdf (pdf)], [https://www.dyop.info/documents/Dyslexia_and_Color_Perception-SandraStark.pdf (pdf)], [https://www.dyop.info/documents/Which_Optotype_Are_You_Using.pdf (pdf)], etc. Discussion is about a proprietary tool that works better than the Snellen chart.
===From Discord or the wiki===

* [https://ia803109.us.archive.org/32/items/BETTERSIGHTWITHOUTGLASSESHarryBenjamin/BETTER%20SIGHT%20WITHOUT%20GLASSES%20harry%20benjamin.pdf Better sight without glasses by Dr. Harry Benjamin] (pdf) (related to [[Bates Method]], first published 1929)
[[Category:Articles]]
* a [https://github.com/kevindirect/papers-medbio/tree/master/conditions/opthamology/vision/myopia/papers collection of papers] on accommodation, defocus, lifestyle, miscellaneous, and myopia

Dr. Carr

2022-10-31T17:44:34Z

Angel:

Leading expert on myopia. Co-authored '''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470669/ The Science Behind Myopia]''' has much to say about endmyopia.

A member of the endmyopia forum emailed leading myopia researcher Dr Brittany J. Carr asking for her opinion on endmyopia. She responded in great detail quoting many statements on the endmyopia website.

The website mentions that even in high myopia above -6D one can have as little as 1mm axial elongation and most of the myopia could be near-induced transient myopia; however, Dr Carr argues that even 1mm change can be quite significant considering the very thin delicate retinal tissue.

Dr Carr also states that the axial reduction that naturally happens over age is likely due to shallowing of the cornea. Quoting another statement, she adds that "there is no debate for environmental influences on vision among myopia scientists, optometrists, or ophthalmologists. We all accept this as fact." and also agrees that "'''Yes, the eye absolutely can respond to blur in both directions and regulate its growth'''".

Further she adds that she aligns completely with the ideology that environment stimuli are as much relevant to myopia progression and development as is genetics if not more important. However, she also says that the maximum response to these stimuli is during childhood.

Before closing up she mentions that certain drugs can temporarily change axial length, eye exercises can help those who have near work and stress-related eye problems and that optometrists can in fact overprescribe on accident. She also mentions the concept of blur tolerance in the context of non-refraction related changes or improvements in vision.

The member who had posted the thread accepted that they should have added more resources and explained a few other EM topics like the use of [[differentials]] and [[normalized]] glasses. They believe that there might be some level of misunderstanding or lack of clarity between them and Dr Carr. The commenters also agree to this and conclude that there is a need to make EM more advertise friendly.

Dr. Carr

2022-10-31T17:37:26Z

Angel:

Leading expert on myopia. Co-authored '''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470669/ The Science Behind Myopia]''' has much to say about endmyopia.

A member of the endmyopia forum emailed leading myopia researcher Dr Brittany J. Carr asking for her opinion on endmyopia. She responded in great detail quoting many statements on the endmyopia website.

The website mentions that even in high myopia above -6D one can have as little as 1mm axial elongation and most of the myopia could be near-induced transient myopia; however, Dr Carr argues that even 1mm change can be quite significant considering the very thin delicate retinal tissue.

Dr Carr also states that the axial reduction that naturally happens over age is likely due to shallowing of the cornea. Quoting another statement, she adds that "there is no debate for environmental influences on vision among myopia scientists, optometrists, or ophthalmologists. We all accept this as fact." and also agrees that "'''Yes, the eye absolutely can respond to blur in both directions and regulate its growth'''".

Further she adds that she aligns completely with the ideology that environment stimuli are as much relevant to myopia progression and development as is genetics if not more important. However, she also says that the maximum response to these stimuli is during childhood.

Before closing up she mentions that certain drugs can temporarily change axial length, eye exercises can help those who have near work and stress related eye problems and that optometrists can in fact over prescribe on accident. She also mentions the concept of blur tolerance in context to non-refraction related changes or improvements in vision.

The member who had posted the thread accepted that they should have added more resources and explained a few other EM topics like the use of differentials and normalized glasses. They believe that there might be some level of misunderstanding or lack of clarity between them and Dr Carr. The commenters also agree to this and conclude that there is a need to make EM more advertise friendly.

Dr. Carr

2022-10-31T17:35:50Z

Angel:

Leading expert on myopia. Co-authored '''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470669/ The Science Behind Myopia]''' has much to say about endmyopia.

A member of the endmyopia forum emailed leading myopia researcher Dr Brittany J. Carr asking for her opinion on endmyopia. She responded in great detail quoting many statements on the endmyopia website.

The website mentions that even in high myopia above -6D one can have as little as 1mm axial elongation and most of the myopia could be near-induced transient myopia; however, Dr Carr argues that even 1mm change can be quite significant considering the very thin delicate retinal tissue.

Dr Carr also states that the axial reduction that naturally happens over age is likely due to shallowing of the cornea. Quoting another statement, she adds that "there is no debate for environmental influences on vision among myopia scientists, optometrists, or ophthalmologists. We all accept this as fact." and also agrees that "Yes, the eye absolutely can respond to blur in both directions and regulate its growth".

Further she adds that she aligns completely with the ideology that environment stimuli are as much relevant to myopia progression and development as is genetics if not more important. However, she also says that the maximum response to these stimuli is during childhood.

Before closing up she mentions that certain drugs can temporarily change axial length, eye exercises can help those who have near work and stress related eye problems and that optometrists can in fact over prescribe on accident. She also mentions the concept of blur tolerance in context to non-refraction related changes or improvements in vision.

The member who had posted the thread accepted that they should have added more resources and explained a few other EM topics like the use of differentials and normalized glasses. They believe that there might be some level of misunderstanding or lack of clarity between them and Dr Carr. The commenters also agree to this and conclude that there is a need to make EM more advertise friendly.

Dr. Carr

2022-10-31T17:34:31Z

Angel:

Leading expert on myopia. Co-authored '''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470669/ The Science Behind Myopia]''' has much to say about endmyopia.

A member of the endmyopia forum emailed leading myopia researcher Dr Brittany J. Carr asking for her opinion on endmyopia. She responded in great detail quoting many statements on the endmyopia website.

The website mentions that even in high myopia above -6D one can have as little as 1mm axial elongation and most of the myopia could be near-induced transient myopia however Dr Carr argues that even 1mm change can be quite significant considering the very thin delicate retinal tissue.

Dr Carr also states that the axial reduction that naturally happens over age is likely due to shallowing of the cornea. Quoting another statement, she adds that "there is no debate for environmental influences on vision among myopia scientists, optometrists, or ophthalmologists. We all accept this as fact." and also agrees that "Yes, the eye absolutely can respond to blur in both directions and regulate its growth".

Further she adds that she aligns completely with the ideology that environment stimuli are as much relevant to myopia progression and development as is genetics if not more important. However, she also says that the maximum response to these stimuli is during childhood.

Before closing up she mentions that certain drugs can temporarily change axial length, eye exercises can help those who have near work and stress related eye problems and that optometrists can in fact over prescribe on accident. She also mentions the concept of blur tolerance in context to non-refraction related changes or improvements in vision.

The member who had posted the thread accepted that they should have added more resources and explained a few other EM topics like the use of differentials and normalized glasses. They believe that there might be some level of misunderstanding or lack of clarity between them and Dr Carr. The commenters also agree to this and conclude that there is a need to make EM more advertise friendly.

Frequently Asked Questions/Skepticism

2022-10-25T18:27:39Z

Angel: /* How would I recognise an eyesight scam? */

{{FAQ boxes}}''''
{{clear}}
==Is EndMyopia a money making scheme?==
EndMyopia is not a money making scheme, despite what a lot of people seem to think. The way EndMyopia goes about vision improvement money making is pretty terrible, if that's what we're talking about. Expenditure is relatively high and is a net loss for Jake, as we try to get the word out there. [[BackTo20/20]] exists in part just to fund the high costs of keeping everything running.

If EndMyopia wanted to make more money, the way we preach that results are slow and take a long time should be the first to go - we should tell everyone they'll get '''FAST''' results. Also, no information for free, no free wiki or YouTube tutorials, just "trust me!" and big "Buy Now" button. This isn't the case, because EndMyopia is not a money making scheme. This entire wiki was created from the ground up by non-paid volunteers, and Jake <s>rarely if ever edits</s> [[User:Imperial-beard|doesn't edit]]. That amount of dedication is hard to come by for free on the internet, for something that doesn't work.

But hey - [[Bates method]] guys are pretty dedicated too. What do we know? 🤔

[https://endmyopia.org/is-endmyopia-all-about-making-money/ See this blog post for information about why, paid stuff might not be all that bad]
==Does Jake invest in lens manufacturing companies?==

[https://endmyopia.org/about-us/ Yes.]

==Are the bad reviews being hidden?==
The [https://uk.trustpilot.com/review/endmyopia.org TrustPilot page] is pretty impressive with mostly positive feedback.

Blog post: [https://endmyopia.org/endmyopia-bad-reviews/ Endmyopia: All The Bad Reviews O_0]

There's people who did EM and also regressed.

==Is it really possible to fix myopia?==
If you listen to us, the answer is an '''unequivocal yes'''. In the vast majority of cases, [[myopia]] is a completely reversible condition of the eye. Myopia is [[lens-induced myopia|lens-induced]] in most cases as a result of questionable optometry practices. Ever question how it's predicted half of the human population will have a severe defect (myopia) in their most important sensory organ by 2050? ''Surely it can't all be genetic...''

With that said, we recommend you do thorough research on topics around vision improvement and come to your own conclusion about whether this is all legitimate or not.
==Lowering diopters doesn’t improve eyesight?==
[https://endmyopia.org/success/ Tell that to the hundreds of people who have confirmed results with EndMyopia], the endless emails [[Jake]] receives in his inbox on a daily basis (had to hire an email manager to go through them all), and the growing number of [[List:YouTubers|YouTube channels]] with testimonials backing up what we say here.

But you're right, this is probably all some scam. A scam where we don't actually try too hard to sell you anything 🤔
==Are the EndMyopia testimonials fake?==
That's an inordinate amount of money to pay to fake that many reviews. Also add in the cost of 17,000 Facebook members (all of which ''must'' be bots), it's just an inordinate sum. '''How much money do you really think this all makes?''' Certainly not enough to purchase all of those fake reviews we're afraid 😁
==Is this based on clinical science?==
Yes. See [[clinical science]].

==Is this pseudoscience?==

Yes. Much of EndMyopia theory is based on clinical science, but the details of Jake's research on his clients are not publicly shared or published. Jake will be the first to tell you he's not an eye doctor.<ref>https://endmyopia.org/quantifying-natural-myopia-reversal-logging-tool-update/</ref>

==Is axial elongation of the eye reversible?==
* Blog post: [https://endmyopia.org/eyes-in-various-species-can-shorten-to-compensate-for-myopic-defocus/ Eyes in Various Species Can Shorten to Compensate for Myopic Defocus]

==What do doctors think about myopia reversal?==
[https://endmyopia.org/endmyopia-friendly-optometrists/ Some optometrists are very supportive]. [https://www.reddit.com/r/glasses/ Others] are [https://www.quora.com/Is-endmymyopia-orgs-information-true-Can-myopia-really-be-reversible/answer/Por-Yong-Ming?ch=15&oid=249656063&share=a3a5dd74&srid=kGuQA&target_type=answer&fbclid=IwAR2757OkDXD8mHyd2a7Thcv_1-9WUIKs1ORyESfe6CfCYvfn1XFjiP04Kqs not so much].

{{Jake says|Natural myopia control is still very much on the experimental side of things.

Nonetheless, there are lot of licensed professionals interested in more holistic ways of dealing with myopia, than endless lens prescriptions, invasive and dangerous laser surgeries, or poisonous substances (atropine, etc).

You can find a behavioural optometrist who is likely interested in alternatives to above.

There are also individuals like Despina, our own contributing licensed optometrist, who find natural myopia control to be an effective tool to protect their eyesight (of course nothing here on the site is licensed or medical advice, or officially endorsed by the mainstream).

We also get quite a few doctors and health care professionals interested in our method. Take a look here: https://endmyopia.org/the-word-is-getting-out/}}
[[Dr._Carr|Dr. Carr]] thinks the way EndMyopia works is actually that we're flattening our lenses. There is apparently a forum conversation with Dr. Carr if you have access to the forum.

==How would I recognise an eyesight scam?==Reddit: [https://www.reddit.com/r/myopia/comments/fg05t8/is_endmyopia_a_scam/ Is endmyopia a scam?]

A massive '''"BUY NOW"''' button is always something to be concerned about. We're very clear about the fact you do not need to purchase anything from us to improve your eyesight.
Anything that preaches [[eye exercises]] and feel good stuff like [[healing crystals]] is also not going to improve your eyesight, but it will make the person who buys these things ''feel'' as if they are improving their eyesight.
{{jake says|First, you want to make a finer distinction, between the well-intentioned by nonetheless worthless content online, and genuinely willful scams.

The well-intentioned usually fall into the Bates method category. Bates was an early 20th century practitioner who found a workable solution to deal with pseudo myopia. Unfortunately most myopia today is of the lens-induced, progressive sort, so Bates practices don’t apply. Sites that promote Bates usually don’t have the training or education to fully understand the underlying biology that they are trying to repair. Because of that, while often well-intentioned, these types of approaches tend to fail for most people.

Well-intentioned sites are often not easy to assess, since they can have a loyal following and strong supporters. The best way to tell is to understand the basic premises of myopia yourself (the two stages, ciliary vs lens-induced, strain, axial elongation, etc). With that, you can look at their premise and get an idea of whether a) they know what they are talking about and b) whether their method deals with real causes in a meaningful way.

Does it sound hoakey? Are words like “eye exercises” and “palming” used? Do they advocate eye vitamins, use a bunch of pseudo science terminology?

Then it’s probably not going to do anything for you.

Scams are much easier to tell. Here is what you want to be looking for:

#Does the site have a slick sales letter? If you are scrolling and scrolling through testimonials and promises and “but wait there is more”, and “special promo pricing”, then it’s almost certainly going to be a scam. How many legitimate services use a sales letter? None. Click out of those things.
#E-mail collectors. If the first thing you see is a pitch to get your e-mail, it’s going to be a scam.
#Appealing to your inner greed. If the pitch sounds like something you really wish to be true (because it sounds so quick and easy), then it’s probably a scam. “Fix your eyes in your sleep”, or “the #1 secret to better eyes”, or “fix your eyes in 30 days”, that’s always, forever going to be a scam.
#Eye vitamins. If you see the words “eye” and “vitamins” anywhere in the same paragraph, click away. It’s a scam.
#Mailing you products. There is zero need for a product. Usually the product is tied to some complicated return policy and refund policy. You need to return the product to get a refund, and they count on you not doing that. If there’ s a product involved, it’s probably a scam.
#No community. If there is no way to tell on the site that the creators are active and participating in the dialog, if you can’t tell what customers are saying, if everything is shrouded in mystery and sales, you know what … it’s probably a scam.
#The biggest scam of all – doctor promoted products. Ortho-k and the whole ilk. Yes, they work (sort of, temporarily) and yes, they are promoted by a large network of real ophthalmologists. Again though, you are being sold a product, and it doesn’t in any way address the root cause of myopia. It’s legit but it’s still a scam.
#The payment method. This is a bit of an insider trick. Payment processors that accept shady businesses (adult entertainment, internet pharmacies, etc), are hard to get your money back from. If they payment processor isn’t clear, avoid the site. If it is, Google it. If they advertise “high risk payment processing”, run. Those outfits you’ll never get your money back from.

Instead, look for legit payment processor. As much as Paypal isn’t so amazing in many ways, it’s a good payment processor If you complain to Paypal, you get a refund. If you complain to American Express, you get a refund. If you complain to Square, you get a refund. If you complain to some shady payment processor, you’ll possibly get nothing.

Let us know when you find scams. We’ll make an effort to put together a scam-directory of sorts, at some point. Scams hurt everybody, not least of all the guys who legitimately want to help you recover your eyesight.}}

==Is EndMyopia a cult?==

Let's take a look!

The first search result for "What is a cult?" returns this link: https://study.com/learn/lesson/cult-characteristics-types-behavior.html . For details on the below bullet points, visit that link and/or some other one from your own search results.
'''✔''' A charismatic leader

'''X''' Ideological purity > doing your own research and reaching your own conclusions is encouraged

'''X''' Conformity and control

'''✔''' Mind-altering practices > [[Active_Focus]]

'''X''' Isolation and love-bombing

'''✔''' Us-vs-them mentality

'''X''' Apocalyptic thinking - however, people with higher myopia are more prone to eye health issues such as retinal detachment

'''✔''' Time and energy - Want to learn how to reverse your myopia? Close work is bad for your eyes! Now spend many hours learning more!

From the article:

* "''Cults often isolate their members from friends and family on the outside, punish doubts or questions, and require inordinate sacrifices and money from followers''" - '''Share what you're learning with your friends and family. Ask questions. Do your own research. Keep getting regular eye health checkups.'''

* "''a cult is a group of people who fanatically follow one person or belief system while also engaging in a number of dangerous practices.''" '''In conclusion''', EndMyopia has a lot of the traits of a cult, but unless you think this is dangerous, it's probably not a cult. Or if it is, it's probably harmless so whatever.
'''[https://nothorses.tumblr.com/post/646493048871763968/just-a-quick-addition-look-for-bite-stuff-in "the cardinal rules of not getting cult'd"]'''

==Finding and Evaluating Online Health Resources ==
'''[https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/finding-and-evaluating-online-resources?nav=govd Here is a detailed article]''' on things to think about when you read about health online.

== Where are the negative reviews?==

'''[[Negative reviews|Click here]]''' for an incomplete list of negative reviews

==What’s the key way to improve my eyesight?==
{{main|The Eyesight Improvement Equation}}
It's pretty simple. [[Normalized glasses]], combined with [[distance vision]] and relaxing your [[ciliary muscle]] ([[Active Focus]]). Also, making sure your [[screen habits]] aren't undoing all of that hard work, so use [[differentials]] or no glasses for [[close work]], depending on your eyes.

That's it - people seem to overcomplicate this stuff for no reason {{smiley}}
==Citations==

Dr. Carr

2022-10-25T05:40:03Z

Angel: https://community.endmyopia.org/t/asked-the-author-of-the-science-behind-myopia-for-her-thoughts-on-endmyopia-here-s-her-response/17123

Leading expert on myopia. Co-authored '''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470669/ The Science Behind Myopia]''' Thinks we are just flattening our corneas.

There's a [https://community.endmyopia.org/t/asked-the-author-of-the-science-behind-myopia-for-her-thoughts-on-endmyopia-here-s-her-response/17123 forum post]. Some person emailed Dr. Carr asking for her opinion on EM and the post contains her reply. I don't think she specifically said that EM just changes the front of the eye, rather she implied that after the eye becomes less plastic most refractive change is due to lens changes than axial changes.

Dr. Carr

2022-10-25T05:35:17Z

Angel: per chat

Leading expert on myopia. Co-authored '''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470669/ The Science Behind Myopia]''' Thinks we are just flattening our corneas.

There's a forum post. Some person emailed Dr. Carr asking for her opinion on EM and the post contains her reply. I don't think she specifically said that EM just changes the front of the eye, rather she implied that after the eye becomes less plastic most refractive change is due to lens changes than axial changes.

Double vision

2022-10-25T03:00:55Z

Angel: /* What is the difference between astigmatism double vision and endmyopia double vision? */ line breaks

'''Double Vision''', misaligned vision, or ghosting, is when your visual cortex perceives two images when there should be one.

[[File:Diplopia.jpg]]

This phenomenon usually occurs as an intermediate step in your vision improvement and is to be differentiated from [[Astigmatism]] ("Directional Blur"). Your vision biology is constantly adjusting to environmental stimulus, whereby different parts of your system respond at different rates. After clearing up [[Ciliary Spasm]] and after starting to improve the physical shape of your eyeball, your [[visual cortex]] already receives plenty of clear data. Our brains however were not built to handle artificial changes to the natural [[Focal Plane]]. This means that even when the image hitting your [[Retina]] is clear after reducing the strength of your glasses, your brain has to relearn how to create a single clear image out of this new data. This can take longer than resolving the refractive state of your eyeballs and manifests in multiple overlapping clear images of the same image.
This might be somewhat common as you start improving your eyesight - more ghosted images will begin to appear as your [[visual cortex]] is constantly learning to readjust to new signals.

If there is too much double vision, you might have to step up to clear it and avoid [[blur adaptation]].

Double Vision can be more pronounced once you are in the [[Low Myopia]] range, since every small change in your diopter strength then results in a larger shift of your [[Focal Plane]].

'''For help resolving double vision see the [[Guide:Resolving double vision]].'''

==Transient Astigmatism==
'''Transient astigmatism''' ([https://endmyopia.org/transient-astigmatism-reduced-diopters-now-got-astigmatism/ article], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DxemH7AoMI8 video]) is double vision and measurable cylinder that occurs [[reduction|when you reduce]] spherical and is temporary, so you should stop reducing and wait for it to disappear plus a little bit extra time, and reduce less aggressively next time. It becomes more severe when you reduce too quickly<ref>"So people that push the reductions get this transient astigmatism symptom that’s kind of a pain." https://endmyopia.org/ruis-glasses-and-headaches-9-75-to-6-00-progress/</ref> or too much or too often.

Even though it's functionally the same as real [[astigmatism]] (although rapidly changing on axis and amount), do not get cylinder correction for it, to the maximum extent possible, since you're just transitioning between two spherical values. If you do, you would just put extra load on your visual cortex for no reason, slowing down your progress.

If it's too noticeable, you can step up spherical, but if it's not that bad ("if you don't notice it, or if you hardly ever notice it, or if it's really just something that the optometrist shows and you see a tiny little bit better"), it's also OK to leave it.

If you somehow created a very large amount of transient astigmatism, [https://endmyopia.org/plus-lens-therapy-read-this-before-trying/ such as this person who had up to 4.25 D of myopic defocus], you might consider adding some cylinder correction, but only as a last resort.

==What is the difference between astigmatism double vision and endmyopia double vision?==

[[Astigmatism]] refers to a condition that creates [[directional blur]], that when significant enough requires cylinder correction. [https://endmyopia.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/hd-astigmatic-blur-vs-myopic-blur.jpg This is what directional blur looks like.]

Double vision, there are many kinds of it. For example, astigmatism might present itself as double vision but astigmatic blur doesn't have to have DV. But there can be double vision that's not caused by astigmatism.

There's no such thing as EM DV. But there is something Jake refers to called ''transient astigmatism''. Which can come in various forms. Double vision, multiple transparent copies, ghosting, and other things of the sort.

When he talks about transient astigmatism he is referring to a transition period that exists while you are making gains. A period where your myopia has improved to the point where things are clear in terms of myopic blur, but you still have some disturbances in your vision.

There's really a lot of overlap honestly. Don't take the definitions too seriously. They're just ideas to help you look at what you're actually seeing. Because often people see things, but do not pay attention to how exactly these things look to them.

The goal is to get familiar with the nuances of [[blur]]. Because there are many different ways blur can look.

==See also==

* [[Blur]] (blur is different than double vision)<ref>https://endmyopia.org/the-giant-double-vision-thread/</ref><ref>https://endmyopia.org/reminder-tip-recognize-double-vision/</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Articles]]

Double vision

2022-10-25T02:58:54Z

Angel:

'''Double Vision''', misaligned vision, or ghosting, is when your visual cortex perceives two images when there should be one.

[[File:Diplopia.jpg]]

This phenomenon usually occurs as an intermediate step in your vision improvement and is to be differentiated from [[Astigmatism]] ("Directional Blur"). Your vision biology is constantly adjusting to environmental stimulus, whereby different parts of your system respond at different rates. After clearing up [[Ciliary Spasm]] and after starting to improve the physical shape of your eyeball, your [[visual cortex]] already receives plenty of clear data. Our brains however were not built to handle artificial changes to the natural [[Focal Plane]]. This means that even when the image hitting your [[Retina]] is clear after reducing the strength of your glasses, your brain has to relearn how to create a single clear image out of this new data. This can take longer than resolving the refractive state of your eyeballs and manifests in multiple overlapping clear images of the same image.
This might be somewhat common as you start improving your eyesight - more ghosted images will begin to appear as your [[visual cortex]] is constantly learning to readjust to new signals.

If there is too much double vision, you might have to step up to clear it and avoid [[blur adaptation]].

Double Vision can be more pronounced once you are in the [[Low Myopia]] range, since every small change in your diopter strength then results in a larger shift of your [[Focal Plane]].

'''For help resolving double vision see the [[Guide:Resolving double vision]].'''

==Transient Astigmatism==
'''Transient astigmatism''' ([https://endmyopia.org/transient-astigmatism-reduced-diopters-now-got-astigmatism/ article], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DxemH7AoMI8 video]) is double vision and measurable cylinder that occurs [[reduction|when you reduce]] spherical and is temporary, so you should stop reducing and wait for it to disappear plus a little bit extra time, and reduce less aggressively next time. It becomes more severe when you reduce too quickly<ref>"So people that push the reductions get this transient astigmatism symptom that’s kind of a pain." https://endmyopia.org/ruis-glasses-and-headaches-9-75-to-6-00-progress/</ref> or too much or too often.

Even though it's functionally the same as real [[astigmatism]] (although rapidly changing on axis and amount), do not get cylinder correction for it, to the maximum extent possible, since you're just transitioning between two spherical values. If you do, you would just put extra load on your visual cortex for no reason, slowing down your progress.

If it's too noticeable, you can step up spherical, but if it's not that bad ("if you don't notice it, or if you hardly ever notice it, or if it's really just something that the optometrist shows and you see a tiny little bit better"), it's also OK to leave it.

If you somehow created a very large amount of transient astigmatism, [https://endmyopia.org/plus-lens-therapy-read-this-before-trying/ such as this person who had up to 4.25 D of myopic defocus], you might consider adding some cylinder correction, but only as a last resort.

==What is the difference between astigmatism double vision and endmyopia double vision?==

[[Astigmatism]] refers to a condition that creates [[directional blur]], that when significant enough requires cylinder correction. [https://endmyopia.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/hd-astigmatic-blur-vs-myopic-blur.jpg This is what directional blur looks like.] Double vision, there are many kinds of it. For example, astigmatism might present itself as double vision but astigmatic blur doesn't have to have DV. But there can be double vision that's not caused by astigmatism. There's no such thing as EM DV. But there is something Jake refers to called ''transient astigmatism''. Which can come in various forms. Double vision, multiple transparent copies, ghosting, and other things of the sort. When he talks about transient astigmatism he is referring to a transition period that exists while you are making gains. A period where your myopia has improved to the point where things are clear in terms of myopic blur, but you still have some disturbances in your vision. There's really a lot of overlap honestly. Don't take the definitions too seriously. They're just ideas to help you look at what you're actually seeing. Because often people see things, but do not pay attention to how exactly these things look to them. The goal is to get familiar with the nuances of [[blur]]. Because there are many different ways blur can look.

==See also==

* [[Blur]] (blur is different than double vision)<ref>https://endmyopia.org/the-giant-double-vision-thread/</ref><ref>https://endmyopia.org/reminder-tip-recognize-double-vision/</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Articles]]

Negative reviews

2022-10-25T02:44:36Z

Angel:

* "Sometimes it was unbearable and this was the time when i called my doctor. I didnt spoke to him about this method is just told my problems. He dilated my pupils and checked my retina. During the examination he just literaly said: [https://www.reddit.com/r/myopia/comments/viq8ln/the_truth_about_endmyopia_and_jake_steiner_my/ „Man what happened to your eyes.”] And what was the problem? I got lattice degneration and holes all over my retina and i got a VERY BIG TEAR in my right eye in which i felt pressure…."

Frequently Asked Questions/Skepticism

2022-10-25T02:43:37Z

Angel: /* Where are the negative reviews? */

{{FAQ boxes}}''''
{{clear}}
==Is EndMyopia a money making scheme?==
EndMyopia is not a money making scheme, despite what a lot of people seem to think. The way EndMyopia goes about vision improvement money making is pretty terrible, if that's what we're talking about. Expenditure is relatively high and is a net loss for Jake, as we try to get the word out there. [[BackTo20/20]] exists in part just to fund the high costs of keeping everything running.

If EndMyopia wanted to make more money, the way we preach that results are slow and take a long time should be the first to go - we should tell everyone they'll get '''FAST''' results. Also, no information for free, no free wiki or YouTube tutorials, just "trust me!" and big "Buy Now" button. This isn't the case, because EndMyopia is not a money making scheme. This entire wiki was created from the ground up by non-paid volunteers, and Jake <s>rarely if ever edits</s> [[User:Imperial-beard|doesn't edit]]. That amount of dedication is hard to come by for free on the internet, for something that doesn't work.

But hey - [[Bates method]] guys are pretty dedicated too. What do we know? 🤔

[https://endmyopia.org/is-endmyopia-all-about-making-money/ See this blog post for information about why, paid stuff might not be all that bad]
==Does Jake invest in lens manufacturing companies?==

[https://endmyopia.org/about-us/ Yes.]

==Are the bad reviews being hidden?==
The [https://uk.trustpilot.com/review/endmyopia.org TrustPilot page] is pretty impressive with mostly positive feedback.

Blog post: [https://endmyopia.org/endmyopia-bad-reviews/ Endmyopia: All The Bad Reviews O_0]

There's people who did EM and also regressed.

==Is it really possible to fix myopia?==
If you listen to us, the answer is an '''unequivocal yes'''. In the vast majority of cases, [[myopia]] is a completely reversible condition of the eye. Myopia is [[lens-induced myopia|lens-induced]] in most cases as a result of questionable optometry practices. Ever question how it's predicted half of the human population will have a severe defect (myopia) in their most important sensory organ by 2050? ''Surely it can't all be genetic...''

With that said, we recommend you do thorough research on topics around vision improvement and come to your own conclusion about whether this is all legitimate or not.
==Lowering diopters doesn’t improve eyesight?==
[https://endmyopia.org/success/ Tell that to the hundreds of people who have confirmed results with EndMyopia], the endless emails [[Jake]] receives in his inbox on a daily basis (had to hire an email manager to go through them all), and the growing number of [[List:YouTubers|YouTube channels]] with testimonials backing up what we say here.

But you're right, this is probably all some scam. A scam where we don't actually try too hard to sell you anything 🤔
==Are the EndMyopia testimonials fake?==
That's an inordinate amount of money to pay to fake that many reviews. Also add in the cost of 17,000 Facebook members (all of which ''must'' be bots), it's just an inordinate sum. '''How much money do you really think this all makes?''' Certainly not enough to purchase all of those fake reviews we're afraid 😁
==Is this based on clinical science?==
Yes. See [[clinical science]].

==Is this pseudoscience?==

Yes. Much of EndMyopia theory is based on clinical science, but the details of Jake's research on his clients are not publicly shared or published. Jake will be the first to tell you he's not an eye doctor.<ref>https://endmyopia.org/quantifying-natural-myopia-reversal-logging-tool-update/</ref>

==Is axial elongation of the eye reversible?==
* Blog post: [https://endmyopia.org/eyes-in-various-species-can-shorten-to-compensate-for-myopic-defocus/ Eyes in Various Species Can Shorten to Compensate for Myopic Defocus]

==What do doctors think about myopia reversal?==
[https://endmyopia.org/endmyopia-friendly-optometrists/ Some optometrists are very supportive]. [https://www.reddit.com/r/glasses/ Others] are [https://www.quora.com/Is-endmymyopia-orgs-information-true-Can-myopia-really-be-reversible/answer/Por-Yong-Ming?ch=15&oid=249656063&share=a3a5dd74&srid=kGuQA&target_type=answer&fbclid=IwAR2757OkDXD8mHyd2a7Thcv_1-9WUIKs1ORyESfe6CfCYvfn1XFjiP04Kqs not so much].

{{Jake says|Natural myopia control is still very much on the experimental side of things.

Nonetheless, there are lot of licensed professionals interested in more holistic ways of dealing with myopia, than endless lens prescriptions, invasive and dangerous laser surgeries, or poisonous substances (atropine, etc).

You can find a behavioural optometrist who is likely interested in alternatives to above.

There are also individuals like Despina, our own contributing licensed optometrist, who find natural myopia control to be an effective tool to protect their eyesight (of course nothing here on the site is licensed or medical advice, or officially endorsed by the mainstream).

We also get quite a few doctors and health care professionals interested in our method. Take a look here: https://endmyopia.org/the-word-is-getting-out/}}
[[Dr._Carr|Dr. Carr]] thinks the way EndMyopia works is actually that we're flattening our lenses. There is apparently a forum conversation with Dr. Carr if you have access to the forum.

==How would I recognise an eyesight scam?==
A massive '''"BUY NOW"''' button is always something to be concerned about. We're very clear about the fact you do not need to purchase anything from us to improve your eyesight.

Anything that preaches [[eye exercises]] and feel good stuff like [[healing crystals]] is also not going to improve your eyesight, but it will make the person who buys these things ''feel'' as if they are improving their eyesight.

{{jake says|First, you want to make a finer distinction, between the well-intentioned by nonetheless worthless content online, and genuinely willful scams.

The well-intentioned usually fall into the Bates method category. Bates was an early 20th century practitioner who found a workable solution to deal with pseudo myopia. Unfortunately most myopia today is of the lens-induced, progressive sort, so Bates practices don’t apply. Sites that promote Bates usually don’t have the training or education to fully understand the underlying biology that they are trying to repair. Because of that, while often well-intentioned, these types of approaches tend to fail for most people.

Well-intentioned sites are often not easy to assess, since they can have a loyal following and strong supporters. The best way to tell is to understand the basic premises of myopia yourself (the two stages, ciliary vs lens-induced, strain, axial elongation, etc). With that, you can look at their premise and get an idea of whether a) they know what they are talking about and b) whether their method deals with real causes in a meaningful way.

Does it sound hoakey? Are words like “eye exercises” and “palming” used? Do they advocate eye vitamins, use a bunch of pseudo science terminology?

Then it’s probably not going to do anything for you.

Scams are much easier to tell. Here is what you want to be looking for:

#Does the site have a slick sales letter? If you are scrolling and scrolling through testimonials and promises and “but wait there is more”, and “special promo pricing”, then it’s almost certainly going to be a scam. How many legitimate services use a sales letter? None. Click out of those things.
#E-mail collectors. If the first thing you see is a pitch to get your e-mail, it’s going to be a scam.
#Appealing to your inner greed. If the pitch sounds like something you really wish to be true (because it sounds so quick and easy), then it’s probably a scam. “Fix your eyes in your sleep”, or “the #1 secret to better eyes”, or “fix your eyes in 30 days”, that’s always, forever going to be a scam.
#Eye vitamins. If you see the words “eye” and “vitamins” anywhere in the same paragraph, click away. It’s a scam.
#Mailing you products. There is zero need for a product. Usually the product is tied to some complicated return policy and refund policy. You need to return the product to get a refund, and they count on you not doing that. If there’ s a product involved, it’s probably a scam.
#No community. If there is no way to tell on the site that the creators are active and participating in the dialog, if you can’t tell what customers are saying, if everything is shrouded in mystery and sales, you know what … it’s probably a scam.
#The biggest scam of all – doctor promoted products. Ortho-k and the whole ilk. Yes, they work (sort of, temporarily) and yes, they are promoted by a large network of real ophthalmologists. Again though, you are being sold a product, and it doesn’t in any way address the root cause of myopia. It’s legit but it’s still a scam.
#The payment method. This is a bit of an insider trick. Payment processors that accept shady businesses (adult entertainment, internet pharmacies, etc), are hard to get your money back from. If they payment processor isn’t clear, avoid the site. If it is, Google it. If they advertise “high risk payment processing”, run. Those outfits you’ll never get your money back from.

Instead, look for legit payment processor. As much as Paypal isn’t so amazing in many ways, it’s a good payment processor If you complain to Paypal, you get a refund. If you complain to American Express, you get a refund. If you complain to Square, you get a refund. If you complain to some shady payment processor, you’ll possibly get nothing.

Let us know when you find scams. We’ll make an effort to put together a scam-directory of sorts, at some point. Scams hurt everybody, not least of all the guys who legitimately want to help you recover your eyesight.}}
==Is EndMyopia a cult?==

Let's take a look!

The first search result for "What is a cult?" returns this link: https://study.com/learn/lesson/cult-characteristics-types-behavior.html . For details on the below bullet points, visit that link and/or some other one from your own search results.
'''✔''' A charismatic leader

'''X''' Ideological purity > doing your own research and reaching your own conclusions is encouraged

'''X''' Conformity and control

'''✔''' Mind-altering practices > [[Active_Focus]]

'''X''' Isolation and love-bombing

'''✔''' Us-vs-them mentality

'''X''' Apocalyptic thinking - however, people with higher myopia are more prone to eye health issues such as retinal detachment

'''✔''' Time and energy - Want to learn how to reverse your myopia? Close work is bad for your eyes! Now spend many hours learning more!

From the article:

* "''Cults often isolate their members from friends and family on the outside, punish doubts or questions, and require inordinate sacrifices and money from followers''" - '''Share what you're learning with your friends and family. Ask questions. Do your own research. Keep getting regular eye health checkups.'''

* "''a cult is a group of people who fanatically follow one person or belief system while also engaging in a number of dangerous practices.''" '''In conclusion''', EndMyopia has a lot of the traits of a cult, but unless you think this is dangerous, it's probably not a cult. Or if it is, it's probably harmless so whatever.
'''[https://nothorses.tumblr.com/post/646493048871763968/just-a-quick-addition-look-for-bite-stuff-in "the cardinal rules of not getting cult'd"]'''

==Finding and Evaluating Online Health Resources ==
'''[https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/finding-and-evaluating-online-resources?nav=govd Here is a detailed article]''' on things to think about when you read about health online.

== Where are the negative reviews?==

'''[[Negative reviews|Click here]]''' for an incomplete list of negative reviews

==What’s the key way to improve my eyesight?==
{{main|The Eyesight Improvement Equation}}
It's pretty simple. [[Normalized glasses]], combined with [[distance vision]] and relaxing your [[ciliary muscle]] ([[Active Focus]]). Also, making sure your [[screen habits]] aren't undoing all of that hard work, so use [[differentials]] or no glasses for [[close work]], depending on your eyes.

That's it - people seem to overcomplicate this stuff for no reason {{smiley}}
==Citations==

Frequently Asked Questions/Skepticism

2022-10-25T02:43:04Z

Angel: /* Where are the negative reviews? */

{{FAQ boxes}}''''
{{clear}}
==Is EndMyopia a money making scheme?==
EndMyopia is not a money making scheme, despite what a lot of people seem to think. The way EndMyopia goes about vision improvement money making is pretty terrible, if that's what we're talking about. Expenditure is relatively high and is a net loss for Jake, as we try to get the word out there. [[BackTo20/20]] exists in part just to fund the high costs of keeping everything running.

If EndMyopia wanted to make more money, the way we preach that results are slow and take a long time should be the first to go - we should tell everyone they'll get '''FAST''' results. Also, no information for free, no free wiki or YouTube tutorials, just "trust me!" and big "Buy Now" button. This isn't the case, because EndMyopia is not a money making scheme. This entire wiki was created from the ground up by non-paid volunteers, and Jake <s>rarely if ever edits</s> [[User:Imperial-beard|doesn't edit]]. That amount of dedication is hard to come by for free on the internet, for something that doesn't work.

But hey - [[Bates method]] guys are pretty dedicated too. What do we know? 🤔

[https://endmyopia.org/is-endmyopia-all-about-making-money/ See this blog post for information about why, paid stuff might not be all that bad]
==Does Jake invest in lens manufacturing companies?==

[https://endmyopia.org/about-us/ Yes.]

==Are the bad reviews being hidden?==
The [https://uk.trustpilot.com/review/endmyopia.org TrustPilot page] is pretty impressive with mostly positive feedback.

Blog post: [https://endmyopia.org/endmyopia-bad-reviews/ Endmyopia: All The Bad Reviews O_0]

There's people who did EM and also regressed.

==Is it really possible to fix myopia?==
If you listen to us, the answer is an '''unequivocal yes'''. In the vast majority of cases, [[myopia]] is a completely reversible condition of the eye. Myopia is [[lens-induced myopia|lens-induced]] in most cases as a result of questionable optometry practices. Ever question how it's predicted half of the human population will have a severe defect (myopia) in their most important sensory organ by 2050? ''Surely it can't all be genetic...''

With that said, we recommend you do thorough research on topics around vision improvement and come to your own conclusion about whether this is all legitimate or not.
==Lowering diopters doesn’t improve eyesight?==
[https://endmyopia.org/success/ Tell that to the hundreds of people who have confirmed results with EndMyopia], the endless emails [[Jake]] receives in his inbox on a daily basis (had to hire an email manager to go through them all), and the growing number of [[List:YouTubers|YouTube channels]] with testimonials backing up what we say here.

But you're right, this is probably all some scam. A scam where we don't actually try too hard to sell you anything 🤔
==Are the EndMyopia testimonials fake?==
That's an inordinate amount of money to pay to fake that many reviews. Also add in the cost of 17,000 Facebook members (all of which ''must'' be bots), it's just an inordinate sum. '''How much money do you really think this all makes?''' Certainly not enough to purchase all of those fake reviews we're afraid 😁
==Is this based on clinical science?==
Yes. See [[clinical science]].

==Is this pseudoscience?==

Yes. Much of EndMyopia theory is based on clinical science, but the details of Jake's research on his clients are not publicly shared or published. Jake will be the first to tell you he's not an eye doctor.<ref>https://endmyopia.org/quantifying-natural-myopia-reversal-logging-tool-update/</ref>

==Is axial elongation of the eye reversible?==
* Blog post: [https://endmyopia.org/eyes-in-various-species-can-shorten-to-compensate-for-myopic-defocus/ Eyes in Various Species Can Shorten to Compensate for Myopic Defocus]

==What do doctors think about myopia reversal?==
[https://endmyopia.org/endmyopia-friendly-optometrists/ Some optometrists are very supportive]. [https://www.reddit.com/r/glasses/ Others] are [https://www.quora.com/Is-endmymyopia-orgs-information-true-Can-myopia-really-be-reversible/answer/Por-Yong-Ming?ch=15&oid=249656063&share=a3a5dd74&srid=kGuQA&target_type=answer&fbclid=IwAR2757OkDXD8mHyd2a7Thcv_1-9WUIKs1ORyESfe6CfCYvfn1XFjiP04Kqs not so much].

{{Jake says|Natural myopia control is still very much on the experimental side of things.

Nonetheless, there are lot of licensed professionals interested in more holistic ways of dealing with myopia, than endless lens prescriptions, invasive and dangerous laser surgeries, or poisonous substances (atropine, etc).

You can find a behavioural optometrist who is likely interested in alternatives to above.

There are also individuals like Despina, our own contributing licensed optometrist, who find natural myopia control to be an effective tool to protect their eyesight (of course nothing here on the site is licensed or medical advice, or officially endorsed by the mainstream).

We also get quite a few doctors and health care professionals interested in our method. Take a look here: https://endmyopia.org/the-word-is-getting-out/}}
[[Dr._Carr|Dr. Carr]] thinks the way EndMyopia works is actually that we're flattening our lenses. There is apparently a forum conversation with Dr. Carr if you have access to the forum.

==How would I recognise an eyesight scam?==
A massive '''"BUY NOW"''' button is always something to be concerned about. We're very clear about the fact you do not need to purchase anything from us to improve your eyesight.

Anything that preaches [[eye exercises]] and feel good stuff like [[healing crystals]] is also not going to improve your eyesight, but it will make the person who buys these things ''feel'' as if they are improving their eyesight.

{{jake says|First, you want to make a finer distinction, between the well-intentioned by nonetheless worthless content online, and genuinely willful scams.

The well-intentioned usually fall into the Bates method category. Bates was an early 20th century practitioner who found a workable solution to deal with pseudo myopia. Unfortunately most myopia today is of the lens-induced, progressive sort, so Bates practices don’t apply. Sites that promote Bates usually don’t have the training or education to fully understand the underlying biology that they are trying to repair. Because of that, while often well-intentioned, these types of approaches tend to fail for most people.

Well-intentioned sites are often not easy to assess, since they can have a loyal following and strong supporters. The best way to tell is to understand the basic premises of myopia yourself (the two stages, ciliary vs lens-induced, strain, axial elongation, etc). With that, you can look at their premise and get an idea of whether a) they know what they are talking about and b) whether their method deals with real causes in a meaningful way.

Does it sound hoakey? Are words like “eye exercises” and “palming” used? Do they advocate eye vitamins, use a bunch of pseudo science terminology?

Then it’s probably not going to do anything for you.

Scams are much easier to tell. Here is what you want to be looking for:

#Does the site have a slick sales letter? If you are scrolling and scrolling through testimonials and promises and “but wait there is more”, and “special promo pricing”, then it’s almost certainly going to be a scam. How many legitimate services use a sales letter? None. Click out of those things.
#E-mail collectors. If the first thing you see is a pitch to get your e-mail, it’s going to be a scam.
#Appealing to your inner greed. If the pitch sounds like something you really wish to be true (because it sounds so quick and easy), then it’s probably a scam. “Fix your eyes in your sleep”, or “the #1 secret to better eyes”, or “fix your eyes in 30 days”, that’s always, forever going to be a scam.
#Eye vitamins. If you see the words “eye” and “vitamins” anywhere in the same paragraph, click away. It’s a scam.
#Mailing you products. There is zero need for a product. Usually the product is tied to some complicated return policy and refund policy. You need to return the product to get a refund, and they count on you not doing that. If there’ s a product involved, it’s probably a scam.
#No community. If there is no way to tell on the site that the creators are active and participating in the dialog, if you can’t tell what customers are saying, if everything is shrouded in mystery and sales, you know what … it’s probably a scam.
#The biggest scam of all – doctor promoted products. Ortho-k and the whole ilk. Yes, they work (sort of, temporarily) and yes, they are promoted by a large network of real ophthalmologists. Again though, you are being sold a product, and it doesn’t in any way address the root cause of myopia. It’s legit but it’s still a scam.
#The payment method. This is a bit of an insider trick. Payment processors that accept shady businesses (adult entertainment, internet pharmacies, etc), are hard to get your money back from. If they payment processor isn’t clear, avoid the site. If it is, Google it. If they advertise “high risk payment processing”, run. Those outfits you’ll never get your money back from.

Instead, look for legit payment processor. As much as Paypal isn’t so amazing in many ways, it’s a good payment processor If you complain to Paypal, you get a refund. If you complain to American Express, you get a refund. If you complain to Square, you get a refund. If you complain to some shady payment processor, you’ll possibly get nothing.

Let us know when you find scams. We’ll make an effort to put together a scam-directory of sorts, at some point. Scams hurt everybody, not least of all the guys who legitimately want to help you recover your eyesight.}}
==Is EndMyopia a cult?==

Let's take a look!

The first search result for "What is a cult?" returns this link: https://study.com/learn/lesson/cult-characteristics-types-behavior.html . For details on the below bullet points, visit that link and/or some other one from your own search results.
'''✔''' A charismatic leader

'''X''' Ideological purity > doing your own research and reaching your own conclusions is encouraged

'''X''' Conformity and control

'''✔''' Mind-altering practices > [[Active_Focus]]

'''X''' Isolation and love-bombing

'''✔''' Us-vs-them mentality

'''X''' Apocalyptic thinking - however, people with higher myopia are more prone to eye health issues such as retinal detachment

'''✔''' Time and energy - Want to learn how to reverse your myopia? Close work is bad for your eyes! Now spend many hours learning more!

From the article:

* "''Cults often isolate their members from friends and family on the outside, punish doubts or questions, and require inordinate sacrifices and money from followers''" - '''Share what you're learning with your friends and family. Ask questions. Do your own research. Keep getting regular eye health checkups.'''

* "''a cult is a group of people who fanatically follow one person or belief system while also engaging in a number of dangerous practices.''" '''In conclusion''', EndMyopia has a lot of the traits of a cult, but unless you think this is dangerous, it's probably not a cult. Or if it is, it's probably harmless so whatever.
'''[https://nothorses.tumblr.com/post/646493048871763968/just-a-quick-addition-look-for-bite-stuff-in "the cardinal rules of not getting cult'd"]'''

==Finding and Evaluating Online Health Resources ==
'''[https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/finding-and-evaluating-online-resources?nav=govd Here is a detailed article]''' on things to think about when you read about health online.

== Where are the negative reviews?==

[[Negative reviews|Here]]

==What’s the key way to improve my eyesight?==
{{main|The Eyesight Improvement Equation}}
It's pretty simple. [[Normalized glasses]], combined with [[distance vision]] and relaxing your [[ciliary muscle]] ([[Active Focus]]). Also, making sure your [[screen habits]] aren't undoing all of that hard work, so use [[differentials]] or no glasses for [[close work]], depending on your eyes.

That's it - people seem to overcomplicate this stuff for no reason {{smiley}}
==Citations==

Frequently Asked Questions/Skepticism

2022-10-25T02:42:45Z

Angel: /* Finding and Evaluating Online Health Resources */

{{FAQ boxes}}''''
{{clear}}
==Is EndMyopia a money making scheme?==
EndMyopia is not a money making scheme, despite what a lot of people seem to think. The way EndMyopia goes about vision improvement money making is pretty terrible, if that's what we're talking about. Expenditure is relatively high and is a net loss for Jake, as we try to get the word out there. [[BackTo20/20]] exists in part just to fund the high costs of keeping everything running.

If EndMyopia wanted to make more money, the way we preach that results are slow and take a long time should be the first to go - we should tell everyone they'll get '''FAST''' results. Also, no information for free, no free wiki or YouTube tutorials, just "trust me!" and big "Buy Now" button. This isn't the case, because EndMyopia is not a money making scheme. This entire wiki was created from the ground up by non-paid volunteers, and Jake <s>rarely if ever edits</s> [[User:Imperial-beard|doesn't edit]]. That amount of dedication is hard to come by for free on the internet, for something that doesn't work.

But hey - [[Bates method]] guys are pretty dedicated too. What do we know? 🤔

[https://endmyopia.org/is-endmyopia-all-about-making-money/ See this blog post for information about why, paid stuff might not be all that bad]
==Does Jake invest in lens manufacturing companies?==

[https://endmyopia.org/about-us/ Yes.]

==Are the bad reviews being hidden?==
The [https://uk.trustpilot.com/review/endmyopia.org TrustPilot page] is pretty impressive with mostly positive feedback.

Blog post: [https://endmyopia.org/endmyopia-bad-reviews/ Endmyopia: All The Bad Reviews O_0]

There's people who did EM and also regressed.

==Is it really possible to fix myopia?==
If you listen to us, the answer is an '''unequivocal yes'''. In the vast majority of cases, [[myopia]] is a completely reversible condition of the eye. Myopia is [[lens-induced myopia|lens-induced]] in most cases as a result of questionable optometry practices. Ever question how it's predicted half of the human population will have a severe defect (myopia) in their most important sensory organ by 2050? ''Surely it can't all be genetic...''

With that said, we recommend you do thorough research on topics around vision improvement and come to your own conclusion about whether this is all legitimate or not.
==Lowering diopters doesn’t improve eyesight?==
[https://endmyopia.org/success/ Tell that to the hundreds of people who have confirmed results with EndMyopia], the endless emails [[Jake]] receives in his inbox on a daily basis (had to hire an email manager to go through them all), and the growing number of [[List:YouTubers|YouTube channels]] with testimonials backing up what we say here.

But you're right, this is probably all some scam. A scam where we don't actually try too hard to sell you anything 🤔
==Are the EndMyopia testimonials fake?==
That's an inordinate amount of money to pay to fake that many reviews. Also add in the cost of 17,000 Facebook members (all of which ''must'' be bots), it's just an inordinate sum. '''How much money do you really think this all makes?''' Certainly not enough to purchase all of those fake reviews we're afraid 😁
==Is this based on clinical science?==
Yes. See [[clinical science]].

==Is this pseudoscience?==

Yes. Much of EndMyopia theory is based on clinical science, but the details of Jake's research on his clients are not publicly shared or published. Jake will be the first to tell you he's not an eye doctor.<ref>https://endmyopia.org/quantifying-natural-myopia-reversal-logging-tool-update/</ref>

==Is axial elongation of the eye reversible?==
* Blog post: [https://endmyopia.org/eyes-in-various-species-can-shorten-to-compensate-for-myopic-defocus/ Eyes in Various Species Can Shorten to Compensate for Myopic Defocus]

==What do doctors think about myopia reversal?==
[https://endmyopia.org/endmyopia-friendly-optometrists/ Some optometrists are very supportive]. [https://www.reddit.com/r/glasses/ Others] are [https://www.quora.com/Is-endmymyopia-orgs-information-true-Can-myopia-really-be-reversible/answer/Por-Yong-Ming?ch=15&oid=249656063&share=a3a5dd74&srid=kGuQA&target_type=answer&fbclid=IwAR2757OkDXD8mHyd2a7Thcv_1-9WUIKs1ORyESfe6CfCYvfn1XFjiP04Kqs not so much].

{{Jake says|Natural myopia control is still very much on the experimental side of things.

Nonetheless, there are lot of licensed professionals interested in more holistic ways of dealing with myopia, than endless lens prescriptions, invasive and dangerous laser surgeries, or poisonous substances (atropine, etc).

You can find a behavioural optometrist who is likely interested in alternatives to above.

There are also individuals like Despina, our own contributing licensed optometrist, who find natural myopia control to be an effective tool to protect their eyesight (of course nothing here on the site is licensed or medical advice, or officially endorsed by the mainstream).

We also get quite a few doctors and health care professionals interested in our method. Take a look here: https://endmyopia.org/the-word-is-getting-out/}}
[[Dr._Carr|Dr. Carr]] thinks the way EndMyopia works is actually that we're flattening our lenses. There is apparently a forum conversation with Dr. Carr if you have access to the forum.

==How would I recognise an eyesight scam?==
A massive '''"BUY NOW"''' button is always something to be concerned about. We're very clear about the fact you do not need to purchase anything from us to improve your eyesight.

Anything that preaches [[eye exercises]] and feel good stuff like [[healing crystals]] is also not going to improve your eyesight, but it will make the person who buys these things ''feel'' as if they are improving their eyesight.

{{jake says|First, you want to make a finer distinction, between the well-intentioned by nonetheless worthless content online, and genuinely willful scams.

The well-intentioned usually fall into the Bates method category. Bates was an early 20th century practitioner who found a workable solution to deal with pseudo myopia. Unfortunately most myopia today is of the lens-induced, progressive sort, so Bates practices don’t apply. Sites that promote Bates usually don’t have the training or education to fully understand the underlying biology that they are trying to repair. Because of that, while often well-intentioned, these types of approaches tend to fail for most people.

Well-intentioned sites are often not easy to assess, since they can have a loyal following and strong supporters. The best way to tell is to understand the basic premises of myopia yourself (the two stages, ciliary vs lens-induced, strain, axial elongation, etc). With that, you can look at their premise and get an idea of whether a) they know what they are talking about and b) whether their method deals with real causes in a meaningful way.

Does it sound hoakey? Are words like “eye exercises” and “palming” used? Do they advocate eye vitamins, use a bunch of pseudo science terminology?

Then it’s probably not going to do anything for you.

Scams are much easier to tell. Here is what you want to be looking for:

#Does the site have a slick sales letter? If you are scrolling and scrolling through testimonials and promises and “but wait there is more”, and “special promo pricing”, then it’s almost certainly going to be a scam. How many legitimate services use a sales letter? None. Click out of those things.
#E-mail collectors. If the first thing you see is a pitch to get your e-mail, it’s going to be a scam.
#Appealing to your inner greed. If the pitch sounds like something you really wish to be true (because it sounds so quick and easy), then it’s probably a scam. “Fix your eyes in your sleep”, or “the #1 secret to better eyes”, or “fix your eyes in 30 days”, that’s always, forever going to be a scam.
#Eye vitamins. If you see the words “eye” and “vitamins” anywhere in the same paragraph, click away. It’s a scam.
#Mailing you products. There is zero need for a product. Usually the product is tied to some complicated return policy and refund policy. You need to return the product to get a refund, and they count on you not doing that. If there’ s a product involved, it’s probably a scam.
#No community. If there is no way to tell on the site that the creators are active and participating in the dialog, if you can’t tell what customers are saying, if everything is shrouded in mystery and sales, you know what … it’s probably a scam.
#The biggest scam of all – doctor promoted products. Ortho-k and the whole ilk. Yes, they work (sort of, temporarily) and yes, they are promoted by a large network of real ophthalmologists. Again though, you are being sold a product, and it doesn’t in any way address the root cause of myopia. It’s legit but it’s still a scam.
#The payment method. This is a bit of an insider trick. Payment processors that accept shady businesses (adult entertainment, internet pharmacies, etc), are hard to get your money back from. If they payment processor isn’t clear, avoid the site. If it is, Google it. If they advertise “high risk payment processing”, run. Those outfits you’ll never get your money back from.

Instead, look for legit payment processor. As much as Paypal isn’t so amazing in many ways, it’s a good payment processor If you complain to Paypal, you get a refund. If you complain to American Express, you get a refund. If you complain to Square, you get a refund. If you complain to some shady payment processor, you’ll possibly get nothing.

Let us know when you find scams. We’ll make an effort to put together a scam-directory of sorts, at some point. Scams hurt everybody, not least of all the guys who legitimately want to help you recover your eyesight.}}
==Is EndMyopia a cult?==

Let's take a look!

The first search result for "What is a cult?" returns this link: https://study.com/learn/lesson/cult-characteristics-types-behavior.html . For details on the below bullet points, visit that link and/or some other one from your own search results.
'''✔''' A charismatic leader

'''X''' Ideological purity > doing your own research and reaching your own conclusions is encouraged

'''X''' Conformity and control

'''✔''' Mind-altering practices > [[Active_Focus]]

'''X''' Isolation and love-bombing

'''✔''' Us-vs-them mentality

'''X''' Apocalyptic thinking - however, people with higher myopia are more prone to eye health issues such as retinal detachment

'''✔''' Time and energy - Want to learn how to reverse your myopia? Close work is bad for your eyes! Now spend many hours learning more!

From the article:

* "''Cults often isolate their members from friends and family on the outside, punish doubts or questions, and require inordinate sacrifices and money from followers''" - '''Share what you're learning with your friends and family. Ask questions. Do your own research. Keep getting regular eye health checkups.'''

* "''a cult is a group of people who fanatically follow one person or belief system while also engaging in a number of dangerous practices.''" '''In conclusion''', EndMyopia has a lot of the traits of a cult, but unless you think this is dangerous, it's probably not a cult. Or if it is, it's probably harmless so whatever.
'''[https://nothorses.tumblr.com/post/646493048871763968/just-a-quick-addition-look-for-bite-stuff-in "the cardinal rules of not getting cult'd"]'''

==Finding and Evaluating Online Health Resources ==
'''[https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/finding-and-evaluating-online-resources?nav=govd Here is a detailed article]''' on things to think about when you read about health online.

== Where are the negative reviews?==

[[Negative reviews]]

==What’s the key way to improve my eyesight?==
{{main|The Eyesight Improvement Equation}}
It's pretty simple. [[Normalized glasses]], combined with [[distance vision]] and relaxing your [[ciliary muscle]] ([[Active Focus]]). Also, making sure your [[screen habits]] aren't undoing all of that hard work, so use [[differentials]] or no glasses for [[close work]], depending on your eyes.

That's it - people seem to overcomplicate this stuff for no reason {{smiley}}
==Citations==

Negative reviews

2022-10-25T02:38:08Z

Angel:

* Sometimes it was unbearable and this was the time when i called my doctor. I didnt spoke to him about this method is just told my problems. He dilated my pupils and checked my retina. During the examination he just literaly said: [https://www.reddit.com/r/myopia/comments/viq8ln/the_truth_about_endmyopia_and_jake_steiner_my/ „Man what happened to your eyes.”] And what was the problem? I got lattice degneration and holes all over my retina and i got a VERY BIG TEAR in my right eye in which i felt pressure….

Negative reviews

2022-10-25T02:37:55Z

Angel: Created page with "Sometimes it was unbearable and this was the time when i called my doctor. I didnt spoke to him about this method is just told my problems. He dilated my pupils and checked my..."

Sometimes it was unbearable and this was the time when i called my doctor. I didnt spoke to him about this method is just told my problems. He dilated my pupils and checked my retina. During the examination he just literaly said: [https://www.reddit.com/r/myopia/comments/viq8ln/the_truth_about_endmyopia_and_jake_steiner_my/ „Man what happened to your eyes.”] And what was the problem? I got lattice degneration and holes all over my retina and i got a VERY BIG TEAR in my right eye in which i felt pressure….

Talk:Diopters

2022-10-24T06:17:16Z

Angel: /* plain english summary? */ new section

== ratio ==

{{re|Francois}}: You've added a note describing a 'diopter ratio' as dividing left and right corrections (which would indeed be a mathematical ratio). However, I've got the impression that when Jake talks about 'diopter ratio' he might actually mean gap (difference). Eg https://endmyopia.org/the-diopter-ratio-trap-dont-favor-one-eye/
Important first point: The diopter ratio needs to stay the same throughout the prescription range. So whether you wear full, normalized, or differential, the difference between left and right eye diopter shouldn’t ever change.
seems to be mixing concepts of 'ratio' and 'difference'. That said, https://endmyopia.org/reducing-diopter-ratio-diy-patching-solution-pro-topic/ talks about the "percentage difference". There's also some threads on the forum which seem to use 'ratio' as 'gap'. Eg https://community.endmyopia.org/t/diopter-ratio-question/3695 [[User:Divenal|Divenal]] ([[User talk:Divenal|talk]]) 17:53, 31 July 2020 (UTC)

Thanks {{re|Divenal}}, I've added anote about the common usage of "ratio" as "gap" and added "difference" as a synonym. It's possible that making this distinction isn't super productive at this stage, but at the same time, it seems to be confusing a lot of the more mathematical-inclined people. --[[User:Francois|Francois]] ([[User talk:Francois|talk]]) 16:57, 1 August 2020 (UTC)

== plain english summary? ==

Can someone add a brief plain English description?

EndMyopia Translated

2022-10-17T03:23:05Z

Angel: english

There is a limited selection of translated material in various languages on this page. This list is very subject to change, and please add any translations you know of {{smiley}}

In the future interlanguage functionality may be added to the wiki to enable easy translation of the contents here into different languages.

==Chinese==
* [[7 day free email guide in Chinese]]
==English==
* [https://endmyopia.org/7-day-e-mails/ 7 day free email guide in English]--

==French==
* [https://doucefrugalite.com/2018/10/23/methode-de-jake-steiner-pour-enrayer-la-myopie/ 7 day free email guide in French]
* [https://wiki.endmyopia.org/wiki/EndMyopia_Wiki/fr]

==Hindi==
* [[7 day free email guide in Hindi]]
==Korean==
* [[7 day free email guide in Korean]]

* [https://cafe.naver.com/endmyopia/71 Endmyopia Wiki in Korean] this link is readable by joining [https://cafe.naver.com/endmyopia/ Korean Community]
==Polish==
# [[Guide:Start your improvement here/pl]]
# [[Myopia/pl]]

==Turkish==
* [[7 day free email guide in Turkish]]

User:Angel

2022-10-17T01:38:36Z

Angel: /* Guides */

==Guides==

* [https://losetheglasses.org/cliffgnu-vision.pdf The No Bulls#*t <nowiki>[oversimplified]</nowiki> Guide to Vision Improvement] by C. G. Hayes

* [https://www.visionsofjoy.org/pdfs/OrfieldSeeingSpace.pdf Seeing Space: Undergoing Brain Reprogramming to Reduce Myopia] by Antonia Marie Orfield (1994); [https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/bostonglobe/name/antonia-orfield-obituary?id=24225499 Author's obituary]

==Anticipated Glasses Future==

===Next glasses ===

====normal/normalized glasses will be brown frames====

OD/Right: -4.00 sphere, -1.50 cylinder, 171 axis

OS/Left: -3.75 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

====closeup/differential glasses====
???

==My Glasses History==

I figured I should track this somewhere and maybe someday I will make enough progress that this level of detail will be interesting to someone besides me. Or maybe just knowing my context is useful. Also adding other non-glasses stuff that could be relevant.
===October 7, 2022===

====[https://wiki.endmyopia.org/wiki/Differentials Close-ups] - gold frames====

Had some icecream last night and chocolate this morning and was crying. My vision is typically worse in the morning and if I've had refined sugar. So I figured this was a good conservative time to test my vision. Tested. It is time. Now using for close-up glasses:

OD/Right: -3.00 sphere, -1.50 cylinder, 171 axis

OS/Left: -2.75 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

===July2022===

====Bike trip ends====

Using borrowed tv screen as monitor. Quit all refined sugar again.

====Bike trip review====

Didn't make any changes while bicycling. Rode my bike a bunch, used the laptop a bunch. Got a bit of a tan. Ate a TON of junk food. ALLLlll the sugary things. Traveled maybe 2,000 miles.

===March 2022===

====Bicycle trip starts====

This is when I left on a bicycle trip. I'm getting lots of sunshine and outdoor time. This is a dramatic change from my winter habits this year, so I won't make any changes to my glasses at this time.

Abandoned keyboard and mouse, no room to pack 'em.
===January 26, 2022===

====Found a free keyboard and mouse.====

Now I can get my laptop further away from my lap. Only problem is, I just switched to new normalized glasses a few days ago! So I am concerned about effectively changing two focal planes at once. Oh well. Will try to be conservative about where I set my computer, while still getting in the habit of using the keyboard and mouse.

In short, I have to be cautious about not effectively changing two focal planes at once.
===January 22, 2022===
====normal glasses - black frames====
OD/right: -4.25 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 171 axis

OS/left: -4 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

=== November 7, 2021===
====Normal glasses====

Couldn't find my original prescription when I wanted to change glasses from my close-ups (differentials) so I decided it was time to switch to my first normalized glasses. It feels like it has been about a month. I also received my over-the-glasses sunglasses yesterday!

:OD/Right -4.50 sphere, -1.50 cylinder, 171 axis

:OS/Left -4.25 sphere,-1.75 cylinder, 176 axis
Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index
===Mid-October 2021===
====[https://wiki.endmyopia.org/wiki/Differentials Close-ups] - blue frames====
:OD/Right: -3.25 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 171 axis

:OS/Left: -3 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

:Zenni frame 411516 because it's got half a dozen colors so I can keep track of new glasses easier, and it's the cheapest metal frames they sell. These frames are blue.
Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

===Mid-September 2021===

====End Myopia discovery====
: Found endmyopia.org somewhere. I had been looking for wrap-around sunglasses that would work with my prescription, which was apparently not in "cheap sunglasses on Zenni" territory.

====Eating more fiber====
: Figured out I can get most of my vitamins and minerals from 2 cups cooked greens and a can of beans every day. My fiber intake just went up dramatically and permanently.

===July 2021===
====Prescription====
:Right: -4.75 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 171 axis

:Left: -4.5 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

===January(ish) 2020===

====Checkup====
:Talked optometrist into just checking eye health. Eye health was fine.
===June 2019===

====Quit refined sugar====

:Did someone refine the fiber out? I won't eat it. Juice? Unacceptable. Honey? Refined by bees. Maple syrup? Sure, if I'm gnawing on a maple tree. Cane sugar? Sure, if I'm eating the cane alone with it. And so forth.

:NOTE: This took me 20 years of effort before it finally stuck. If at first you don't succeed, try, try, and try again. I get refined sugar on my birthdays.

===July 2018===
====Prescription====
:OD: -5 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 175 axis

:OS: -4.5 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 175 axis
1.61 Blokz Photochromic - Gray

===May 2011===

====Prescription====
:OD: -5 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 168 axis

:OS: -4.5 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 175 axis
===Early 1990s===

Kept forgetting my glasses at home and not being able to see the blackboard clearly from the first row. Annoyed teacher told me I needed to start remembering to bring my glasses. This is when I started wearing glasses full time.

===Late 1980s===

'''I was warned.''' When I was given my first pair of glasses, I was told, repeatedly, ''don't wear these glasses when you don't need them.'' I was living in England at the time. Not sure if it was an English doctor or a US military doctor. In my medical records, my early glasses are "for distance only".

==Why I'm here==
At this point, just habit. Also people with low-to-no myopia are less prone to retinal detachment. Eye problems run in my family. I figure I should do what I can to keep my eyesight in working order.

Things I'd like to be able to see clearly without glasses again:
* the stars

* my toes

==My friends on the Wiki (add yourself!)==

[[User:Kg6gfq|Kg6gfq]]

==Leave a message ==
You won't find me on the EndMyopia forum. But you can leave me an eyeballs-related message here!

Glad you had a good trip! -snax 8/1/22

User:Angel

2022-10-17T01:38:18Z

Angel: /* Guides */

==Guides==

* [https://losetheglasses.org/cliffgnu-vision.pdf The No Bulls#*t <nowiki>[oversimplified]</nowiki> Guide to Vision Improvement] by C. G. Hayes

* [ https://www.visionsofjoy.org/pdfs/OrfieldSeeingSpace.pdf Seeing Space: Undergoing Brain Reprogramming to Reduce Myopia] by Antonia Marie Orfield (1994); [https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/bostonglobe/name/antonia-orfield-obituary?id=24225499 Author's obituary]

==Anticipated Glasses Future==

===Next glasses ===

====normal/normalized glasses will be brown frames====

OD/Right: -4.00 sphere, -1.50 cylinder, 171 axis

OS/Left: -3.75 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

====closeup/differential glasses====
???

==My Glasses History==

I figured I should track this somewhere and maybe someday I will make enough progress that this level of detail will be interesting to someone besides me. Or maybe just knowing my context is useful. Also adding other non-glasses stuff that could be relevant.
===October 7, 2022===

====[https://wiki.endmyopia.org/wiki/Differentials Close-ups] - gold frames====

Had some icecream last night and chocolate this morning and was crying. My vision is typically worse in the morning and if I've had refined sugar. So I figured this was a good conservative time to test my vision. Tested. It is time. Now using for close-up glasses:

OD/Right: -3.00 sphere, -1.50 cylinder, 171 axis

OS/Left: -2.75 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

===July2022===

====Bike trip ends====

Using borrowed tv screen as monitor. Quit all refined sugar again.

====Bike trip review====

Didn't make any changes while bicycling. Rode my bike a bunch, used the laptop a bunch. Got a bit of a tan. Ate a TON of junk food. ALLLlll the sugary things. Traveled maybe 2,000 miles.

===March 2022===

====Bicycle trip starts====

This is when I left on a bicycle trip. I'm getting lots of sunshine and outdoor time. This is a dramatic change from my winter habits this year, so I won't make any changes to my glasses at this time.

Abandoned keyboard and mouse, no room to pack 'em.
===January 26, 2022===

====Found a free keyboard and mouse.====

Now I can get my laptop further away from my lap. Only problem is, I just switched to new normalized glasses a few days ago! So I am concerned about effectively changing two focal planes at once. Oh well. Will try to be conservative about where I set my computer, while still getting in the habit of using the keyboard and mouse.

In short, I have to be cautious about not effectively changing two focal planes at once.
===January 22, 2022===
====normal glasses - black frames====
OD/right: -4.25 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 171 axis

OS/left: -4 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

=== November 7, 2021===
====Normal glasses====

Couldn't find my original prescription when I wanted to change glasses from my close-ups (differentials) so I decided it was time to switch to my first normalized glasses. It feels like it has been about a month. I also received my over-the-glasses sunglasses yesterday!

:OD/Right -4.50 sphere, -1.50 cylinder, 171 axis

:OS/Left -4.25 sphere,-1.75 cylinder, 176 axis
Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index
===Mid-October 2021===
====[https://wiki.endmyopia.org/wiki/Differentials Close-ups] - blue frames====
:OD/Right: -3.25 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 171 axis

:OS/Left: -3 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

:Zenni frame 411516 because it's got half a dozen colors so I can keep track of new glasses easier, and it's the cheapest metal frames they sell. These frames are blue.
Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

===Mid-September 2021===

====End Myopia discovery====
: Found endmyopia.org somewhere. I had been looking for wrap-around sunglasses that would work with my prescription, which was apparently not in "cheap sunglasses on Zenni" territory.

====Eating more fiber====
: Figured out I can get most of my vitamins and minerals from 2 cups cooked greens and a can of beans every day. My fiber intake just went up dramatically and permanently.

===July 2021===
====Prescription====
:Right: -4.75 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 171 axis

:Left: -4.5 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

===January(ish) 2020===

====Checkup====
:Talked optometrist into just checking eye health. Eye health was fine.
===June 2019===

====Quit refined sugar====

:Did someone refine the fiber out? I won't eat it. Juice? Unacceptable. Honey? Refined by bees. Maple syrup? Sure, if I'm gnawing on a maple tree. Cane sugar? Sure, if I'm eating the cane alone with it. And so forth.

:NOTE: This took me 20 years of effort before it finally stuck. If at first you don't succeed, try, try, and try again. I get refined sugar on my birthdays.

===July 2018===
====Prescription====
:OD: -5 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 175 axis

:OS: -4.5 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 175 axis
1.61 Blokz Photochromic - Gray

===May 2011===

====Prescription====
:OD: -5 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 168 axis

:OS: -4.5 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 175 axis
===Early 1990s===

Kept forgetting my glasses at home and not being able to see the blackboard clearly from the first row. Annoyed teacher told me I needed to start remembering to bring my glasses. This is when I started wearing glasses full time.

===Late 1980s===

'''I was warned.''' When I was given my first pair of glasses, I was told, repeatedly, ''don't wear these glasses when you don't need them.'' I was living in England at the time. Not sure if it was an English doctor or a US military doctor. In my medical records, my early glasses are "for distance only".

==Why I'm here==
At this point, just habit. Also people with low-to-no myopia are less prone to retinal detachment. Eye problems run in my family. I figure I should do what I can to keep my eyesight in working order.

Things I'd like to be able to see clearly without glasses again:
* the stars

* my toes

==My friends on the Wiki (add yourself!)==

[[User:Kg6gfq|Kg6gfq]]

==Leave a message ==
You won't find me on the EndMyopia forum. But you can leave me an eyeballs-related message here!

Glad you had a good trip! -snax 8/1/22

User:Angel

2022-10-16T23:59:00Z

Angel:

==Guides==

* [https://losetheglasses.org/cliffgnu-vision.pdf The No Bulls#*t [oversimplified] Guide to Vision Improvement] by C. G. Hayes

* [ https://www.visionsofjoy.org/pdfs/OrfieldSeeingSpace.pdf Seeing Space: Undergoing Brain Reprogramming to Reduce Myopia] by Antonia Marie Orfield (1994); [https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/bostonglobe/name/antonia-orfield-obituary?id=24225499 Author's obituary]

==Anticipated Glasses Future==

===Next glasses ===

====normal/normalized glasses will be brown frames====

OD/Right: -4.00 sphere, -1.50 cylinder, 171 axis

OS/Left: -3.75 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

====closeup/differential glasses====
???

==My Glasses History==

I figured I should track this somewhere and maybe someday I will make enough progress that this level of detail will be interesting to someone besides me. Or maybe just knowing my context is useful. Also adding other non-glasses stuff that could be relevant.
===October 7, 2022===

====[https://wiki.endmyopia.org/wiki/Differentials Close-ups] - gold frames====

Had some icecream last night and chocolate this morning and was crying. My vision is typically worse in the morning and if I've had refined sugar. So I figured this was a good conservative time to test my vision. Tested. It is time. Now using for close-up glasses:

OD/Right: -3.00 sphere, -1.50 cylinder, 171 axis

OS/Left: -2.75 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

===July2022===

====Bike trip ends====

Using borrowed tv screen as monitor. Quit all refined sugar again.

====Bike trip review====

Didn't make any changes while bicycling. Rode my bike a bunch, used the laptop a bunch. Got a bit of a tan. Ate a TON of junk food. ALLLlll the sugary things. Traveled maybe 2,000 miles.

===March 2022===

====Bicycle trip starts====

This is when I left on a bicycle trip. I'm getting lots of sunshine and outdoor time. This is a dramatic change from my winter habits this year, so I won't make any changes to my glasses at this time.

Abandoned keyboard and mouse, no room to pack 'em.
===January 26, 2022===

====Found a free keyboard and mouse.====

Now I can get my laptop further away from my lap. Only problem is, I just switched to new normalized glasses a few days ago! So I am concerned about effectively changing two focal planes at once. Oh well. Will try to be conservative about where I set my computer, while still getting in the habit of using the keyboard and mouse.

In short, I have to be cautious about not effectively changing two focal planes at once.
===January 22, 2022===
====normal glasses - black frames====
OD/right: -4.25 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 171 axis

OS/left: -4 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

=== November 7, 2021===
====Normal glasses====

Couldn't find my original prescription when I wanted to change glasses from my close-ups (differentials) so I decided it was time to switch to my first normalized glasses. It feels like it has been about a month. I also received my over-the-glasses sunglasses yesterday!

:OD/Right -4.50 sphere, -1.50 cylinder, 171 axis

:OS/Left -4.25 sphere,-1.75 cylinder, 176 axis
Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index
===Mid-October 2021===
====[https://wiki.endmyopia.org/wiki/Differentials Close-ups] - blue frames====
:OD/Right: -3.25 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 171 axis

:OS/Left: -3 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

:Zenni frame 411516 because it's got half a dozen colors so I can keep track of new glasses easier, and it's the cheapest metal frames they sell. These frames are blue.
Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

===Mid-September 2021===

====End Myopia discovery====
: Found endmyopia.org somewhere. I had been looking for wrap-around sunglasses that would work with my prescription, which was apparently not in "cheap sunglasses on Zenni" territory.

====Eating more fiber====
: Figured out I can get most of my vitamins and minerals from 2 cups cooked greens and a can of beans every day. My fiber intake just went up dramatically and permanently.

===July 2021===
====Prescription====
:Right: -4.75 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 171 axis

:Left: -4.5 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

===January(ish) 2020===

====Checkup====
:Talked optometrist into just checking eye health. Eye health was fine.
===June 2019===

====Quit refined sugar====

:Did someone refine the fiber out? I won't eat it. Juice? Unacceptable. Honey? Refined by bees. Maple syrup? Sure, if I'm gnawing on a maple tree. Cane sugar? Sure, if I'm eating the cane alone with it. And so forth.

:NOTE: This took me 20 years of effort before it finally stuck. If at first you don't succeed, try, try, and try again. I get refined sugar on my birthdays.

===July 2018===
====Prescription====
:OD: -5 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 175 axis

:OS: -4.5 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 175 axis
1.61 Blokz Photochromic - Gray

===May 2011===

====Prescription====
:OD: -5 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 168 axis

:OS: -4.5 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 175 axis
===Early 1990s===

Kept forgetting my glasses at home and not being able to see the blackboard clearly from the first row. Annoyed teacher told me I needed to start remembering to bring my glasses. This is when I started wearing glasses full time.

===Late 1980s===

'''I was warned.''' When I was given my first pair of glasses, I was told, repeatedly, ''don't wear these glasses when you don't need them.'' I was living in England at the time. Not sure if it was an English doctor or a US military doctor. In my medical records, my early glasses are "for distance only".

==Why I'm here==
At this point, just habit. Also people with low-to-no myopia are less prone to retinal detachment. Eye problems run in my family. I figure I should do what I can to keep my eyesight in working order.

Things I'd like to be able to see clearly without glasses again:
* the stars

* my toes

==My friends on the Wiki (add yourself!)==

[[User:Kg6gfq|Kg6gfq]]

==Leave a message ==
You won't find me on the EndMyopia forum. But you can leave me an eyeballs-related message here!

Glad you had a good trip! -snax 8/1/22

User:Angel

2022-10-16T23:50:02Z

Angel: /* Why I'm here */

==Anticipated Glasses Future==
===Next glasses ===

====normal/normalized glasses will be brown frames====

OD/Right: -4.00 sphere, -1.50 cylinder, 171 axis

OS/Left: -3.75 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

====closeup/differential glasses====
???

==My Glasses History==

I figured I should track this somewhere and maybe someday I will make enough progress that this level of detail will be interesting to someone besides me. Or maybe just knowing my context is useful. Also adding other non-glasses stuff that could be relevant.
===October 7, 2022===

====[https://wiki.endmyopia.org/wiki/Differentials Close-ups] - gold frames====

Had some icecream last night and chocolate this morning and was crying. My vision is typically worse in the morning and if I've had refined sugar. So I figured this was a good conservative time to test my vision. Tested. It is time. Now using for close-up glasses:

OD/Right: -3.00 sphere, -1.50 cylinder, 171 axis

OS/Left: -2.75 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

===July2022===

====Bike trip ends====

Using borrowed tv screen as monitor. Quit all refined sugar again.

====Bike trip review====

Didn't make any changes while bicycling. Rode my bike a bunch, used the laptop a bunch. Got a bit of a tan. Ate a TON of junk food. ALLLlll the sugary things. Traveled maybe 2,000 miles.

===March 2022===

====Bicycle trip starts====

This is when I left on a bicycle trip. I'm getting lots of sunshine and outdoor time. This is a dramatic change from my winter habits this year, so I won't make any changes to my glasses at this time.

Abandoned keyboard and mouse, no room to pack 'em.
===January 26, 2022===

====Found a free keyboard and mouse.====

Now I can get my laptop further away from my lap. Only problem is, I just switched to new normalized glasses a few days ago! So I am concerned about effectively changing two focal planes at once. Oh well. Will try to be conservative about where I set my computer, while still getting in the habit of using the keyboard and mouse.

In short, I have to be cautious about not effectively changing two focal planes at once.
===January 22, 2022===
====normal glasses - black frames====
OD/right: -4.25 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 171 axis

OS/left: -4 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

=== November 7, 2021===
====Normal glasses====

Couldn't find my original prescription when I wanted to change glasses from my close-ups (differentials) so I decided it was time to switch to my first normalized glasses. It feels like it has been about a month. I also received my over-the-glasses sunglasses yesterday!

:OD/Right -4.50 sphere, -1.50 cylinder, 171 axis

:OS/Left -4.25 sphere,-1.75 cylinder, 176 axis
Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index
===Mid-October 2021===
====[https://wiki.endmyopia.org/wiki/Differentials Close-ups] - blue frames====
:OD/Right: -3.25 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 171 axis

:OS/Left: -3 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

:Zenni frame 411516 because it's got half a dozen colors so I can keep track of new glasses easier, and it's the cheapest metal frames they sell. These frames are blue.
Lens: 1.57 Mid-Index

===Mid-September 2021===

====End Myopia discovery====
: Found endmyopia.org somewhere. I had been looking for wrap-around sunglasses that would work with my prescription, which was apparently not in "cheap sunglasses on Zenni" territory.

====Eating more fiber====
: Figured out I can get most of my vitamins and minerals from 2 cups cooked greens and a can of beans every day. My fiber intake just went up dramatically and permanently.

===July 2021===
====Prescription====
:Right: -4.75 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 171 axis

:Left: -4.5 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 176 axis

===January(ish) 2020===

====Checkup====
:Talked optometrist into just checking eye health. Eye health was fine.
===June 2019===

====Quit refined sugar====

:Did someone refine the fiber out? I won't eat it. Juice? Unacceptable. Honey? Refined by bees. Maple syrup? Sure, if I'm gnawing on a maple tree. Cane sugar? Sure, if I'm eating the cane alone with it. And so forth.

:NOTE: This took me 20 years of effort before it finally stuck. If at first you don't succeed, try, try, and try again. I get refined sugar on my birthdays.

===July 2018===
====Prescription====
:OD: -5 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 175 axis

:OS: -4.5 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 175 axis
1.61 Blokz Photochromic - Gray

===May 2011===

====Prescription====
:OD: -5 sphere, -1.5 cylinder, 168 axis

:OS: -4.5 sphere, -1.75 cylinder, 175 axis
===Early 1990s===

Kept forgetting my glasses at home and not being able to see the blackboard clearly from the first row. Annoyed teacher told me I needed to start remembering to bring my glasses. This is when I started wearing glasses full time.

===Late 1980s===

'''I was warned.''' When I was given my first pair of glasses, I was told, repeatedly, ''don't wear these glasses when you don't need them.'' I was living in England at the time. Not sure if it was an English doctor or a US military doctor. In my medical records, my early glasses are "for distance only".

==Why I'm here==
At this point, just habit. Also people with low-to-no myopia are less prone to retinal detachment. Eye problems run in my family. I figure I should do what I can to keep my eyesight in working order.

Things I'd like to be able to see clearly without glasses again:
* the stars

* my toes

==My friends on the Wiki (add yourself!)==

[[User:Kg6gfq|Kg6gfq]]

==Leave a message ==
You won't find me on the EndMyopia forum. But you can leave me an eyeballs-related message here!

Glad you had a good trip! -snax 8/1/22

Saccades

2022-10-14T17:32:52Z

Angel: Created page with "'''Question''': What are ''Saccades''? '''Answer''': When you move. Your eyes jostle around with slip compensation mechanics. Ur brain filters this out so you shouldn't see i..."

'''Question''': What are ''Saccades''?

'''Answer''': When you move. Your eyes jostle around with slip compensation mechanics. Ur brain filters this out so you shouldn't see it happen. Presumably very healthy to engage it. ''Saccades''. And that's why sedentary isn't a high priority for [[active focus|AF]]

==See also==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccade Wikipedia entry on Saccade]

Clinical Studies

2022-10-14T00:37:58Z

Angel: /* From Discord or the wiki */

Below you can find many third party clinical studies on the progression of myopia and how myopia may be reversed.
==Causes of Myopia==
===Lens induced myopia (LIM) & axial length change in humans===
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20592235/ ''"Significant changes in optical axial length occurred in human subjects after 60 minutes of monocular defocus."'' IOVS, 2010]
*[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-65151-5 ''"The human eye is able to discern the sign of defocus within minutes after exposure to blur and make changes in its axial length in a direction to reduce the amount of retinal blur"'', Scientific Reports, 2020]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16505066/ ''"During relatively short periods of accommodative stimulation, axial length increases in ... young adults"'', IOVS, 2006]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20562668/ ''"The eye undergoes a significant axial elongation associated with a brief period of accommodation..."'', OVS, 2010]
*[https://endmyopia.org/dr-morgan-dr-megaw-preventing-axial-elongation-and-the-development-of-myopia/ ''"It is therefore clear that preventive approaches need to concentrate on measures that prevent or reduce axial elongation, since this would result in a reduction in both the need for refractive correction and the long-term pathological outcomes"'', Acad Med Singapore, 2004]
*[https://endmyopia.org/glasses-make-your-eyes-grow-not-in-a-good-way/ ''"Refractive correction of myopia will lead to accelerated progression"'', OPO, 2007]
*[https://endmyopia.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/The_progression_of_corrected_myopia_with_pages_as_published_clean_10.1007_s00417-015-2991-5.pdf ''"Continuous correction of myopia results in a linear progression that increases myopia..."'', GACEO, 2015]
*[https://europepmc.org/article/med/3688185''"...A reduction in the axial length of the adult eye serves as an emmetropizing mechanism..."'', AJOPO, 1987]
*[https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2711345''"...This study found that small but significant bi-directional changes in SFCT (Sub-Foveal Choroidal Thickening) were caused by retinal defocus in healthy presbyopic subjects aged 50 to 67 years of age...."'', IOVS, 2018]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26010292/''"Small but significant changes in SFCT (Sub-Foveal Choroidal Thickening) (5-8%) were caused by retinal defocus. ."'', OPO, 2015]

===Lens induced myopia (LIM) & axial length change in animals===
*[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1475-1313.1997.97000033.x ''"Extrapolation of these (animal) findings to humans predicts that natural emmetropization (normal eye development) will be inhibited...by early intervention with prescription lenses..."'' OPO, 2007]
*[https://endmyopia.org/can-axial-length-be-reduced-for-less-myopia/ ''"It has been suggested that environmental factors such as extensive near work act as triggers of myopia....The expression of AL (Axial Length) genes activated by environmental factors leads to the elongation of AL (Axial Length)."'' Ophthalmologica, 2011]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23557736/ ''"Hyperopic defocus accelerated vitreous chamber elongation (Axial Length) and produced myopic shifts in refractive error...Following lens removal, the...monkeys recovered from the induced myopia..."'' IOVS, 2013]
*[https://endmyopia.org/eyes-in-various-species-can-shorten-to-compensate-for-myopic-defocus/ ''"We demonstrated that eyes of young animals of various species (chick, tree shrew, marmoset, and rhesus macaque) can shorten in the axial dimension in response to myopic defocus."'' IOVS, 2013]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7839608/ ''"The chick eye is able to change its refractive state by as much as 7 D by pushing the retina forward or pulling it back (when stimulated by lense use)..."'' VR, 1995]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18791175/ ''"Chicks' eyes rapidly compensate for defocus imposed by spectacle lenses...The complex etiology (cause) of human myopia may reflect these temporal properties."'' IOVS, 2009]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12445851/ ''"If the effective focal length of a growing eye is modified by spectacle lenses, the eye compensates by altering its growth, thereby keeping images in focus..."'' VR, 2002]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15980206/ ''"In a matter of minutes, the eye can know which way to grow..."'' IOVS, 2005]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10343811/ ''"...spectacle lenses could predictably alter the growth of...eyes resulting in ... refractive changes in both the hyperopic and myopic directions."'' VR, 1999]

===Nearwork-Induced Transient Myopia (NITM) & Nearwork Causing Permanent Myopia (PM)===
*[https://endmyopia.org/us-national-academy-of-sciences-near-work-causes-myopia/''"Today there no longer seems to be any question that nearwork is a causal factor for myopia. "'' The Lancet, 2000]
*[https://www.aoa.org/healthy-eyes/eye-and-vision-conditions/myopia?sso=y''"People who do an excessive amount of near-vision work may experience a false or "pseudo" myopia...Clear distance vision usually returns after resting the eyes. However, constant visual stress may lead to a permanent reduction in distance vision over time. "'' American Optometric Association]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22943873/''"Near work which is a primary, environmentally based factor in the development and progression of permanent myopia (PM) may take effect via near work-induced transient myopia (NITM)."'' ZYJZZ, 2012]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18339041/''"...based on recent converging evidence from clinical, laboratory and modelling studies, a five-fold argument will be advanced for a possible link between PM (Permanent Myopia) and NITM (Nearwork-Induced Transient Myopia)."'' OPO, 2008]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26244865/''"Continuous reading, close distances of reading, television viewing... and use of fluorescent desk light were significantly associated with myopia... which indicates that visual behaviors and environments may be important factors mediating the effects of near work on myopia.."'' PLoS, 2015]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32075819/''"The current study provides novel evidence, based on objective data, to support the association between the intensity of near work, light intensity and myopia..."'' BrJO, 2020]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18579757/''"Near work such as close reading distance (< 30 cm) and continuous reading (> 30 minutes) independently increased the odds of having myopia in this sample of children."'' IOVS, 2008]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23187872/''"The purpose of the present study was to...investigate the possible relation between NITM (Nearwork-Induced Transient Myopia) and PM (Permanent Myopia); and to determine the possible associations with NITM "'' IOVS, 2008]

==Reversing Myopia==
===Outdoor time & distance vision===
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20592235/ ''"It is now well established that spending more time outdoors during childhood lowers the risk of developing myopia..."'' BrJO, 2020]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18294691/ ''"Outdoor activity reduces the prevalence of myopia in children."'' Opthamology, 2008]
*[https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/139488/1/1-s2.0-S1350946217300393-main.pdf''"The most immediate path to myopia prevention in schools is to increase the amount of time that children spend outdoors within school hours"'' PRES, 2018]
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5233810/''"..VL (Violet Light) is one of the important outdoor environmental factors for myopia control...VL exposure can be a preventive strategy against myopia progression"'' EBioMedecine, 2017]

===Using reduced or no lenses (myopic defocus)===
*[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-65151-5''"The human eye is capable of responding to the presence of blur by changing its axial length, so that the retina moves towards the defocused image plane (using reduced lenses)...These findings provide evidence that the human eye is able to detect and respond to the presence (using reduced lenses)... of blur within minutes."'' Scientific Reports, 2020]

*[https://endmyopia.org/another-study-glasses-cause-rapid-myopia-progression-in-children/''"Our findings suggest that myopic defocus (using reduced lenses) slows the progression of myopia in already myopic children, supporting previous findings from animal studies..."'' IOVS, 2004]
*[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1475-1313.2008.00608.x''"Compared with SV lenses (Normal Glasses), myopia progression was found to be retarded by PALs (Bifocals / Reduced Lenses) to some extent in Chinese children"'' OPO, 2008]
*[https://endmyopia.org/shots-in-the-dark-clinical-myopia-studies/ ''"Results of this study suggest that such children, if myopic, may have an additional benefit of slowed progression of myopia."'' IOVS, 2004]
*[https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2189093&resultClick=1 ''"Eyes of chick, tree shrew, marmoset, and rhesus macaque can shorten axially when presented with myopic defocus...Implications for human myopia control are significant."'' IOVS, 2013]
*[https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2393165 ''"The results suggest that imposed peripheral myopic defocus (reduced lense use) may be able to be used to control on–axis axial elongation (myopia progression)..."'' GACEO, 2017]

===Active Focus (accomodative training or accomodative facility training)===
*[https://endmyopia.org/active-focus-does-it-actually-work-clinical-science/ ''"Training of the accommodative system (active focus)...resulted in improved dynamics...This is consistent with earlier reports in the literature of improvements..."'' OVS, 2009]
*[https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Changes-in-dynamics-of-accommodation-after-facility-Allen-Charman/bb8e6b6b3e843c144582532d3bdbcfba520eba72''"This study evaluates the effect of accommodative facility training (active focus) in myopes and emmetropes (normal sighted)....The results showed that training (active focus) improved the facility rate (results) in both groups..."'' VR, 2010]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10947012/''"These results suggest that accommodative facility training (active focus) is an efficient method built on loss of symptoms among children..."'' DO, 1999]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11727875/''"The result of this study indicates that accommodative facility training (active focus) has a real effect on the amplitude of relative accommodation in patients with impaired relative accommodation..."'' OPO, 2001]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3631199/''"This experiment shows the effectiveness of automated accommodative training (active focus) in reducing asthenopia (eye strain) and improving accommodative facility."'' AmJOPO, 1987]

==LASIK==
A good resource for information about [[LASIK]]: [https://lasikcomplications.com/ lasikcomplications.com]
* [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.5301/ejo.5000025 Less than 20% of people with 10+ diopters will be below 1 diopter just 3 years after LASIK]

==Articles==

===From the blog===
These are blog articles on EndMyopia about clinical studies, but not clinical studies themselves. You may find them interesting. Also see [https://endmyopia.org/category/science/ the science category].

*[https://endmyopia.org/dr-morgan-dr-megaw-preventing-axial-elongation-and-the-development-of-myopia/ what we know about axial elongation of the eye, and its role in the development of myopia (dissertation)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/your-eyes-are-direct-access-to-your-brain-blue-light-reverses-amnesia/ in some cases, memories that are lost due to brain trauma may still be present in the human brain. (animal testing)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/shots-in-the-dark-clinical-myopia-studies/ studies that have considered the negative impact of minus lens use for close-up, and looked into smarter alternatives to “minus for everything”.]
*[https://endmyopia.org/the-role-of-contrast-adaptation-in-myopia-development-reversal/ The Role Of Contrast Adaptation In Myopia Development & Reversal]
*[https://endmyopia.org/no-more-surgery-a-new-eye-drop-dissolves-cataracts/ Researchers in the US have developed a new drug that can be delivered directly into the eye via an eye dropper to shrink down and dissolve cataracts – the leading cause of blindness in humans. (animal testing) (2015)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/the-1960s-harvard-pirate-kitten-experiment-an-unused-eye-goes-blind/ Back in the 1960’s this guy Torsten Wiesel from the Harvard Medical School’s department of neurobiology ran an experiment on kittens. (animal testing)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/forget-thick-contacts-get-thinner-contact-lenses/ On contact lenses]
*[https://endmyopia.org/sugar-risk-diabetic-retinopathy/ Diabetic retinopathy. Or, how your eating habits can take you straight into one of the leading causes of adult blindness.]
*[https://endmyopia.org/glasses-make-your-eyes-grow-not-in-a-good-way/ wearing glasses to correct myopia, will create more myopia.]
*[https://endmyopia.org/steroids-to-boost-dynamic-visual-acuity/ Dynamic Visual Acuity]
*[https://endmyopia.org/night-blindness-seeing-well-bright-vs-dim-light/ Night blindness]
*[https://endmyopia.org/us-national-academy-of-sciences-near-work-causes-myopia/ Near Work Causes Myopia (USNAS)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/lens-induced-myopia-investigative-ophthalmology/ Lens-Induced Myopia]
*[https://endmyopia.org/can-axial-length-be-reduced-for-less-myopia/ Can Axial Length Be Reduced For Less Myopia?]
*[https://endmyopia.org/bi-focal-contact-lenses-for-myopia-control/ Bi-Focal Contact Lenses For Myopia Control]
*[https://endmyopia.org/monkey-see-monkey-do/ Negative lens-induced myopia in infant monkeys: effects of high ambient lighting (animal study)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/breaking-science-discovers-the-cause-of-nearsightedness/ Myopia starts with environmental stimulus, in particular extended close-up focus.]
*[https://endmyopia.org/eye-drop-warning-avoid-benzalkonium-chloride/ Eye Drop Warning: Avoid Benzalkonium Chloride]

*[https://endmyopia.org/the-hong-kong-myopia-epidemic/ The Hong Kong Myopia Epidemic]
*[https://endmyopia.org/the-unstoppable-global-myopia-epidemic-doubles-again/ incidence of childhood myopia among American children has more than doubled over the last 50 years]
*[https://endmyopia.org/glasses-cause-serious-psychological-stress-in-children/ Psychological Stress in Childhood and Myopia Development (OVPJournal)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/cruel-cruel-winter/ Unless you find uncle Jake’s myopia rehab facility, you’re in the lens manufacturer’s drug dealing pocket for life.] (no paper)
*[https://endmyopia.org/improved-glaucoma-detection-singapore-study/ you can reduce your risk of the most common forms of glaucoma]
*[https://endmyopia.org/eyes-in-various-species-can-shorten-to-compensate-for-myopic-defocus/ Eyes in Various Species Can Shorten to Compensate for Myopic Defocus] and [https://endmyopia.org/three-mammals-and-a-bird/ commentary by contributing optometrist] (animal studies)
*[https://endmyopia.org/study-bifocal-contact-lenses-for-myopia-control/ Bifocal contacts control myopia progression better than multifocal spectacles]
*[https://endmyopia.org/geeks-retina-its-own-sensorimotor-apparatus/ A Sensorimotor Account Of Vision And Visual Consciousness (philosophy paper)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/contrast-sensitivity/ contrast sensitivity (no paper)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/is-going-outside-the-cure-for-myopia/ why outdoor time won’t magically prevent myopia onset]
*[https://endmyopia.org/singapore-ophthalmologist-insists-glasses-dont-cause-myopia/ glasses cause more myopia, faster]
*https://endmyopia.org/peripheral-vision-loss/
*https://endmyopia.org/allan-hytowitz-genius-innovator-or-dangerous-heretic/
*https://endmyopia.org/this-woman-sees-99-million-more-colors-than-you/
*https://endmyopia.org/neural-response-to-flicker-rates-artificial-light-causes-myopia/
*https://endmyopia.org/ophthalmology-science-glasses-cause-myopia-period/
*https://endmyopia.org/coopervision-misight-contact-lenses-breakthrough-myopia-control/
*https://endmyopia.org/myopia-madness-glasses-way-strong/
*https://endmyopia.org/retail-optometry-even-science/
*https://endmyopia.org/eye-uses-chromatic-aberration-to-guide-axial-change/
*https://endmyopia.org/american-journal-of-optometry-adult-reduction-in-axial-length/
*https://endmyopia.org/studies-does-undercorrection-cause-more-myopia/
*https://endmyopia.org/science-confirms-human-eye-axial-length-change-lens-use/
*https://endmyopia.org/another-study-glasses-cause-rapid-myopia-progression-in-children/
*https://endmyopia.org/active-focus-does-it-actually-work-clinical-science/
*https://endmyopia.org/refractive-error-myopia-concept/
*https://endmyopia.org/shocking-news-not-all-ophthalmologists-are-retarded/
*https://endmyopia.org/optics-diopters-all-the-nerdy-maths/
*https://endmyopia.org/astigmatism-part-of-natural-focus-understanding-the-brains-autofocus-mechanism/
*https://endmyopia.org/can-this-tiny-piece-of-paper-replace-your-optometrist/
*https://endmyopia.org/why-is-my-eyesight-worse-in-low-light-indoors-dusk-night-time/
*https://endmyopia.org/study-outdoor-activity-reduces-myopia-onset-in-children/
*https://endmyopia.org/study-failure-to-discuss-myopia-control-verging-on-negligent/
*https://endmyopia.org/why-you-are-nearsighted-an-animation/
===From the forum===

Here are papers people have mentioned on the forum:

* [https://www.visionsofjoy.org/pdfs/OrfieldSeeingSpace.pdf Seeing Space: Undergoing Brain Reprogramming to Reduce Myopia] by Antonia Marie Orfield (1994); [https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/bostonglobe/name/antonia-orfield-obituary?id=24225499 Author's obituary]

*[https://community.endmyopia.org/t/showdown-experiment-will-enough-outdoor-vision-shorten-my-eyes/6423/200 a paper which tries to model how the human (and generally mammalian) eyes focus on objects (animal study)] [https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2011/10/deciphering-brains-autofocus-mechanism (short article)], [https://www.pnas.org/content/108/40/16849 (full paper)]
*[https://community.endmyopia.org/t/been-to-the-opto-but-with-unexpecting-results-glaucoma/5203/5 a proto-endmyopia thing] [https://the-eye.eu/public/concen.org/Five_Health_Classics/BENJAMIN%2C%20Harry%20-%20Better%20Sight%20Without%20Glasses%20%281962%29.pdf (here is the direct link to an old book, start with page 102.)]
*[https://community.endmyopia.org/t/been-to-the-opto-but-with-unexpecting-results-glaucoma/5203/19 If you have glaucoma, try vitamin b3] (Clin & Exp Ophtalm. Sept. 2020, doi: 10.1111/ceo.13818)
*[https://community.endmyopia.org/t/my-journey-from-4-25-halmadavid/5080/245 Probability of myopia in children with high refined carbohydrates consumption in France] [https://bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12886-020-01602-x (direct link to research article)]
*[https://community.endmyopia.org/t/doubts-about-the-need-for-outdoors-and-avoiding-screen-time/8940/18 on the effects of outdoor light on myopia progression] [https://www.nature.com/articles/519276a (direct link to article)]
* [http://www.myopia.org/bifocals.htm Bifocal Control of Myopia study by Oakley and Young, 1975.]
*[https://community.endmyopia.org/uploads/short-url/2WB7z5dmF3Rk7tdwlslsf9zcwh0.pdf Visual Conditions of Symphony Musicians]

* a bunch at [https://community.endmyopia.org/t/better-than-eye-chart/15290/11 Better than eye chart?] [https://www.dyop.info/documents/Measuring_Visual_Cylinder_and_Axis_with_a_Dyop.pdf (pdf)], [https://www.bitchute.com/video/yPeGRG4qWQsi/ (visual acuity testing demo)], [https://www.dyop.info/documents/How_We_See.pdf (how we see pdf)], [https://www.dyop.info/documents/Snellen_vs_Dyop-Cataracts_Gordon.pdf (pdf)], [https://www.dyop.info/documents/Snellen_vs_Dyop_Refractions-Sanni.pdf (pdf)], [https://www.dyop.info/documents/Dyslexia_and_Color_Perception-SandraStark.pdf (pdf)], [https://www.dyop.info/documents/Which_Optotype_Are_You_Using.pdf (pdf)], etc. Discussion is about a proprietary tool that works better than the Snellen chart.
===From Discord or the wiki===

* [https://ia803109.us.archive.org/32/items/BETTERSIGHTWITHOUTGLASSESHarryBenjamin/BETTER%20SIGHT%20WITHOUT%20GLASSES%20harry%20benjamin.pdf Better sight without glasses by Dr. Harry Benjamin] (pdf) (related to [[Bates Method]], first published 1929)
[[Category:Articles]]

Clinical Studies

2022-10-14T00:37:13Z

Angel: /* From Discord or the wiki */

Below you can find many third party clinical studies on the progression of myopia and how myopia may be reversed.
==Causes of Myopia==
===Lens induced myopia (LIM) & axial length change in humans===
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20592235/ ''"Significant changes in optical axial length occurred in human subjects after 60 minutes of monocular defocus."'' IOVS, 2010]
*[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-65151-5 ''"The human eye is able to discern the sign of defocus within minutes after exposure to blur and make changes in its axial length in a direction to reduce the amount of retinal blur"'', Scientific Reports, 2020]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16505066/ ''"During relatively short periods of accommodative stimulation, axial length increases in ... young adults"'', IOVS, 2006]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20562668/ ''"The eye undergoes a significant axial elongation associated with a brief period of accommodation..."'', OVS, 2010]
*[https://endmyopia.org/dr-morgan-dr-megaw-preventing-axial-elongation-and-the-development-of-myopia/ ''"It is therefore clear that preventive approaches need to concentrate on measures that prevent or reduce axial elongation, since this would result in a reduction in both the need for refractive correction and the long-term pathological outcomes"'', Acad Med Singapore, 2004]
*[https://endmyopia.org/glasses-make-your-eyes-grow-not-in-a-good-way/ ''"Refractive correction of myopia will lead to accelerated progression"'', OPO, 2007]
*[https://endmyopia.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/The_progression_of_corrected_myopia_with_pages_as_published_clean_10.1007_s00417-015-2991-5.pdf ''"Continuous correction of myopia results in a linear progression that increases myopia..."'', GACEO, 2015]
*[https://europepmc.org/article/med/3688185''"...A reduction in the axial length of the adult eye serves as an emmetropizing mechanism..."'', AJOPO, 1987]
*[https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2711345''"...This study found that small but significant bi-directional changes in SFCT (Sub-Foveal Choroidal Thickening) were caused by retinal defocus in healthy presbyopic subjects aged 50 to 67 years of age...."'', IOVS, 2018]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26010292/''"Small but significant changes in SFCT (Sub-Foveal Choroidal Thickening) (5-8%) were caused by retinal defocus. ."'', OPO, 2015]

===Lens induced myopia (LIM) & axial length change in animals===
*[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1475-1313.1997.97000033.x ''"Extrapolation of these (animal) findings to humans predicts that natural emmetropization (normal eye development) will be inhibited...by early intervention with prescription lenses..."'' OPO, 2007]
*[https://endmyopia.org/can-axial-length-be-reduced-for-less-myopia/ ''"It has been suggested that environmental factors such as extensive near work act as triggers of myopia....The expression of AL (Axial Length) genes activated by environmental factors leads to the elongation of AL (Axial Length)."'' Ophthalmologica, 2011]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23557736/ ''"Hyperopic defocus accelerated vitreous chamber elongation (Axial Length) and produced myopic shifts in refractive error...Following lens removal, the...monkeys recovered from the induced myopia..."'' IOVS, 2013]
*[https://endmyopia.org/eyes-in-various-species-can-shorten-to-compensate-for-myopic-defocus/ ''"We demonstrated that eyes of young animals of various species (chick, tree shrew, marmoset, and rhesus macaque) can shorten in the axial dimension in response to myopic defocus."'' IOVS, 2013]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7839608/ ''"The chick eye is able to change its refractive state by as much as 7 D by pushing the retina forward or pulling it back (when stimulated by lense use)..."'' VR, 1995]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18791175/ ''"Chicks' eyes rapidly compensate for defocus imposed by spectacle lenses...The complex etiology (cause) of human myopia may reflect these temporal properties."'' IOVS, 2009]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12445851/ ''"If the effective focal length of a growing eye is modified by spectacle lenses, the eye compensates by altering its growth, thereby keeping images in focus..."'' VR, 2002]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15980206/ ''"In a matter of minutes, the eye can know which way to grow..."'' IOVS, 2005]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10343811/ ''"...spectacle lenses could predictably alter the growth of...eyes resulting in ... refractive changes in both the hyperopic and myopic directions."'' VR, 1999]

===Nearwork-Induced Transient Myopia (NITM) & Nearwork Causing Permanent Myopia (PM)===
*[https://endmyopia.org/us-national-academy-of-sciences-near-work-causes-myopia/''"Today there no longer seems to be any question that nearwork is a causal factor for myopia. "'' The Lancet, 2000]
*[https://www.aoa.org/healthy-eyes/eye-and-vision-conditions/myopia?sso=y''"People who do an excessive amount of near-vision work may experience a false or "pseudo" myopia...Clear distance vision usually returns after resting the eyes. However, constant visual stress may lead to a permanent reduction in distance vision over time. "'' American Optometric Association]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22943873/''"Near work which is a primary, environmentally based factor in the development and progression of permanent myopia (PM) may take effect via near work-induced transient myopia (NITM)."'' ZYJZZ, 2012]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18339041/''"...based on recent converging evidence from clinical, laboratory and modelling studies, a five-fold argument will be advanced for a possible link between PM (Permanent Myopia) and NITM (Nearwork-Induced Transient Myopia)."'' OPO, 2008]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26244865/''"Continuous reading, close distances of reading, television viewing... and use of fluorescent desk light were significantly associated with myopia... which indicates that visual behaviors and environments may be important factors mediating the effects of near work on myopia.."'' PLoS, 2015]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32075819/''"The current study provides novel evidence, based on objective data, to support the association between the intensity of near work, light intensity and myopia..."'' BrJO, 2020]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18579757/''"Near work such as close reading distance (< 30 cm) and continuous reading (> 30 minutes) independently increased the odds of having myopia in this sample of children."'' IOVS, 2008]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23187872/''"The purpose of the present study was to...investigate the possible relation between NITM (Nearwork-Induced Transient Myopia) and PM (Permanent Myopia); and to determine the possible associations with NITM "'' IOVS, 2008]

==Reversing Myopia==
===Outdoor time & distance vision===
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20592235/ ''"It is now well established that spending more time outdoors during childhood lowers the risk of developing myopia..."'' BrJO, 2020]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18294691/ ''"Outdoor activity reduces the prevalence of myopia in children."'' Opthamology, 2008]
*[https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/139488/1/1-s2.0-S1350946217300393-main.pdf''"The most immediate path to myopia prevention in schools is to increase the amount of time that children spend outdoors within school hours"'' PRES, 2018]
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5233810/''"..VL (Violet Light) is one of the important outdoor environmental factors for myopia control...VL exposure can be a preventive strategy against myopia progression"'' EBioMedecine, 2017]

===Using reduced or no lenses (myopic defocus)===
*[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-65151-5''"The human eye is capable of responding to the presence of blur by changing its axial length, so that the retina moves towards the defocused image plane (using reduced lenses)...These findings provide evidence that the human eye is able to detect and respond to the presence (using reduced lenses)... of blur within minutes."'' Scientific Reports, 2020]

*[https://endmyopia.org/another-study-glasses-cause-rapid-myopia-progression-in-children/''"Our findings suggest that myopic defocus (using reduced lenses) slows the progression of myopia in already myopic children, supporting previous findings from animal studies..."'' IOVS, 2004]
*[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1475-1313.2008.00608.x''"Compared with SV lenses (Normal Glasses), myopia progression was found to be retarded by PALs (Bifocals / Reduced Lenses) to some extent in Chinese children"'' OPO, 2008]
*[https://endmyopia.org/shots-in-the-dark-clinical-myopia-studies/ ''"Results of this study suggest that such children, if myopic, may have an additional benefit of slowed progression of myopia."'' IOVS, 2004]
*[https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2189093&resultClick=1 ''"Eyes of chick, tree shrew, marmoset, and rhesus macaque can shorten axially when presented with myopic defocus...Implications for human myopia control are significant."'' IOVS, 2013]
*[https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2393165 ''"The results suggest that imposed peripheral myopic defocus (reduced lense use) may be able to be used to control on–axis axial elongation (myopia progression)..."'' GACEO, 2017]

===Active Focus (accomodative training or accomodative facility training)===
*[https://endmyopia.org/active-focus-does-it-actually-work-clinical-science/ ''"Training of the accommodative system (active focus)...resulted in improved dynamics...This is consistent with earlier reports in the literature of improvements..."'' OVS, 2009]
*[https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Changes-in-dynamics-of-accommodation-after-facility-Allen-Charman/bb8e6b6b3e843c144582532d3bdbcfba520eba72''"This study evaluates the effect of accommodative facility training (active focus) in myopes and emmetropes (normal sighted)....The results showed that training (active focus) improved the facility rate (results) in both groups..."'' VR, 2010]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10947012/''"These results suggest that accommodative facility training (active focus) is an efficient method built on loss of symptoms among children..."'' DO, 1999]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11727875/''"The result of this study indicates that accommodative facility training (active focus) has a real effect on the amplitude of relative accommodation in patients with impaired relative accommodation..."'' OPO, 2001]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3631199/''"This experiment shows the effectiveness of automated accommodative training (active focus) in reducing asthenopia (eye strain) and improving accommodative facility."'' AmJOPO, 1987]

==LASIK==
A good resource for information about [[LASIK]]: [https://lasikcomplications.com/ lasikcomplications.com]
* [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.5301/ejo.5000025 Less than 20% of people with 10+ diopters will be below 1 diopter just 3 years after LASIK]

==Articles==

===From the blog===
These are blog articles on EndMyopia about clinical studies, but not clinical studies themselves. You may find them interesting. Also see [https://endmyopia.org/category/science/ the science category].

*[https://endmyopia.org/dr-morgan-dr-megaw-preventing-axial-elongation-and-the-development-of-myopia/ what we know about axial elongation of the eye, and its role in the development of myopia (dissertation)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/your-eyes-are-direct-access-to-your-brain-blue-light-reverses-amnesia/ in some cases, memories that are lost due to brain trauma may still be present in the human brain. (animal testing)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/shots-in-the-dark-clinical-myopia-studies/ studies that have considered the negative impact of minus lens use for close-up, and looked into smarter alternatives to “minus for everything”.]
*[https://endmyopia.org/the-role-of-contrast-adaptation-in-myopia-development-reversal/ The Role Of Contrast Adaptation In Myopia Development & Reversal]
*[https://endmyopia.org/no-more-surgery-a-new-eye-drop-dissolves-cataracts/ Researchers in the US have developed a new drug that can be delivered directly into the eye via an eye dropper to shrink down and dissolve cataracts – the leading cause of blindness in humans. (animal testing) (2015)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/the-1960s-harvard-pirate-kitten-experiment-an-unused-eye-goes-blind/ Back in the 1960’s this guy Torsten Wiesel from the Harvard Medical School’s department of neurobiology ran an experiment on kittens. (animal testing)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/forget-thick-contacts-get-thinner-contact-lenses/ On contact lenses]
*[https://endmyopia.org/sugar-risk-diabetic-retinopathy/ Diabetic retinopathy. Or, how your eating habits can take you straight into one of the leading causes of adult blindness.]
*[https://endmyopia.org/glasses-make-your-eyes-grow-not-in-a-good-way/ wearing glasses to correct myopia, will create more myopia.]
*[https://endmyopia.org/steroids-to-boost-dynamic-visual-acuity/ Dynamic Visual Acuity]
*[https://endmyopia.org/night-blindness-seeing-well-bright-vs-dim-light/ Night blindness]
*[https://endmyopia.org/us-national-academy-of-sciences-near-work-causes-myopia/ Near Work Causes Myopia (USNAS)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/lens-induced-myopia-investigative-ophthalmology/ Lens-Induced Myopia]
*[https://endmyopia.org/can-axial-length-be-reduced-for-less-myopia/ Can Axial Length Be Reduced For Less Myopia?]
*[https://endmyopia.org/bi-focal-contact-lenses-for-myopia-control/ Bi-Focal Contact Lenses For Myopia Control]
*[https://endmyopia.org/monkey-see-monkey-do/ Negative lens-induced myopia in infant monkeys: effects of high ambient lighting (animal study)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/breaking-science-discovers-the-cause-of-nearsightedness/ Myopia starts with environmental stimulus, in particular extended close-up focus.]
*[https://endmyopia.org/eye-drop-warning-avoid-benzalkonium-chloride/ Eye Drop Warning: Avoid Benzalkonium Chloride]

*[https://endmyopia.org/the-hong-kong-myopia-epidemic/ The Hong Kong Myopia Epidemic]
*[https://endmyopia.org/the-unstoppable-global-myopia-epidemic-doubles-again/ incidence of childhood myopia among American children has more than doubled over the last 50 years]
*[https://endmyopia.org/glasses-cause-serious-psychological-stress-in-children/ Psychological Stress in Childhood and Myopia Development (OVPJournal)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/cruel-cruel-winter/ Unless you find uncle Jake’s myopia rehab facility, you’re in the lens manufacturer’s drug dealing pocket for life.] (no paper)
*[https://endmyopia.org/improved-glaucoma-detection-singapore-study/ you can reduce your risk of the most common forms of glaucoma]
*[https://endmyopia.org/eyes-in-various-species-can-shorten-to-compensate-for-myopic-defocus/ Eyes in Various Species Can Shorten to Compensate for Myopic Defocus] and [https://endmyopia.org/three-mammals-and-a-bird/ commentary by contributing optometrist] (animal studies)
*[https://endmyopia.org/study-bifocal-contact-lenses-for-myopia-control/ Bifocal contacts control myopia progression better than multifocal spectacles]
*[https://endmyopia.org/geeks-retina-its-own-sensorimotor-apparatus/ A Sensorimotor Account Of Vision And Visual Consciousness (philosophy paper)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/contrast-sensitivity/ contrast sensitivity (no paper)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/is-going-outside-the-cure-for-myopia/ why outdoor time won’t magically prevent myopia onset]
*[https://endmyopia.org/singapore-ophthalmologist-insists-glasses-dont-cause-myopia/ glasses cause more myopia, faster]
*https://endmyopia.org/peripheral-vision-loss/
*https://endmyopia.org/allan-hytowitz-genius-innovator-or-dangerous-heretic/
*https://endmyopia.org/this-woman-sees-99-million-more-colors-than-you/
*https://endmyopia.org/neural-response-to-flicker-rates-artificial-light-causes-myopia/
*https://endmyopia.org/ophthalmology-science-glasses-cause-myopia-period/
*https://endmyopia.org/coopervision-misight-contact-lenses-breakthrough-myopia-control/
*https://endmyopia.org/myopia-madness-glasses-way-strong/
*https://endmyopia.org/retail-optometry-even-science/
*https://endmyopia.org/eye-uses-chromatic-aberration-to-guide-axial-change/
*https://endmyopia.org/american-journal-of-optometry-adult-reduction-in-axial-length/
*https://endmyopia.org/studies-does-undercorrection-cause-more-myopia/
*https://endmyopia.org/science-confirms-human-eye-axial-length-change-lens-use/
*https://endmyopia.org/another-study-glasses-cause-rapid-myopia-progression-in-children/
*https://endmyopia.org/active-focus-does-it-actually-work-clinical-science/
*https://endmyopia.org/refractive-error-myopia-concept/
*https://endmyopia.org/shocking-news-not-all-ophthalmologists-are-retarded/
*https://endmyopia.org/optics-diopters-all-the-nerdy-maths/
*https://endmyopia.org/astigmatism-part-of-natural-focus-understanding-the-brains-autofocus-mechanism/
*https://endmyopia.org/can-this-tiny-piece-of-paper-replace-your-optometrist/
*https://endmyopia.org/why-is-my-eyesight-worse-in-low-light-indoors-dusk-night-time/
*https://endmyopia.org/study-outdoor-activity-reduces-myopia-onset-in-children/
*https://endmyopia.org/study-failure-to-discuss-myopia-control-verging-on-negligent/
*https://endmyopia.org/why-you-are-nearsighted-an-animation/
===From the forum===

Here are papers people have mentioned on the forum:

* [https://www.visionsofjoy.org/pdfs/OrfieldSeeingSpace.pdf Seeing Space: Undergoing Brain Reprogramming to Reduce Myopia] by Antonia Marie Orfield (1994); [https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/bostonglobe/name/antonia-orfield-obituary?id=24225499 Author's obituary]

*[https://community.endmyopia.org/t/showdown-experiment-will-enough-outdoor-vision-shorten-my-eyes/6423/200 a paper which tries to model how the human (and generally mammalian) eyes focus on objects (animal study)] [https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2011/10/deciphering-brains-autofocus-mechanism (short article)], [https://www.pnas.org/content/108/40/16849 (full paper)]
*[https://community.endmyopia.org/t/been-to-the-opto-but-with-unexpecting-results-glaucoma/5203/5 a proto-endmyopia thing] [https://the-eye.eu/public/concen.org/Five_Health_Classics/BENJAMIN%2C%20Harry%20-%20Better%20Sight%20Without%20Glasses%20%281962%29.pdf (here is the direct link to an old book, start with page 102.)]
*[https://community.endmyopia.org/t/been-to-the-opto-but-with-unexpecting-results-glaucoma/5203/19 If you have glaucoma, try vitamin b3] (Clin & Exp Ophtalm. Sept. 2020, doi: 10.1111/ceo.13818)
*[https://community.endmyopia.org/t/my-journey-from-4-25-halmadavid/5080/245 Probability of myopia in children with high refined carbohydrates consumption in France] [https://bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12886-020-01602-x (direct link to research article)]
*[https://community.endmyopia.org/t/doubts-about-the-need-for-outdoors-and-avoiding-screen-time/8940/18 on the effects of outdoor light on myopia progression] [https://www.nature.com/articles/519276a (direct link to article)]
* [http://www.myopia.org/bifocals.htm Bifocal Control of Myopia study by Oakley and Young, 1975.]
*[https://community.endmyopia.org/uploads/short-url/2WB7z5dmF3Rk7tdwlslsf9zcwh0.pdf Visual Conditions of Symphony Musicians]

* a bunch at [https://community.endmyopia.org/t/better-than-eye-chart/15290/11 Better than eye chart?] [https://www.dyop.info/documents/Measuring_Visual_Cylinder_and_Axis_with_a_Dyop.pdf (pdf)], [https://www.bitchute.com/video/yPeGRG4qWQsi/ (visual acuity testing demo)], [https://www.dyop.info/documents/How_We_See.pdf (how we see pdf)], [https://www.dyop.info/documents/Snellen_vs_Dyop-Cataracts_Gordon.pdf (pdf)], [https://www.dyop.info/documents/Snellen_vs_Dyop_Refractions-Sanni.pdf (pdf)], [https://www.dyop.info/documents/Dyslexia_and_Color_Perception-SandraStark.pdf (pdf)], [https://www.dyop.info/documents/Which_Optotype_Are_You_Using.pdf (pdf)], etc. Discussion is about a proprietary tool that works better than the Snellen chart.
===From Discord or the wiki===

* [https://ia803109.us.archive.org/32/items/BETTERSIGHTWITHOUTGLASSESHarryBenjamin/BETTER%20SIGHT%20WITHOUT%20GLASSES%20harry%20benjamin.pdf Better sight without glasses by Dr. Harry Benjamin] (pdf) (first published 1929)
[[Category:Articles]]

Clinical Studies

2022-10-14T00:35:44Z

Angel: /* From Discord or the wiki */

Below you can find many third party clinical studies on the progression of myopia and how myopia may be reversed.
==Causes of Myopia==
===Lens induced myopia (LIM) & axial length change in humans===
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20592235/ ''"Significant changes in optical axial length occurred in human subjects after 60 minutes of monocular defocus."'' IOVS, 2010]
*[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-65151-5 ''"The human eye is able to discern the sign of defocus within minutes after exposure to blur and make changes in its axial length in a direction to reduce the amount of retinal blur"'', Scientific Reports, 2020]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16505066/ ''"During relatively short periods of accommodative stimulation, axial length increases in ... young adults"'', IOVS, 2006]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20562668/ ''"The eye undergoes a significant axial elongation associated with a brief period of accommodation..."'', OVS, 2010]
*[https://endmyopia.org/dr-morgan-dr-megaw-preventing-axial-elongation-and-the-development-of-myopia/ ''"It is therefore clear that preventive approaches need to concentrate on measures that prevent or reduce axial elongation, since this would result in a reduction in both the need for refractive correction and the long-term pathological outcomes"'', Acad Med Singapore, 2004]
*[https://endmyopia.org/glasses-make-your-eyes-grow-not-in-a-good-way/ ''"Refractive correction of myopia will lead to accelerated progression"'', OPO, 2007]
*[https://endmyopia.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/The_progression_of_corrected_myopia_with_pages_as_published_clean_10.1007_s00417-015-2991-5.pdf ''"Continuous correction of myopia results in a linear progression that increases myopia..."'', GACEO, 2015]
*[https://europepmc.org/article/med/3688185''"...A reduction in the axial length of the adult eye serves as an emmetropizing mechanism..."'', AJOPO, 1987]
*[https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2711345''"...This study found that small but significant bi-directional changes in SFCT (Sub-Foveal Choroidal Thickening) were caused by retinal defocus in healthy presbyopic subjects aged 50 to 67 years of age...."'', IOVS, 2018]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26010292/''"Small but significant changes in SFCT (Sub-Foveal Choroidal Thickening) (5-8%) were caused by retinal defocus. ."'', OPO, 2015]

===Lens induced myopia (LIM) & axial length change in animals===
*[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1475-1313.1997.97000033.x ''"Extrapolation of these (animal) findings to humans predicts that natural emmetropization (normal eye development) will be inhibited...by early intervention with prescription lenses..."'' OPO, 2007]
*[https://endmyopia.org/can-axial-length-be-reduced-for-less-myopia/ ''"It has been suggested that environmental factors such as extensive near work act as triggers of myopia....The expression of AL (Axial Length) genes activated by environmental factors leads to the elongation of AL (Axial Length)."'' Ophthalmologica, 2011]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23557736/ ''"Hyperopic defocus accelerated vitreous chamber elongation (Axial Length) and produced myopic shifts in refractive error...Following lens removal, the...monkeys recovered from the induced myopia..."'' IOVS, 2013]
*[https://endmyopia.org/eyes-in-various-species-can-shorten-to-compensate-for-myopic-defocus/ ''"We demonstrated that eyes of young animals of various species (chick, tree shrew, marmoset, and rhesus macaque) can shorten in the axial dimension in response to myopic defocus."'' IOVS, 2013]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7839608/ ''"The chick eye is able to change its refractive state by as much as 7 D by pushing the retina forward or pulling it back (when stimulated by lense use)..."'' VR, 1995]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18791175/ ''"Chicks' eyes rapidly compensate for defocus imposed by spectacle lenses...The complex etiology (cause) of human myopia may reflect these temporal properties."'' IOVS, 2009]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12445851/ ''"If the effective focal length of a growing eye is modified by spectacle lenses, the eye compensates by altering its growth, thereby keeping images in focus..."'' VR, 2002]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15980206/ ''"In a matter of minutes, the eye can know which way to grow..."'' IOVS, 2005]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10343811/ ''"...spectacle lenses could predictably alter the growth of...eyes resulting in ... refractive changes in both the hyperopic and myopic directions."'' VR, 1999]

===Nearwork-Induced Transient Myopia (NITM) & Nearwork Causing Permanent Myopia (PM)===
*[https://endmyopia.org/us-national-academy-of-sciences-near-work-causes-myopia/''"Today there no longer seems to be any question that nearwork is a causal factor for myopia. "'' The Lancet, 2000]
*[https://www.aoa.org/healthy-eyes/eye-and-vision-conditions/myopia?sso=y''"People who do an excessive amount of near-vision work may experience a false or "pseudo" myopia...Clear distance vision usually returns after resting the eyes. However, constant visual stress may lead to a permanent reduction in distance vision over time. "'' American Optometric Association]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22943873/''"Near work which is a primary, environmentally based factor in the development and progression of permanent myopia (PM) may take effect via near work-induced transient myopia (NITM)."'' ZYJZZ, 2012]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18339041/''"...based on recent converging evidence from clinical, laboratory and modelling studies, a five-fold argument will be advanced for a possible link between PM (Permanent Myopia) and NITM (Nearwork-Induced Transient Myopia)."'' OPO, 2008]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26244865/''"Continuous reading, close distances of reading, television viewing... and use of fluorescent desk light were significantly associated with myopia... which indicates that visual behaviors and environments may be important factors mediating the effects of near work on myopia.."'' PLoS, 2015]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32075819/''"The current study provides novel evidence, based on objective data, to support the association between the intensity of near work, light intensity and myopia..."'' BrJO, 2020]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18579757/''"Near work such as close reading distance (< 30 cm) and continuous reading (> 30 minutes) independently increased the odds of having myopia in this sample of children."'' IOVS, 2008]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23187872/''"The purpose of the present study was to...investigate the possible relation between NITM (Nearwork-Induced Transient Myopia) and PM (Permanent Myopia); and to determine the possible associations with NITM "'' IOVS, 2008]

==Reversing Myopia==
===Outdoor time & distance vision===
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20592235/ ''"It is now well established that spending more time outdoors during childhood lowers the risk of developing myopia..."'' BrJO, 2020]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18294691/ ''"Outdoor activity reduces the prevalence of myopia in children."'' Opthamology, 2008]
*[https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/139488/1/1-s2.0-S1350946217300393-main.pdf''"The most immediate path to myopia prevention in schools is to increase the amount of time that children spend outdoors within school hours"'' PRES, 2018]
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5233810/''"..VL (Violet Light) is one of the important outdoor environmental factors for myopia control...VL exposure can be a preventive strategy against myopia progression"'' EBioMedecine, 2017]

===Using reduced or no lenses (myopic defocus)===
*[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-65151-5''"The human eye is capable of responding to the presence of blur by changing its axial length, so that the retina moves towards the defocused image plane (using reduced lenses)...These findings provide evidence that the human eye is able to detect and respond to the presence (using reduced lenses)... of blur within minutes."'' Scientific Reports, 2020]

*[https://endmyopia.org/another-study-glasses-cause-rapid-myopia-progression-in-children/''"Our findings suggest that myopic defocus (using reduced lenses) slows the progression of myopia in already myopic children, supporting previous findings from animal studies..."'' IOVS, 2004]
*[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1475-1313.2008.00608.x''"Compared with SV lenses (Normal Glasses), myopia progression was found to be retarded by PALs (Bifocals / Reduced Lenses) to some extent in Chinese children"'' OPO, 2008]
*[https://endmyopia.org/shots-in-the-dark-clinical-myopia-studies/ ''"Results of this study suggest that such children, if myopic, may have an additional benefit of slowed progression of myopia."'' IOVS, 2004]
*[https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2189093&resultClick=1 ''"Eyes of chick, tree shrew, marmoset, and rhesus macaque can shorten axially when presented with myopic defocus...Implications for human myopia control are significant."'' IOVS, 2013]
*[https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2393165 ''"The results suggest that imposed peripheral myopic defocus (reduced lense use) may be able to be used to control on–axis axial elongation (myopia progression)..."'' GACEO, 2017]

===Active Focus (accomodative training or accomodative facility training)===
*[https://endmyopia.org/active-focus-does-it-actually-work-clinical-science/ ''"Training of the accommodative system (active focus)...resulted in improved dynamics...This is consistent with earlier reports in the literature of improvements..."'' OVS, 2009]
*[https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Changes-in-dynamics-of-accommodation-after-facility-Allen-Charman/bb8e6b6b3e843c144582532d3bdbcfba520eba72''"This study evaluates the effect of accommodative facility training (active focus) in myopes and emmetropes (normal sighted)....The results showed that training (active focus) improved the facility rate (results) in both groups..."'' VR, 2010]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10947012/''"These results suggest that accommodative facility training (active focus) is an efficient method built on loss of symptoms among children..."'' DO, 1999]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11727875/''"The result of this study indicates that accommodative facility training (active focus) has a real effect on the amplitude of relative accommodation in patients with impaired relative accommodation..."'' OPO, 2001]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3631199/''"This experiment shows the effectiveness of automated accommodative training (active focus) in reducing asthenopia (eye strain) and improving accommodative facility."'' AmJOPO, 1987]

==LASIK==
A good resource for information about [[LASIK]]: [https://lasikcomplications.com/ lasikcomplications.com]
* [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.5301/ejo.5000025 Less than 20% of people with 10+ diopters will be below 1 diopter just 3 years after LASIK]

==Articles==

===From the blog===
These are blog articles on EndMyopia about clinical studies, but not clinical studies themselves. You may find them interesting. Also see [https://endmyopia.org/category/science/ the science category].

*[https://endmyopia.org/dr-morgan-dr-megaw-preventing-axial-elongation-and-the-development-of-myopia/ what we know about axial elongation of the eye, and its role in the development of myopia (dissertation)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/your-eyes-are-direct-access-to-your-brain-blue-light-reverses-amnesia/ in some cases, memories that are lost due to brain trauma may still be present in the human brain. (animal testing)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/shots-in-the-dark-clinical-myopia-studies/ studies that have considered the negative impact of minus lens use for close-up, and looked into smarter alternatives to “minus for everything”.]
*[https://endmyopia.org/the-role-of-contrast-adaptation-in-myopia-development-reversal/ The Role Of Contrast Adaptation In Myopia Development & Reversal]
*[https://endmyopia.org/no-more-surgery-a-new-eye-drop-dissolves-cataracts/ Researchers in the US have developed a new drug that can be delivered directly into the eye via an eye dropper to shrink down and dissolve cataracts – the leading cause of blindness in humans. (animal testing) (2015)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/the-1960s-harvard-pirate-kitten-experiment-an-unused-eye-goes-blind/ Back in the 1960’s this guy Torsten Wiesel from the Harvard Medical School’s department of neurobiology ran an experiment on kittens. (animal testing)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/forget-thick-contacts-get-thinner-contact-lenses/ On contact lenses]
*[https://endmyopia.org/sugar-risk-diabetic-retinopathy/ Diabetic retinopathy. Or, how your eating habits can take you straight into one of the leading causes of adult blindness.]
*[https://endmyopia.org/glasses-make-your-eyes-grow-not-in-a-good-way/ wearing glasses to correct myopia, will create more myopia.]
*[https://endmyopia.org/steroids-to-boost-dynamic-visual-acuity/ Dynamic Visual Acuity]
*[https://endmyopia.org/night-blindness-seeing-well-bright-vs-dim-light/ Night blindness]
*[https://endmyopia.org/us-national-academy-of-sciences-near-work-causes-myopia/ Near Work Causes Myopia (USNAS)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/lens-induced-myopia-investigative-ophthalmology/ Lens-Induced Myopia]
*[https://endmyopia.org/can-axial-length-be-reduced-for-less-myopia/ Can Axial Length Be Reduced For Less Myopia?]
*[https://endmyopia.org/bi-focal-contact-lenses-for-myopia-control/ Bi-Focal Contact Lenses For Myopia Control]
*[https://endmyopia.org/monkey-see-monkey-do/ Negative lens-induced myopia in infant monkeys: effects of high ambient lighting (animal study)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/breaking-science-discovers-the-cause-of-nearsightedness/ Myopia starts with environmental stimulus, in particular extended close-up focus.]
*[https://endmyopia.org/eye-drop-warning-avoid-benzalkonium-chloride/ Eye Drop Warning: Avoid Benzalkonium Chloride]

*[https://endmyopia.org/the-hong-kong-myopia-epidemic/ The Hong Kong Myopia Epidemic]
*[https://endmyopia.org/the-unstoppable-global-myopia-epidemic-doubles-again/ incidence of childhood myopia among American children has more than doubled over the last 50 years]
*[https://endmyopia.org/glasses-cause-serious-psychological-stress-in-children/ Psychological Stress in Childhood and Myopia Development (OVPJournal)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/cruel-cruel-winter/ Unless you find uncle Jake’s myopia rehab facility, you’re in the lens manufacturer’s drug dealing pocket for life.] (no paper)
*[https://endmyopia.org/improved-glaucoma-detection-singapore-study/ you can reduce your risk of the most common forms of glaucoma]
*[https://endmyopia.org/eyes-in-various-species-can-shorten-to-compensate-for-myopic-defocus/ Eyes in Various Species Can Shorten to Compensate for Myopic Defocus] and [https://endmyopia.org/three-mammals-and-a-bird/ commentary by contributing optometrist] (animal studies)
*[https://endmyopia.org/study-bifocal-contact-lenses-for-myopia-control/ Bifocal contacts control myopia progression better than multifocal spectacles]
*[https://endmyopia.org/geeks-retina-its-own-sensorimotor-apparatus/ A Sensorimotor Account Of Vision And Visual Consciousness (philosophy paper)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/contrast-sensitivity/ contrast sensitivity (no paper)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/is-going-outside-the-cure-for-myopia/ why outdoor time won’t magically prevent myopia onset]
*[https://endmyopia.org/singapore-ophthalmologist-insists-glasses-dont-cause-myopia/ glasses cause more myopia, faster]
*https://endmyopia.org/peripheral-vision-loss/
*https://endmyopia.org/allan-hytowitz-genius-innovator-or-dangerous-heretic/
*https://endmyopia.org/this-woman-sees-99-million-more-colors-than-you/
*https://endmyopia.org/neural-response-to-flicker-rates-artificial-light-causes-myopia/
*https://endmyopia.org/ophthalmology-science-glasses-cause-myopia-period/
*https://endmyopia.org/coopervision-misight-contact-lenses-breakthrough-myopia-control/
*https://endmyopia.org/myopia-madness-glasses-way-strong/
*https://endmyopia.org/retail-optometry-even-science/
*https://endmyopia.org/eye-uses-chromatic-aberration-to-guide-axial-change/
*https://endmyopia.org/american-journal-of-optometry-adult-reduction-in-axial-length/
*https://endmyopia.org/studies-does-undercorrection-cause-more-myopia/
*https://endmyopia.org/science-confirms-human-eye-axial-length-change-lens-use/
*https://endmyopia.org/another-study-glasses-cause-rapid-myopia-progression-in-children/
*https://endmyopia.org/active-focus-does-it-actually-work-clinical-science/
*https://endmyopia.org/refractive-error-myopia-concept/
*https://endmyopia.org/shocking-news-not-all-ophthalmologists-are-retarded/
*https://endmyopia.org/optics-diopters-all-the-nerdy-maths/
*https://endmyopia.org/astigmatism-part-of-natural-focus-understanding-the-brains-autofocus-mechanism/
*https://endmyopia.org/can-this-tiny-piece-of-paper-replace-your-optometrist/
*https://endmyopia.org/why-is-my-eyesight-worse-in-low-light-indoors-dusk-night-time/
*https://endmyopia.org/study-outdoor-activity-reduces-myopia-onset-in-children/
*https://endmyopia.org/study-failure-to-discuss-myopia-control-verging-on-negligent/
*https://endmyopia.org/why-you-are-nearsighted-an-animation/
===From the forum===

Here are papers people have mentioned on the forum:

* [https://www.visionsofjoy.org/pdfs/OrfieldSeeingSpace.pdf Seeing Space: Undergoing Brain Reprogramming to Reduce Myopia] by Antonia Marie Orfield (1994); [https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/bostonglobe/name/antonia-orfield-obituary?id=24225499 Author's obituary]

*[https://community.endmyopia.org/t/showdown-experiment-will-enough-outdoor-vision-shorten-my-eyes/6423/200 a paper which tries to model how the human (and generally mammalian) eyes focus on objects (animal study)] [https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2011/10/deciphering-brains-autofocus-mechanism (short article)], [https://www.pnas.org/content/108/40/16849 (full paper)]
*[https://community.endmyopia.org/t/been-to-the-opto-but-with-unexpecting-results-glaucoma/5203/5 a proto-endmyopia thing] [https://the-eye.eu/public/concen.org/Five_Health_Classics/BENJAMIN%2C%20Harry%20-%20Better%20Sight%20Without%20Glasses%20%281962%29.pdf (here is the direct link to an old book, start with page 102.)]
*[https://community.endmyopia.org/t/been-to-the-opto-but-with-unexpecting-results-glaucoma/5203/19 If you have glaucoma, try vitamin b3] (Clin & Exp Ophtalm. Sept. 2020, doi: 10.1111/ceo.13818)
*[https://community.endmyopia.org/t/my-journey-from-4-25-halmadavid/5080/245 Probability of myopia in children with high refined carbohydrates consumption in France] [https://bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12886-020-01602-x (direct link to research article)]
*[https://community.endmyopia.org/t/doubts-about-the-need-for-outdoors-and-avoiding-screen-time/8940/18 on the effects of outdoor light on myopia progression] [https://www.nature.com/articles/519276a (direct link to article)]
* [http://www.myopia.org/bifocals.htm Bifocal Control of Myopia study by Oakley and Young, 1975.]
*[https://community.endmyopia.org/uploads/short-url/2WB7z5dmF3Rk7tdwlslsf9zcwh0.pdf Visual Conditions of Symphony Musicians]

* a bunch at [https://community.endmyopia.org/t/better-than-eye-chart/15290/11 Better than eye chart?] [https://www.dyop.info/documents/Measuring_Visual_Cylinder_and_Axis_with_a_Dyop.pdf (pdf)], [https://www.bitchute.com/video/yPeGRG4qWQsi/ (visual acuity testing demo)], [https://www.dyop.info/documents/How_We_See.pdf (how we see pdf)], [https://www.dyop.info/documents/Snellen_vs_Dyop-Cataracts_Gordon.pdf (pdf)], [https://www.dyop.info/documents/Snellen_vs_Dyop_Refractions-Sanni.pdf (pdf)], [https://www.dyop.info/documents/Dyslexia_and_Color_Perception-SandraStark.pdf (pdf)], [https://www.dyop.info/documents/Which_Optotype_Are_You_Using.pdf (pdf)], etc. Discussion is about a proprietary tool that works better than the Snellen chart.
===From Discord or the wiki===

* [https://ia803109.us.archive.org/32/items/BETTERSIGHTWITHOUTGLASSESHarryBenjamin/BETTER%20SIGHT%20WITHOUT%20GLASSES%20harry%20benjamin.pdf Better sight without glasses by Dr. Harry Benjamin] (pdf) (1955)
[[Category:Articles]]

Clinical Studies

2022-10-14T00:35:20Z

Angel: /* From Discord or the wiki */

Below you can find many third party clinical studies on the progression of myopia and how myopia may be reversed.
==Causes of Myopia==
===Lens induced myopia (LIM) & axial length change in humans===
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20592235/ ''"Significant changes in optical axial length occurred in human subjects after 60 minutes of monocular defocus."'' IOVS, 2010]
*[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-65151-5 ''"The human eye is able to discern the sign of defocus within minutes after exposure to blur and make changes in its axial length in a direction to reduce the amount of retinal blur"'', Scientific Reports, 2020]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16505066/ ''"During relatively short periods of accommodative stimulation, axial length increases in ... young adults"'', IOVS, 2006]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20562668/ ''"The eye undergoes a significant axial elongation associated with a brief period of accommodation..."'', OVS, 2010]
*[https://endmyopia.org/dr-morgan-dr-megaw-preventing-axial-elongation-and-the-development-of-myopia/ ''"It is therefore clear that preventive approaches need to concentrate on measures that prevent or reduce axial elongation, since this would result in a reduction in both the need for refractive correction and the long-term pathological outcomes"'', Acad Med Singapore, 2004]
*[https://endmyopia.org/glasses-make-your-eyes-grow-not-in-a-good-way/ ''"Refractive correction of myopia will lead to accelerated progression"'', OPO, 2007]
*[https://endmyopia.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/The_progression_of_corrected_myopia_with_pages_as_published_clean_10.1007_s00417-015-2991-5.pdf ''"Continuous correction of myopia results in a linear progression that increases myopia..."'', GACEO, 2015]
*[https://europepmc.org/article/med/3688185''"...A reduction in the axial length of the adult eye serves as an emmetropizing mechanism..."'', AJOPO, 1987]
*[https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2711345''"...This study found that small but significant bi-directional changes in SFCT (Sub-Foveal Choroidal Thickening) were caused by retinal defocus in healthy presbyopic subjects aged 50 to 67 years of age...."'', IOVS, 2018]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26010292/''"Small but significant changes in SFCT (Sub-Foveal Choroidal Thickening) (5-8%) were caused by retinal defocus. ."'', OPO, 2015]

===Lens induced myopia (LIM) & axial length change in animals===
*[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1475-1313.1997.97000033.x ''"Extrapolation of these (animal) findings to humans predicts that natural emmetropization (normal eye development) will be inhibited...by early intervention with prescription lenses..."'' OPO, 2007]
*[https://endmyopia.org/can-axial-length-be-reduced-for-less-myopia/ ''"It has been suggested that environmental factors such as extensive near work act as triggers of myopia....The expression of AL (Axial Length) genes activated by environmental factors leads to the elongation of AL (Axial Length)."'' Ophthalmologica, 2011]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23557736/ ''"Hyperopic defocus accelerated vitreous chamber elongation (Axial Length) and produced myopic shifts in refractive error...Following lens removal, the...monkeys recovered from the induced myopia..."'' IOVS, 2013]
*[https://endmyopia.org/eyes-in-various-species-can-shorten-to-compensate-for-myopic-defocus/ ''"We demonstrated that eyes of young animals of various species (chick, tree shrew, marmoset, and rhesus macaque) can shorten in the axial dimension in response to myopic defocus."'' IOVS, 2013]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7839608/ ''"The chick eye is able to change its refractive state by as much as 7 D by pushing the retina forward or pulling it back (when stimulated by lense use)..."'' VR, 1995]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18791175/ ''"Chicks' eyes rapidly compensate for defocus imposed by spectacle lenses...The complex etiology (cause) of human myopia may reflect these temporal properties."'' IOVS, 2009]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12445851/ ''"If the effective focal length of a growing eye is modified by spectacle lenses, the eye compensates by altering its growth, thereby keeping images in focus..."'' VR, 2002]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15980206/ ''"In a matter of minutes, the eye can know which way to grow..."'' IOVS, 2005]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10343811/ ''"...spectacle lenses could predictably alter the growth of...eyes resulting in ... refractive changes in both the hyperopic and myopic directions."'' VR, 1999]

===Nearwork-Induced Transient Myopia (NITM) & Nearwork Causing Permanent Myopia (PM)===
*[https://endmyopia.org/us-national-academy-of-sciences-near-work-causes-myopia/''"Today there no longer seems to be any question that nearwork is a causal factor for myopia. "'' The Lancet, 2000]
*[https://www.aoa.org/healthy-eyes/eye-and-vision-conditions/myopia?sso=y''"People who do an excessive amount of near-vision work may experience a false or "pseudo" myopia...Clear distance vision usually returns after resting the eyes. However, constant visual stress may lead to a permanent reduction in distance vision over time. "'' American Optometric Association]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22943873/''"Near work which is a primary, environmentally based factor in the development and progression of permanent myopia (PM) may take effect via near work-induced transient myopia (NITM)."'' ZYJZZ, 2012]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18339041/''"...based on recent converging evidence from clinical, laboratory and modelling studies, a five-fold argument will be advanced for a possible link between PM (Permanent Myopia) and NITM (Nearwork-Induced Transient Myopia)."'' OPO, 2008]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26244865/''"Continuous reading, close distances of reading, television viewing... and use of fluorescent desk light were significantly associated with myopia... which indicates that visual behaviors and environments may be important factors mediating the effects of near work on myopia.."'' PLoS, 2015]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32075819/''"The current study provides novel evidence, based on objective data, to support the association between the intensity of near work, light intensity and myopia..."'' BrJO, 2020]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18579757/''"Near work such as close reading distance (< 30 cm) and continuous reading (> 30 minutes) independently increased the odds of having myopia in this sample of children."'' IOVS, 2008]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23187872/''"The purpose of the present study was to...investigate the possible relation between NITM (Nearwork-Induced Transient Myopia) and PM (Permanent Myopia); and to determine the possible associations with NITM "'' IOVS, 2008]

==Reversing Myopia==
===Outdoor time & distance vision===
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20592235/ ''"It is now well established that spending more time outdoors during childhood lowers the risk of developing myopia..."'' BrJO, 2020]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18294691/ ''"Outdoor activity reduces the prevalence of myopia in children."'' Opthamology, 2008]
*[https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/139488/1/1-s2.0-S1350946217300393-main.pdf''"The most immediate path to myopia prevention in schools is to increase the amount of time that children spend outdoors within school hours"'' PRES, 2018]
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5233810/''"..VL (Violet Light) is one of the important outdoor environmental factors for myopia control...VL exposure can be a preventive strategy against myopia progression"'' EBioMedecine, 2017]

===Using reduced or no lenses (myopic defocus)===
*[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-65151-5''"The human eye is capable of responding to the presence of blur by changing its axial length, so that the retina moves towards the defocused image plane (using reduced lenses)...These findings provide evidence that the human eye is able to detect and respond to the presence (using reduced lenses)... of blur within minutes."'' Scientific Reports, 2020]

*[https://endmyopia.org/another-study-glasses-cause-rapid-myopia-progression-in-children/''"Our findings suggest that myopic defocus (using reduced lenses) slows the progression of myopia in already myopic children, supporting previous findings from animal studies..."'' IOVS, 2004]
*[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1475-1313.2008.00608.x''"Compared with SV lenses (Normal Glasses), myopia progression was found to be retarded by PALs (Bifocals / Reduced Lenses) to some extent in Chinese children"'' OPO, 2008]
*[https://endmyopia.org/shots-in-the-dark-clinical-myopia-studies/ ''"Results of this study suggest that such children, if myopic, may have an additional benefit of slowed progression of myopia."'' IOVS, 2004]
*[https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2189093&resultClick=1 ''"Eyes of chick, tree shrew, marmoset, and rhesus macaque can shorten axially when presented with myopic defocus...Implications for human myopia control are significant."'' IOVS, 2013]
*[https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2393165 ''"The results suggest that imposed peripheral myopic defocus (reduced lense use) may be able to be used to control on–axis axial elongation (myopia progression)..."'' GACEO, 2017]

===Active Focus (accomodative training or accomodative facility training)===
*[https://endmyopia.org/active-focus-does-it-actually-work-clinical-science/ ''"Training of the accommodative system (active focus)...resulted in improved dynamics...This is consistent with earlier reports in the literature of improvements..."'' OVS, 2009]
*[https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Changes-in-dynamics-of-accommodation-after-facility-Allen-Charman/bb8e6b6b3e843c144582532d3bdbcfba520eba72''"This study evaluates the effect of accommodative facility training (active focus) in myopes and emmetropes (normal sighted)....The results showed that training (active focus) improved the facility rate (results) in both groups..."'' VR, 2010]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10947012/''"These results suggest that accommodative facility training (active focus) is an efficient method built on loss of symptoms among children..."'' DO, 1999]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11727875/''"The result of this study indicates that accommodative facility training (active focus) has a real effect on the amplitude of relative accommodation in patients with impaired relative accommodation..."'' OPO, 2001]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3631199/''"This experiment shows the effectiveness of automated accommodative training (active focus) in reducing asthenopia (eye strain) and improving accommodative facility."'' AmJOPO, 1987]

==LASIK==
A good resource for information about [[LASIK]]: [https://lasikcomplications.com/ lasikcomplications.com]
* [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.5301/ejo.5000025 Less than 20% of people with 10+ diopters will be below 1 diopter just 3 years after LASIK]

==Articles==

===From the blog===
These are blog articles on EndMyopia about clinical studies, but not clinical studies themselves. You may find them interesting. Also see [https://endmyopia.org/category/science/ the science category].

*[https://endmyopia.org/dr-morgan-dr-megaw-preventing-axial-elongation-and-the-development-of-myopia/ what we know about axial elongation of the eye, and its role in the development of myopia (dissertation)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/your-eyes-are-direct-access-to-your-brain-blue-light-reverses-amnesia/ in some cases, memories that are lost due to brain trauma may still be present in the human brain. (animal testing)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/shots-in-the-dark-clinical-myopia-studies/ studies that have considered the negative impact of minus lens use for close-up, and looked into smarter alternatives to “minus for everything”.]
*[https://endmyopia.org/the-role-of-contrast-adaptation-in-myopia-development-reversal/ The Role Of Contrast Adaptation In Myopia Development & Reversal]
*[https://endmyopia.org/no-more-surgery-a-new-eye-drop-dissolves-cataracts/ Researchers in the US have developed a new drug that can be delivered directly into the eye via an eye dropper to shrink down and dissolve cataracts – the leading cause of blindness in humans. (animal testing) (2015)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/the-1960s-harvard-pirate-kitten-experiment-an-unused-eye-goes-blind/ Back in the 1960’s this guy Torsten Wiesel from the Harvard Medical School’s department of neurobiology ran an experiment on kittens. (animal testing)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/forget-thick-contacts-get-thinner-contact-lenses/ On contact lenses]
*[https://endmyopia.org/sugar-risk-diabetic-retinopathy/ Diabetic retinopathy. Or, how your eating habits can take you straight into one of the leading causes of adult blindness.]
*[https://endmyopia.org/glasses-make-your-eyes-grow-not-in-a-good-way/ wearing glasses to correct myopia, will create more myopia.]
*[https://endmyopia.org/steroids-to-boost-dynamic-visual-acuity/ Dynamic Visual Acuity]
*[https://endmyopia.org/night-blindness-seeing-well-bright-vs-dim-light/ Night blindness]
*[https://endmyopia.org/us-national-academy-of-sciences-near-work-causes-myopia/ Near Work Causes Myopia (USNAS)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/lens-induced-myopia-investigative-ophthalmology/ Lens-Induced Myopia]
*[https://endmyopia.org/can-axial-length-be-reduced-for-less-myopia/ Can Axial Length Be Reduced For Less Myopia?]
*[https://endmyopia.org/bi-focal-contact-lenses-for-myopia-control/ Bi-Focal Contact Lenses For Myopia Control]
*[https://endmyopia.org/monkey-see-monkey-do/ Negative lens-induced myopia in infant monkeys: effects of high ambient lighting (animal study)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/breaking-science-discovers-the-cause-of-nearsightedness/ Myopia starts with environmental stimulus, in particular extended close-up focus.]
*[https://endmyopia.org/eye-drop-warning-avoid-benzalkonium-chloride/ Eye Drop Warning: Avoid Benzalkonium Chloride]

*[https://endmyopia.org/the-hong-kong-myopia-epidemic/ The Hong Kong Myopia Epidemic]
*[https://endmyopia.org/the-unstoppable-global-myopia-epidemic-doubles-again/ incidence of childhood myopia among American children has more than doubled over the last 50 years]
*[https://endmyopia.org/glasses-cause-serious-psychological-stress-in-children/ Psychological Stress in Childhood and Myopia Development (OVPJournal)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/cruel-cruel-winter/ Unless you find uncle Jake’s myopia rehab facility, you’re in the lens manufacturer’s drug dealing pocket for life.] (no paper)
*[https://endmyopia.org/improved-glaucoma-detection-singapore-study/ you can reduce your risk of the most common forms of glaucoma]
*[https://endmyopia.org/eyes-in-various-species-can-shorten-to-compensate-for-myopic-defocus/ Eyes in Various Species Can Shorten to Compensate for Myopic Defocus] and [https://endmyopia.org/three-mammals-and-a-bird/ commentary by contributing optometrist] (animal studies)
*[https://endmyopia.org/study-bifocal-contact-lenses-for-myopia-control/ Bifocal contacts control myopia progression better than multifocal spectacles]
*[https://endmyopia.org/geeks-retina-its-own-sensorimotor-apparatus/ A Sensorimotor Account Of Vision And Visual Consciousness (philosophy paper)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/contrast-sensitivity/ contrast sensitivity (no paper)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/is-going-outside-the-cure-for-myopia/ why outdoor time won’t magically prevent myopia onset]
*[https://endmyopia.org/singapore-ophthalmologist-insists-glasses-dont-cause-myopia/ glasses cause more myopia, faster]
*https://endmyopia.org/peripheral-vision-loss/
*https://endmyopia.org/allan-hytowitz-genius-innovator-or-dangerous-heretic/
*https://endmyopia.org/this-woman-sees-99-million-more-colors-than-you/
*https://endmyopia.org/neural-response-to-flicker-rates-artificial-light-causes-myopia/
*https://endmyopia.org/ophthalmology-science-glasses-cause-myopia-period/
*https://endmyopia.org/coopervision-misight-contact-lenses-breakthrough-myopia-control/
*https://endmyopia.org/myopia-madness-glasses-way-strong/
*https://endmyopia.org/retail-optometry-even-science/
*https://endmyopia.org/eye-uses-chromatic-aberration-to-guide-axial-change/
*https://endmyopia.org/american-journal-of-optometry-adult-reduction-in-axial-length/
*https://endmyopia.org/studies-does-undercorrection-cause-more-myopia/
*https://endmyopia.org/science-confirms-human-eye-axial-length-change-lens-use/
*https://endmyopia.org/another-study-glasses-cause-rapid-myopia-progression-in-children/
*https://endmyopia.org/active-focus-does-it-actually-work-clinical-science/
*https://endmyopia.org/refractive-error-myopia-concept/
*https://endmyopia.org/shocking-news-not-all-ophthalmologists-are-retarded/
*https://endmyopia.org/optics-diopters-all-the-nerdy-maths/
*https://endmyopia.org/astigmatism-part-of-natural-focus-understanding-the-brains-autofocus-mechanism/
*https://endmyopia.org/can-this-tiny-piece-of-paper-replace-your-optometrist/
*https://endmyopia.org/why-is-my-eyesight-worse-in-low-light-indoors-dusk-night-time/
*https://endmyopia.org/study-outdoor-activity-reduces-myopia-onset-in-children/
*https://endmyopia.org/study-failure-to-discuss-myopia-control-verging-on-negligent/
*https://endmyopia.org/why-you-are-nearsighted-an-animation/
===From the forum===

Here are papers people have mentioned on the forum:

* [https://www.visionsofjoy.org/pdfs/OrfieldSeeingSpace.pdf Seeing Space: Undergoing Brain Reprogramming to Reduce Myopia] by Antonia Marie Orfield (1994); [https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/bostonglobe/name/antonia-orfield-obituary?id=24225499 Author's obituary]

*[https://community.endmyopia.org/t/showdown-experiment-will-enough-outdoor-vision-shorten-my-eyes/6423/200 a paper which tries to model how the human (and generally mammalian) eyes focus on objects (animal study)] [https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2011/10/deciphering-brains-autofocus-mechanism (short article)], [https://www.pnas.org/content/108/40/16849 (full paper)]
*[https://community.endmyopia.org/t/been-to-the-opto-but-with-unexpecting-results-glaucoma/5203/5 a proto-endmyopia thing] [https://the-eye.eu/public/concen.org/Five_Health_Classics/BENJAMIN%2C%20Harry%20-%20Better%20Sight%20Without%20Glasses%20%281962%29.pdf (here is the direct link to an old book, start with page 102.)]
*[https://community.endmyopia.org/t/been-to-the-opto-but-with-unexpecting-results-glaucoma/5203/19 If you have glaucoma, try vitamin b3] (Clin & Exp Ophtalm. Sept. 2020, doi: 10.1111/ceo.13818)
*[https://community.endmyopia.org/t/my-journey-from-4-25-halmadavid/5080/245 Probability of myopia in children with high refined carbohydrates consumption in France] [https://bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12886-020-01602-x (direct link to research article)]
*[https://community.endmyopia.org/t/doubts-about-the-need-for-outdoors-and-avoiding-screen-time/8940/18 on the effects of outdoor light on myopia progression] [https://www.nature.com/articles/519276a (direct link to article)]
* [http://www.myopia.org/bifocals.htm Bifocal Control of Myopia study by Oakley and Young, 1975.]
*[https://community.endmyopia.org/uploads/short-url/2WB7z5dmF3Rk7tdwlslsf9zcwh0.pdf Visual Conditions of Symphony Musicians]

* a bunch at [https://community.endmyopia.org/t/better-than-eye-chart/15290/11 Better than eye chart?] [https://www.dyop.info/documents/Measuring_Visual_Cylinder_and_Axis_with_a_Dyop.pdf (pdf)], [https://www.bitchute.com/video/yPeGRG4qWQsi/ (visual acuity testing demo)], [https://www.dyop.info/documents/How_We_See.pdf (how we see pdf)], [https://www.dyop.info/documents/Snellen_vs_Dyop-Cataracts_Gordon.pdf (pdf)], [https://www.dyop.info/documents/Snellen_vs_Dyop_Refractions-Sanni.pdf (pdf)], [https://www.dyop.info/documents/Dyslexia_and_Color_Perception-SandraStark.pdf (pdf)], [https://www.dyop.info/documents/Which_Optotype_Are_You_Using.pdf (pdf)], etc. Discussion is about a proprietary tool that works better than the Snellen chart.
===From Discord or the wiki===

* [https://ia803109.us.archive.org/32/items/BETTERSIGHTWITHOUTGLASSESHarryBenjamin/BETTER%20SIGHT%20WITHOUT%20GLASSES%20harry%20benjamin.pdf Better sight without glasses by Dr. Harry Benjamin] (1955) (pdf)
[[Category:Articles]]

Bates Method

2022-10-14T00:34:40Z

Angel: /* Further references */ replaced dead link with direct archive.org link

The '''Bates Method''' is a modern interpretation of [[Wikipedia:William_Bates_(physician)|William Horatio Bates]]' teachings. Contemporary practitioners of the method believe that using [[eye exercise]]s to relieve [[eye strain]] will reverse [[myopia]].

Bates was the first (recorded) physician to propose and promote a way to reverse myopia and reduce one's dependence on glasses. His expertise and insights were built upon the knowledge that was available at that time.

A copy of his original work can be found [https://cleareyesight-batesmethod.info/id148.html here] under "Original Issue of Better Eyesight, Nov., 1926 and Perfect Sight Without Glasses Pamphlet"

EndMyopia is based on the premise that a stimulus is necessary to induce a change. Bates' teachings, both found in his original work and the modern day spin-offs, do not provide such a stimulus. This makes it hard (if not impossible) to use the Bates Method to get back to full natural eyesight without using corrective lenses or laser surgery.

Similar to Bates' approach, EndMyopia is dependent on eye strain being eliminated. In that respect Bates' exercises provide some relief. [[Ciliary muscle spasm]] is the primary culprit in what is known as "[[pseudomyopia]]/[[near induced transient myopia]]". Exercises used in the Bates Method can relieve eye strain and get rid of [[ciliary muscle spasm]]. EndMyopia proposes the use of [[Active Focus]] in conjunction with enough solid [[distance vision]] to relieve this muscle spasm.

==Bates' eye exercises==
===Palming===
Palming is placing your hands over the eyes for a while. This is done with the intention of reducing strain on the eyes. Like many Bates Method practices, palming may be used to temporarily reduce [[eye strain]]. However, it is always better to resolve the main causes of eye strain, like uncorrected vision and bad close-up habits. Palming is a practice that does not initiate the stimulus-response mechanism of eyesight improvement.
===Swinging===
'''Swinging''' is one of the exercises advocated by the Bates Method. There could be some rationalization for it : by allowing the [[Visual cortex]] to see different focal planes moving relative to each other, it provides information about the relative distances of those planes, which it would
not otherwise have (due to [[Myopic blur]]). The visual cortex could use that extra information in some useful way. It would do no harm to give it a try while observing the [[3 hour rule]] or the [[20-20-20 rule]]. Let us know if you find it helpful.

==Further references==

If you are interested in looking at some of the history of myopia reversal, have a look at this [[https://ia803109.us.archive.org/32/items/BETTERSIGHTWITHOUTGLASSESHarryBenjamin/BETTER%20SIGHT%20WITHOUT%20GLASSES%20harry%20benjamin.pdf]] by Dr. Harry Benjamin. Although his work is based on many aspects found in Bates' teachings, you will find some noteworthy concepts, in rudimentary form, that are also found in EndMyopia.

==See also==

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldous_Huxley Aldous Huxley] (famous dead white guy, author of Brave New World) wrote about the Bates method. Read his book "The Art of Seeing" free online '''[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.11974 here].'''
*[[Wikipedia:Bates method|Wikipedia:Bates method]]
*[[Wikipedia:William_Bates_(physician)|Wikipedia:William Horatio Bates]]

[[Category:Unicorn Farming]]
[[Category:Articles]]
[[Category:Bates]]

Clinical Studies

2022-10-14T00:33:42Z

Angel:

Below you can find many third party clinical studies on the progression of myopia and how myopia may be reversed.
==Causes of Myopia==
===Lens induced myopia (LIM) & axial length change in humans===
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20592235/ ''"Significant changes in optical axial length occurred in human subjects after 60 minutes of monocular defocus."'' IOVS, 2010]
*[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-65151-5 ''"The human eye is able to discern the sign of defocus within minutes after exposure to blur and make changes in its axial length in a direction to reduce the amount of retinal blur"'', Scientific Reports, 2020]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16505066/ ''"During relatively short periods of accommodative stimulation, axial length increases in ... young adults"'', IOVS, 2006]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20562668/ ''"The eye undergoes a significant axial elongation associated with a brief period of accommodation..."'', OVS, 2010]
*[https://endmyopia.org/dr-morgan-dr-megaw-preventing-axial-elongation-and-the-development-of-myopia/ ''"It is therefore clear that preventive approaches need to concentrate on measures that prevent or reduce axial elongation, since this would result in a reduction in both the need for refractive correction and the long-term pathological outcomes"'', Acad Med Singapore, 2004]
*[https://endmyopia.org/glasses-make-your-eyes-grow-not-in-a-good-way/ ''"Refractive correction of myopia will lead to accelerated progression"'', OPO, 2007]
*[https://endmyopia.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/The_progression_of_corrected_myopia_with_pages_as_published_clean_10.1007_s00417-015-2991-5.pdf ''"Continuous correction of myopia results in a linear progression that increases myopia..."'', GACEO, 2015]
*[https://europepmc.org/article/med/3688185''"...A reduction in the axial length of the adult eye serves as an emmetropizing mechanism..."'', AJOPO, 1987]
*[https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2711345''"...This study found that small but significant bi-directional changes in SFCT (Sub-Foveal Choroidal Thickening) were caused by retinal defocus in healthy presbyopic subjects aged 50 to 67 years of age...."'', IOVS, 2018]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26010292/''"Small but significant changes in SFCT (Sub-Foveal Choroidal Thickening) (5-8%) were caused by retinal defocus. ."'', OPO, 2015]

===Lens induced myopia (LIM) & axial length change in animals===
*[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1475-1313.1997.97000033.x ''"Extrapolation of these (animal) findings to humans predicts that natural emmetropization (normal eye development) will be inhibited...by early intervention with prescription lenses..."'' OPO, 2007]
*[https://endmyopia.org/can-axial-length-be-reduced-for-less-myopia/ ''"It has been suggested that environmental factors such as extensive near work act as triggers of myopia....The expression of AL (Axial Length) genes activated by environmental factors leads to the elongation of AL (Axial Length)."'' Ophthalmologica, 2011]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23557736/ ''"Hyperopic defocus accelerated vitreous chamber elongation (Axial Length) and produced myopic shifts in refractive error...Following lens removal, the...monkeys recovered from the induced myopia..."'' IOVS, 2013]
*[https://endmyopia.org/eyes-in-various-species-can-shorten-to-compensate-for-myopic-defocus/ ''"We demonstrated that eyes of young animals of various species (chick, tree shrew, marmoset, and rhesus macaque) can shorten in the axial dimension in response to myopic defocus."'' IOVS, 2013]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7839608/ ''"The chick eye is able to change its refractive state by as much as 7 D by pushing the retina forward or pulling it back (when stimulated by lense use)..."'' VR, 1995]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18791175/ ''"Chicks' eyes rapidly compensate for defocus imposed by spectacle lenses...The complex etiology (cause) of human myopia may reflect these temporal properties."'' IOVS, 2009]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12445851/ ''"If the effective focal length of a growing eye is modified by spectacle lenses, the eye compensates by altering its growth, thereby keeping images in focus..."'' VR, 2002]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15980206/ ''"In a matter of minutes, the eye can know which way to grow..."'' IOVS, 2005]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10343811/ ''"...spectacle lenses could predictably alter the growth of...eyes resulting in ... refractive changes in both the hyperopic and myopic directions."'' VR, 1999]

===Nearwork-Induced Transient Myopia (NITM) & Nearwork Causing Permanent Myopia (PM)===
*[https://endmyopia.org/us-national-academy-of-sciences-near-work-causes-myopia/''"Today there no longer seems to be any question that nearwork is a causal factor for myopia. "'' The Lancet, 2000]
*[https://www.aoa.org/healthy-eyes/eye-and-vision-conditions/myopia?sso=y''"People who do an excessive amount of near-vision work may experience a false or "pseudo" myopia...Clear distance vision usually returns after resting the eyes. However, constant visual stress may lead to a permanent reduction in distance vision over time. "'' American Optometric Association]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22943873/''"Near work which is a primary, environmentally based factor in the development and progression of permanent myopia (PM) may take effect via near work-induced transient myopia (NITM)."'' ZYJZZ, 2012]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18339041/''"...based on recent converging evidence from clinical, laboratory and modelling studies, a five-fold argument will be advanced for a possible link between PM (Permanent Myopia) and NITM (Nearwork-Induced Transient Myopia)."'' OPO, 2008]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26244865/''"Continuous reading, close distances of reading, television viewing... and use of fluorescent desk light were significantly associated with myopia... which indicates that visual behaviors and environments may be important factors mediating the effects of near work on myopia.."'' PLoS, 2015]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32075819/''"The current study provides novel evidence, based on objective data, to support the association between the intensity of near work, light intensity and myopia..."'' BrJO, 2020]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18579757/''"Near work such as close reading distance (< 30 cm) and continuous reading (> 30 minutes) independently increased the odds of having myopia in this sample of children."'' IOVS, 2008]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23187872/''"The purpose of the present study was to...investigate the possible relation between NITM (Nearwork-Induced Transient Myopia) and PM (Permanent Myopia); and to determine the possible associations with NITM "'' IOVS, 2008]

==Reversing Myopia==
===Outdoor time & distance vision===
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20592235/ ''"It is now well established that spending more time outdoors during childhood lowers the risk of developing myopia..."'' BrJO, 2020]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18294691/ ''"Outdoor activity reduces the prevalence of myopia in children."'' Opthamology, 2008]
*[https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/139488/1/1-s2.0-S1350946217300393-main.pdf''"The most immediate path to myopia prevention in schools is to increase the amount of time that children spend outdoors within school hours"'' PRES, 2018]
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5233810/''"..VL (Violet Light) is one of the important outdoor environmental factors for myopia control...VL exposure can be a preventive strategy against myopia progression"'' EBioMedecine, 2017]

===Using reduced or no lenses (myopic defocus)===
*[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-65151-5''"The human eye is capable of responding to the presence of blur by changing its axial length, so that the retina moves towards the defocused image plane (using reduced lenses)...These findings provide evidence that the human eye is able to detect and respond to the presence (using reduced lenses)... of blur within minutes."'' Scientific Reports, 2020]

*[https://endmyopia.org/another-study-glasses-cause-rapid-myopia-progression-in-children/''"Our findings suggest that myopic defocus (using reduced lenses) slows the progression of myopia in already myopic children, supporting previous findings from animal studies..."'' IOVS, 2004]
*[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1475-1313.2008.00608.x''"Compared with SV lenses (Normal Glasses), myopia progression was found to be retarded by PALs (Bifocals / Reduced Lenses) to some extent in Chinese children"'' OPO, 2008]
*[https://endmyopia.org/shots-in-the-dark-clinical-myopia-studies/ ''"Results of this study suggest that such children, if myopic, may have an additional benefit of slowed progression of myopia."'' IOVS, 2004]
*[https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2189093&resultClick=1 ''"Eyes of chick, tree shrew, marmoset, and rhesus macaque can shorten axially when presented with myopic defocus...Implications for human myopia control are significant."'' IOVS, 2013]
*[https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2393165 ''"The results suggest that imposed peripheral myopic defocus (reduced lense use) may be able to be used to control on–axis axial elongation (myopia progression)..."'' GACEO, 2017]

===Active Focus (accomodative training or accomodative facility training)===
*[https://endmyopia.org/active-focus-does-it-actually-work-clinical-science/ ''"Training of the accommodative system (active focus)...resulted in improved dynamics...This is consistent with earlier reports in the literature of improvements..."'' OVS, 2009]
*[https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Changes-in-dynamics-of-accommodation-after-facility-Allen-Charman/bb8e6b6b3e843c144582532d3bdbcfba520eba72''"This study evaluates the effect of accommodative facility training (active focus) in myopes and emmetropes (normal sighted)....The results showed that training (active focus) improved the facility rate (results) in both groups..."'' VR, 2010]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10947012/''"These results suggest that accommodative facility training (active focus) is an efficient method built on loss of symptoms among children..."'' DO, 1999]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11727875/''"The result of this study indicates that accommodative facility training (active focus) has a real effect on the amplitude of relative accommodation in patients with impaired relative accommodation..."'' OPO, 2001]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3631199/''"This experiment shows the effectiveness of automated accommodative training (active focus) in reducing asthenopia (eye strain) and improving accommodative facility."'' AmJOPO, 1987]

==LASIK==
A good resource for information about [[LASIK]]: [https://lasikcomplications.com/ lasikcomplications.com]
* [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.5301/ejo.5000025 Less than 20% of people with 10+ diopters will be below 1 diopter just 3 years after LASIK]

==Articles==

===From the blog===
These are blog articles on EndMyopia about clinical studies, but not clinical studies themselves. You may find them interesting. Also see [https://endmyopia.org/category/science/ the science category].

*[https://endmyopia.org/dr-morgan-dr-megaw-preventing-axial-elongation-and-the-development-of-myopia/ what we know about axial elongation of the eye, and its role in the development of myopia (dissertation)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/your-eyes-are-direct-access-to-your-brain-blue-light-reverses-amnesia/ in some cases, memories that are lost due to brain trauma may still be present in the human brain. (animal testing)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/shots-in-the-dark-clinical-myopia-studies/ studies that have considered the negative impact of minus lens use for close-up, and looked into smarter alternatives to “minus for everything”.]
*[https://endmyopia.org/the-role-of-contrast-adaptation-in-myopia-development-reversal/ The Role Of Contrast Adaptation In Myopia Development & Reversal]
*[https://endmyopia.org/no-more-surgery-a-new-eye-drop-dissolves-cataracts/ Researchers in the US have developed a new drug that can be delivered directly into the eye via an eye dropper to shrink down and dissolve cataracts – the leading cause of blindness in humans. (animal testing) (2015)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/the-1960s-harvard-pirate-kitten-experiment-an-unused-eye-goes-blind/ Back in the 1960’s this guy Torsten Wiesel from the Harvard Medical School’s department of neurobiology ran an experiment on kittens. (animal testing)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/forget-thick-contacts-get-thinner-contact-lenses/ On contact lenses]
*[https://endmyopia.org/sugar-risk-diabetic-retinopathy/ Diabetic retinopathy. Or, how your eating habits can take you straight into one of the leading causes of adult blindness.]
*[https://endmyopia.org/glasses-make-your-eyes-grow-not-in-a-good-way/ wearing glasses to correct myopia, will create more myopia.]
*[https://endmyopia.org/steroids-to-boost-dynamic-visual-acuity/ Dynamic Visual Acuity]
*[https://endmyopia.org/night-blindness-seeing-well-bright-vs-dim-light/ Night blindness]
*[https://endmyopia.org/us-national-academy-of-sciences-near-work-causes-myopia/ Near Work Causes Myopia (USNAS)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/lens-induced-myopia-investigative-ophthalmology/ Lens-Induced Myopia]
*[https://endmyopia.org/can-axial-length-be-reduced-for-less-myopia/ Can Axial Length Be Reduced For Less Myopia?]
*[https://endmyopia.org/bi-focal-contact-lenses-for-myopia-control/ Bi-Focal Contact Lenses For Myopia Control]
*[https://endmyopia.org/monkey-see-monkey-do/ Negative lens-induced myopia in infant monkeys: effects of high ambient lighting (animal study)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/breaking-science-discovers-the-cause-of-nearsightedness/ Myopia starts with environmental stimulus, in particular extended close-up focus.]
*[https://endmyopia.org/eye-drop-warning-avoid-benzalkonium-chloride/ Eye Drop Warning: Avoid Benzalkonium Chloride]

*[https://endmyopia.org/the-hong-kong-myopia-epidemic/ The Hong Kong Myopia Epidemic]
*[https://endmyopia.org/the-unstoppable-global-myopia-epidemic-doubles-again/ incidence of childhood myopia among American children has more than doubled over the last 50 years]
*[https://endmyopia.org/glasses-cause-serious-psychological-stress-in-children/ Psychological Stress in Childhood and Myopia Development (OVPJournal)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/cruel-cruel-winter/ Unless you find uncle Jake’s myopia rehab facility, you’re in the lens manufacturer’s drug dealing pocket for life.] (no paper)
*[https://endmyopia.org/improved-glaucoma-detection-singapore-study/ you can reduce your risk of the most common forms of glaucoma]
*[https://endmyopia.org/eyes-in-various-species-can-shorten-to-compensate-for-myopic-defocus/ Eyes in Various Species Can Shorten to Compensate for Myopic Defocus] and [https://endmyopia.org/three-mammals-and-a-bird/ commentary by contributing optometrist] (animal studies)
*[https://endmyopia.org/study-bifocal-contact-lenses-for-myopia-control/ Bifocal contacts control myopia progression better than multifocal spectacles]
*[https://endmyopia.org/geeks-retina-its-own-sensorimotor-apparatus/ A Sensorimotor Account Of Vision And Visual Consciousness (philosophy paper)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/contrast-sensitivity/ contrast sensitivity (no paper)]
*[https://endmyopia.org/is-going-outside-the-cure-for-myopia/ why outdoor time won’t magically prevent myopia onset]
*[https://endmyopia.org/singapore-ophthalmologist-insists-glasses-dont-cause-myopia/ glasses cause more myopia, faster]
*https://endmyopia.org/peripheral-vision-loss/
*https://endmyopia.org/allan-hytowitz-genius-innovator-or-dangerous-heretic/
*https://endmyopia.org/this-woman-sees-99-million-more-colors-than-you/
*https://endmyopia.org/neural-response-to-flicker-rates-artificial-light-causes-myopia/
*https://endmyopia.org/ophthalmology-science-glasses-cause-myopia-period/
*https://endmyopia.org/coopervision-misight-contact-lenses-breakthrough-myopia-control/
*https://endmyopia.org/myopia-madness-glasses-way-strong/
*https://endmyopia.org/retail-optometry-even-science/
*https://endmyopia.org/eye-uses-chromatic-aberration-to-guide-axial-change/
*https://endmyopia.org/american-journal-of-optometry-adult-reduction-in-axial-length/
*https://endmyopia.org/studies-does-undercorrection-cause-more-myopia/
*https://endmyopia.org/science-confirms-human-eye-axial-length-change-lens-use/
*https://endmyopia.org/another-study-glasses-cause-rapid-myopia-progression-in-children/
*https://endmyopia.org/active-focus-does-it-actually-work-clinical-science/
*https://endmyopia.org/refractive-error-myopia-concept/
*https://endmyopia.org/shocking-news-not-all-ophthalmologists-are-retarded/
*https://endmyopia.org/optics-diopters-all-the-nerdy-maths/
*https://endmyopia.org/astigmatism-part-of-natural-focus-understanding-the-brains-autofocus-mechanism/
*https://endmyopia.org/can-this-tiny-piece-of-paper-replace-your-optometrist/
*https://endmyopia.org/why-is-my-eyesight-worse-in-low-light-indoors-dusk-night-time/
*https://endmyopia.org/study-outdoor-activity-reduces-myopia-onset-in-children/
*https://endmyopia.org/study-failure-to-discuss-myopia-control-verging-on-negligent/
*https://endmyopia.org/why-you-are-nearsighted-an-animation/
===From the forum===

Here are papers people have mentioned on the forum:

* [https://www.visionsofjoy.org/pdfs/OrfieldSeeingSpace.pdf Seeing Space: Undergoing Brain Reprogramming to Reduce Myopia] by Antonia Marie Orfield (1994); [https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/bostonglobe/name/antonia-orfield-obituary?id=24225499 Author's obituary]

*[https://community.endmyopia.org/t/showdown-experiment-will-enough-outdoor-vision-shorten-my-eyes/6423/200 a paper which tries to model how the human (and generally mammalian) eyes focus on objects (animal study)] [https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2011/10/deciphering-brains-autofocus-mechanism (short article)], [https://www.pnas.org/content/108/40/16849 (full paper)]
*[https://community.endmyopia.org/t/been-to-the-opto-but-with-unexpecting-results-glaucoma/5203/5 a proto-endmyopia thing] [https://the-eye.eu/public/concen.org/Five_Health_Classics/BENJAMIN%2C%20Harry%20-%20Better%20Sight%20Without%20Glasses%20%281962%29.pdf (here is the direct link to an old book, start with page 102.)]
*[https://community.endmyopia.org/t/been-to-the-opto-but-with-unexpecting-results-glaucoma/5203/19 If you have glaucoma, try vitamin b3] (Clin & Exp Ophtalm. Sept. 2020, doi: 10.1111/ceo.13818)
*[https://community.endmyopia.org/t/my-journey-from-4-25-halmadavid/5080/245 Probability of myopia in children with high refined carbohydrates consumption in France] [https://bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12886-020-01602-x (direct link to research article)]
*[https://community.endmyopia.org/t/doubts-about-the-need-for-outdoors-and-avoiding-screen-time/8940/18 on the effects of outdoor light on myopia progression] [https://www.nature.com/articles/519276a (direct link to article)]
* [http://www.myopia.org/bifocals.htm Bifocal Control of Myopia study by Oakley and Young, 1975.]
*[https://community.endmyopia.org/uploads/short-url/2WB7z5dmF3Rk7tdwlslsf9zcwh0.pdf Visual Conditions of Symphony Musicians]

* a bunch at [https://community.endmyopia.org/t/better-than-eye-chart/15290/11 Better than eye chart?] [https://www.dyop.info/documents/Measuring_Visual_Cylinder_and_Axis_with_a_Dyop.pdf (pdf)], [https://www.bitchute.com/video/yPeGRG4qWQsi/ (visual acuity testing demo)], [https://www.dyop.info/documents/How_We_See.pdf (how we see pdf)], [https://www.dyop.info/documents/Snellen_vs_Dyop-Cataracts_Gordon.pdf (pdf)], [https://www.dyop.info/documents/Snellen_vs_Dyop_Refractions-Sanni.pdf (pdf)], [https://www.dyop.info/documents/Dyslexia_and_Color_Perception-SandraStark.pdf (pdf)], [https://www.dyop.info/documents/Which_Optotype_Are_You_Using.pdf (pdf)], etc. Discussion is about a proprietary tool that works better than the Snellen chart.
===From Discord or the wiki===

* [https://ia803109.us.archive.org/32/items/BETTERSIGHTWITHOUTGLASSESHarryBenjamin/BETTER%20SIGHT%20WITHOUT%20GLASSES%20harry%20benjamin.pdf Better sight without glasses by Harry Benjamin] (1955) (pdf)
[[Category:Articles]]

Bates

2022-10-14T00:28:03Z

Angel: added Category:Bates using HotCat

'''Bates''' may refer to:

* The [[Bates method]], a very popular yet ineffectual way of improving eyesight
* [[William Horatio Bates]], creator of the Bates method
* [[Bates teachers]], people who try to teach other people about how to perform the Bates method

{{disambiguation}}

[[Category:Bates]]

William Bates

2022-10-14T00:26:27Z

Angel: added Category:Bates using HotCat

'''William Horatio Bates''' was a practitioner of ophthalmology. He developed what has come to be known as the [[Bates method]].

The Bates method, as is practiced today has been altered greatly from Bates' original propositions about how eyesight can be improved. Modern [[Bates teachers]] practices largely do not resemble the original method.

Bates wrote the book [[Perfect Sight Without Glasses]].

[[Category:Articles that are deletion or merge candidates]]
[[Category:Bates]]

Bates Method

2022-10-14T00:26:04Z

Angel: added Category:Bates using HotCat

The '''Bates Method''' is a modern interpretation of [[Wikipedia:William_Bates_(physician)|William Horatio Bates]]' teachings. Contemporary practitioners of the method believe that using [[eye exercise]]s to relieve [[eye strain]] will reverse [[myopia]].

Bates was the first (recorded) physician to propose and promote a way to reverse myopia and reduce one's dependence on glasses. His expertise and insights were built upon the knowledge that was available at that time.

A copy of his original work can be found [https://cleareyesight-batesmethod.info/id148.html here] under "Original Issue of Better Eyesight, Nov., 1926 and Perfect Sight Without Glasses Pamphlet"

EndMyopia is based on the premise that a stimulus is necessary to induce a change. Bates' teachings, both found in his original work and the modern day spin-offs, do not provide such a stimulus. This makes it hard (if not impossible) to use the Bates Method to get back to full natural eyesight without using corrective lenses or laser surgery.

Similar to Bates' approach, EndMyopia is dependent on eye strain being eliminated. In that respect Bates' exercises provide some relief. [[Ciliary muscle spasm]] is the primary culprit in what is known as "[[pseudomyopia]]/[[near induced transient myopia]]". Exercises used in the Bates Method can relieve eye strain and get rid of [[ciliary muscle spasm]]. EndMyopia proposes the use of [[Active Focus]] in conjunction with enough solid [[distance vision]] to relieve this muscle spasm.

==Bates' eye exercises==
===Palming===
Palming is placing your hands over the eyes for a while. This is done with the intention of reducing strain on the eyes. Like many Bates Method practices, palming may be used to temporarily reduce [[eye strain]]. However, it is always better to resolve the main causes of eye strain, like uncorrected vision and bad close-up habits. Palming is a practice that does not initiate the stimulus-response mechanism of eyesight improvement.
===Swinging===
'''Swinging''' is one of the exercises advocated by the Bates Method. There could be some rationalization for it : by allowing the [[Visual cortex]] to see different focal planes moving relative to each other, it provides information about the relative distances of those planes, which it would
not otherwise have (due to [[Myopic blur]]). The visual cortex could use that extra information in some useful way. It would do no harm to give it a try while observing the [[3 hour rule]] or the [[20-20-20 rule]]. Let us know if you find it helpful.

==Further references==

If you are interested in looking at some of the history of myopia reversal, have a look at this [[https://the-eye.eu/public/concen.org/Five_Health_Classics/BENJAMIN%2C%20Harry%20-%20Better%20Sight%20Without%20Glasses%20%281962%29.pdf work]] by Dr. Harry Benjamin. Although his work is based on many aspects found in Bates' teachings, you will find some noteworthy concepts, in rudimentary form, that are also found in EndMyopia.

==See also==

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldous_Huxley Aldous Huxley] (famous dead white guy, author of Brave New World) wrote about the Bates method. Read his book "The Art of Seeing" free online '''[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.11974 here].'''
*[[Wikipedia:Bates method|Wikipedia:Bates method]]
*[[Wikipedia:William_Bates_(physician)|Wikipedia:William Horatio Bates]]

[[Category:Unicorn Farming]]
[[Category:Articles]]
[[Category:Bates]]

Huberman

2022-10-14T00:24:41Z

Angel: added Category:Huberman using HotCat

Some EM participants are also huge nerds for the [https://hubermanlab.com/ Huberman Lab Podcast]

'''[https://hubermanlab.com/the-science-of-vision-eye-health-and-seeing-better/ Podcast episode on vision]'''

==Recommended Vision Practices==
* View sunlight by going outside within 30-60 minutes of waking. Do that again in the late afternoon, prior to sunset.
* Get outdoor exposure for at least 2 hours a day
* For every 90 minutes of [[Close-up|close-up]] vision, take a 20+ minute [[Distance vision|distance]] viewing break
* Self directed movement like walking or cycling is beneficial. This may be related to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_movement_desensitization_and_reprocessing EMDR] where eye movement from left to right can help with processing thoughts. The [[eyeballs|ciliary]] muscle can also relax as you notice objects passing in and out of your vision as you move forwards.
* Tilting your eyes in your eye sockets upwards can make you more alert. You could take advantage of this by placing something to look at higher than your head level.
* Myopia has an observed correlation with not sleeping in a dark room.
* Make time for distance viewing every day.
* You can train your vision by tracking smoothly moving objects. aka "[[smooth pursuit]]"
* You can train near-far visual training, 2-3 minutes, 3-4 times a week
* Exposure to red light early in the day has shown promise in improving vision in adults 40+ years in age.
* Is also a proponent of printing out a [[Snellen]] chart and experimenting with it.

(editor's note: just listen to the episode...)

Clip about panoramic vision:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dqCEOJSvgwA

==Recommended Sleep Practices==

(From the sleep recommendations newsletter:)[https://hubermanlab.com/toolkit-for-sleep/]
* View sunlight by going outside within 30-60 minutes of waking. Do that again in the late afternoon, prior to sunset. Ideally without [[sunglasses]], but don't look at light so bright that you need to squint.
* Avoid viewing bright lights—especially bright overhead lights between 10 pm and 4 am.

[https://hubermanlab.com/dr-samer-hattar-timing-light-food-exercise-for-better-sleep-energy-mood/ Interview with Dr. Samer Hattar:]
* Dr. Hattar's opinion that color spectrum changing glasses like blue-blocker glasses [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUu3f0ETMJQ&t=2695s are not a good idea]
* TODO: someone listen to the episode again and let us know your takeaways in here.

[[Category:Huberman]]

Smooth pursuit

2022-10-14T00:24:31Z

Angel: added Category:Huberman using HotCat

A [[Huberman]]-recommended vision practice, ''smooth pursuit'' is training your vision by tracking smoothly moving objects.

[[Category:Huberman]]