Endmyopia Wiki - User contributions [en]

Writing:Neurology And Binocular Vision

2023-01-31T18:33:23Z

Dlskidmore: First Draft

== What is Binocular Vision ==

Binocular vision is most simply looking at something with both eyes. In normal human binocular vision, a person trains both eyes on the same object, and sees it from two slightly different areas, and inside the brain this (along with other contextual clues) renders as a three dimensional image. This requires a complex choreography of the muscles directing the aim of the eye, the ones directing the focus of the eye, and the image processing center in the brain.

== Binocular Vision and Near Focus ==

Binocular vision is not only useful in catching flying balls and estimating how far you have to run, it's also very important for looking at things close to you. Minor binocular vision issues often manifest in not being able to look at near object for a long time. Near object like toys, books, or a caregivers face.

== The Mind Body Connection ==

We tend to treat the mind and the body as completely separate entities, but they develop together in concert. A deaf child that gets a cochlear implant as a teenager will not immediately understand language, and may even find the ability to hear irritating or painful. So what happens to an infant that was never comfortable focusing on mom's face, or a toddler that can't look at his toy for very long at a time? It is possible that this is one of the contributing factors to Autism and ADHD. (I've heard of a few cases resolving with binocular vision treatment, but I do not believe this is the sole cause of either disorder.)

== Screening for Children ==

As much as we like to be DIY at Endmyopia, Binocular vision issues are pretty tricky, and it may be best to go with an expert on this. If you have a child with ADHD or Autistic traits, it may be worth a professional binocular vision evaluation. Try to find a specialist in Vision Therapy, and ask for a trial treatment of even minor issues.

== Prism Lenses ==

A prism lens will immediately correct for vision issues, and may reveal in a short period if this is a contributing factor to a child's behavioral differences. It is likely that you'll end up with full prescription lenses though, get bifocals or separate readers if you can. '''Do be careful about mucking with reductions with prism lenses''', the prism and the reduction must be balanced. '''Incorrect use of prism, or too strong of a reduction, can CAUSE more binocular vision issues.''' Prism lenses will help you determine if it is worth pursuing the more long term solution of vision therapy.

Note that the older a person is, the slower their neurology changes, and you may or may not see any benefit as an adult. Consult a professional to get advice if you should use prism lenses.

== Vision Therapy ==

The good news is that the once long held beliefs that neurology is set in stone at developmental milestones is slowly being dis-proven. Although it is easier to influence neurology at younger ages, it can improve at any age. Vision therapy is a set of exercises that help coordinate the muscles and nerves involved in binocular vision. Many of these exercises involve strong lenses and special tools and should be done with the help of an expert so you don't make things worse instead of better.

=== Brock String ===

The Brock String is a form of vision therapy that is very safe to perform at home. The Brock string is a string with several colored beads on it. One end is attached about eye level to a wall, and the other end is held by the user up to their nose. By moving the beads and your focus point, and noticing the string shapes coming out of the bead, you are consciously exercising your binocular vision system. Look up a few exercises and practice them daily.

== Off Topic Screenings ==

If you ended up here because your child has ADHD, Dyslexia, or ASD, here's some other mind-body screenings to consider:

* Retained Primitive Reflexes

* Hyper-flexibility

* Muscle tone in ankles and wrists.

== Love For Neuro-divergents! ==

Whatever your neurological differences, most of them come with advantages as well as weaknesses. This article is designed to help pinpoint and resolve some weaknesses, but please don't neglect your strengths! Are you nearsighted? I bet you can thread a needle better than average. Have trouble focusing on details? You might be a big picture thinker...

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=evathYHc1Fg

Writing:Binocular Vision in Children

2021-09-23T14:31:22Z

Dlskidmore: /* Treatments */

{{Writing|author=Dlskidmore}}

Endmyopia attracts a higher than population average of parents with children that have vision issues above and beyond myopia. Unfortunately we can't help much with medical issues here, but I did want to consolidate some of the reoccurring discussions on the topic of binocular vision and point parents at the available resources.

==Symptoms==
Symptoms your child may have that indicate they should be evaluated by a specialist in binocular vision or vision therapy:
* Lazy eye - One eye wanders
* Your child doesn't look you straight in the eye
* Corrected visual acuity isn't close to 20/20 or 6/6.
* More than a diopter difference between the prescription in the two eyes.
* Poor coordination at 3D tasks like catching balls.
* ADD - Binocular vision issues don't cause true ADD, but can cause similar symptoms and misdiagnosis.
* Autism - Binocular vision issues don't cause true autism, but can cause similar symptoms and misdiagnosis.

==Why be concerned==
Binocular vision isn't just a problem with the eyes, or a problem with the muscles around the eye, it also affects brain development. The earlier you can get this issue corrected the better your child's long term vision will be. If you want to follow the Endmyopia methods, you absolutely need a fully engaged visual cortex and good corrected visual acuity.

==Treatments==
Your doctor may prescribe:
* Prism lenses - these provide temporary alleviation of symptoms, but should be combined with another treatment. These can help the visual cortex develop true 3D vision while you're still working on getting the eyes to look in the same direction.
* Vision therapy - exercises that improve the coordination between the eyes. These are often done in the office with a doctor, with some homework exercises. The types of exercises done with lenses should absolutely be done with the direction of a medical professional so you don't make the problem worse instead of better.
* Surgery - if given the option between therapy and surgery I'd try therapy first due to the risks of surgery, but your doctor is most qualified to advise you if surgery is absolutely necessary.

==I can't find a specialist==
Endmyopia students come from all over the world, and access to specialists may vary. Vision therapy can be done at home, but it must be done right. Unfortunately we can't help you much directly at Endmyopia because this is a medical issue. There are however plenty of books available on vision therapy, and I encourage you to purchase one and dive in. There are manuals suggested for parents and teachers, and there are textbooks that teach the subject at a deeper level. There are also YouTube resources for vision therapy if you search for them.

Writing:Binocular Vision in Children

2021-09-21T14:19:14Z

Dlskidmore: initial revision

{{Writing|author=Dlskidmore}}

Endmyopia attracts a higher than population average of parents with children that have vision issues above and beyond myopia. Unfortunately we can't help much with medical issues here, but I did want to consolidate some of the reoccurring discussions on the topic of binocular vision and point parents at the available resources.

==Symptoms==
Symptoms your child may have that indicate they should be evaluated by a specialist in binocular vision or vision therapy:
* Lazy eye - One eye wanders
* Your child doesn't look you straight in the eye
* Corrected visual acuity isn't close to 20/20 or 6/6.
* More than a diopter difference between the prescription in the two eyes.
* Poor coordination at 3D tasks like catching balls.
* ADD - Binocular vision issues don't cause true ADD, but can cause similar symptoms and misdiagnosis.
* Autism - Binocular vision issues don't cause true autism, but can cause similar symptoms and misdiagnosis.

==Why be concerned==
Binocular vision isn't just a problem with the eyes, or a problem with the muscles around the eye, it also affects brain development. The earlier you can get this issue corrected the better your child's long term vision will be. If you want to follow the Endmyopia methods, you absolutely need a fully engaged visual cortex and good corrected visual acuity.

==Treatments==
Your doctor may prescribe:
* Prism lenses - these provide temporary alleviation of symptoms, but should be combined with another treatment.
* Vision therapy - exercises that improve the coordination between the eyes. These are often done in the office with a doctor, with some homework exercises. The types of exercises done with lenses should absolutely be done with the direction of a medical professional so you don't make the problem worse instead of better.
* Surgery - if given the option between therapy and surgery I'd try therapy first due to the risks of surgery, but your doctor is most qualified to advise you if surgery is absolutely necessary.

==I can't find a specialist==
Endmyopia students come from all over the world, and access to specialists may vary. Vision therapy can be done at home, but it must be done right. Unfortunately we can't help you much directly at Endmyopia because this is a medical issue. There are however plenty of books available on vision therapy, and I encourage you to purchase one and dive in. There are manuals suggested for parents and teachers, and there are textbooks that teach the subject at a deeper level. There are also YouTube resources for vision therapy if you search for them.

Writing:Very High Myopia

2021-07-26T02:15:37Z

Dlskidmore: /* How to do EM with very high myopia */

{{Writing|author=Dlskidmore}}

Thoughts from someone starting EM at -17D...

Different ranges of myopia may have different experiences with the EndMyopia method
There are a few break points where the End Myopia methods get a little more complicated. The higher your myopia, the trickier measurements get. The exact ranges of concern vary depending on the sources you check with, but here’s some ballpark ranges:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| 0 to -1.5D || Last Diopter, you don’t even need [[differentials]]. Your progress will be slower.
|-
| -1.5D to -4D || Low Myopia, [[vertex distance]] issues negligible.
|-
| -4D to -6D || Low myopia, but you need to start accounting for [[vertex distance]]. (Different sources use different numbers for the break point between Low and High myopia, -5D or -6D.)
|-
| -6D to -10D || High myopia but you can still use all the tools of EndMyopia
|-
| -10D to -20D || Very high myopia, [[cm measurement]] and [[subjective refraction]] become less reliable, but lenses are still commercially available (in decreasing number of options)
|-
| -20D and up|| Very high myopia, lenses are harder to obtain.
|}

=Challenges=

==CM Measurement==
(see [[cm measurement]])

At -10D, an additional quarter diopter is a matter of 2 mm. At -15, an additional quarter diopter is only 1mm. It is very hard to measure the distance to blur precisely enough to measure small changes in your vision.

==Vertex Distance==
(see [[vertex distance]])
Some people think they're going to solve the cm measurement issue with a test lens kit, but vertex distance issues are just as bad. At -10D, moving the test frame 2mm, can have a 0.25D effect on apparent lens strength<ref>{{Cite web |title=Back Vertex Distance Compensator |url=http://bvdcalculator.garethcooper.com/ |last=Cooper |first=Gareth |website=bvdcalculator.garethcooper.com |access-date=2021-07-25}}</ref>. At -15D, moving the test frame 1mm has more than 0.25D effect on apparent lens strength. Even if you have your eyes professionally measured, if the frames you order have a different vertex distance than the apparatus you were measured in, a correction to the value may need to be made.

==Optical center==
The stronger the lens, the more important vertical placement of the optical center is, and most places that make glasses without a prescription do not do custom pupil height lenses. (This would be difficult to do if offered, as this measurement is particular to specific frames and the shape of your face, so you’d have to order fitter frames with plano lenses, mark optical height and return them. Your optometrist does this, sending the marked plano lenses to the lab for reference when grinding your lenses.)

==Unintentional Cylinder==
A strong lens, held at a slight angle to the intended angle, introduces an unintentional cylinder power. This cylinder can cause headaches, disorientation, difficulty adjusting to new glasses, and potential adaptation to the cylinder causing changes in your next subjective refraction. If your axis is changing frequently, this may be caused by an unintentional cylinder power in your glasses.

==Time to 20/20==
Even at the best possible rate of improvement, 0.75D per year, it may take a very high myope a very long time to get to 20/20 even if they can stick with the program that long and have steady progress.

==Eyeballs are not round==
As eye length increases, it tends to decrease in regularity of shape.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lecture: Myopia: Dispelling Myths and Misconceptions |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-fIzGee6z4 |language=en |access-date=2021-07-25}}</ref> Measurements of your eye length gets less reliable the longer your eye is. It's unknown what all the effects of this are, but possible it's contributing to astigmatism or the risk factors that come along with high myopia. It may also be why auto-refractors tend to be inaccurate.

=Benefits=
Even if you can’t really expect to get to 20/20 any time soon, and there are some hurdles in your way, the practices recommended by EndMyopia can still be beneficial.

==Eye strain==
It’s quite probable you got to be so myopic, at least partially, through eye strain. You may not notice it because you’re used to it, but all that near work you do is affecting your eyes. If you have progression, tiredness, dry eye, or vertigo, you might benefit from taking more breaks from your computer/books/craft and wearing weaker computer glasses. (See [[Differentials]] and [[20-20-20 rule]])

==Risks of other eye diseases==
High myopia is associated with several more concerning eye diseases. Of the limited ranges studied, the more myopic you are, the higher your risk. The mechanism of this relationship is not known, but [[myopic defocus]] (the primary mechanism of EndMyopia) could help in multiple ways.
* The ciliary muscle affects [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliary_muscle#Trabecular_meshwork_pore_size drainage of aqueous fluid], which could affect glaucoma risk.
* The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliary_body ciliary body], attached to the ciliary muscle, affects production of aqueous fluid, which could affect glaucoma risk.
* The choroidal tissue layer thickens with myopic defocus <ref>{{Cite web |title=Choroidal changes in human myopia: insights from optical coherence tomography imaging |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/cxo.12862 |last=Read |first=Scott A. |last2=Fuss |first2=James A. |date=2019 |website=Clinical and Experimental Optometry |pages=270–285 |language=en |doi=10.1111/cxo.12862 |access-date=2021-07-25 |last3=Vincent |first3=Stephen J. |last4=Collins |first4=Michael J. |last5=Alonso-Caneiro |first5=David}}</ref>, which could affect risk of various retinal issues.

==Stop Progression==
With optometrist glasses often running hundreds of dollars, and minor changes in frames causing disorienting distortion effects, being forced to get new prescriptions can be traumatic for those that are very high myopes, especially if they are breaking some barrier with additional challenges, like no longer being able to use your favorite brand of contacts because they don’t come in your new power. Just stabilizing your situation may have benefits in lowering your stress, keeping your current options open, and not elevating your risks for more severe eye issues any further.

==Autonomy==
As a very high myope, you’re more dependent on your lenses and your lens suppliers than lower myopes. This can have follow-on mental effects that are detrimental. Learning about your vision, learning how to get and adjust your lenses to suit you, having spare pairs of glasses that would have been unaffordable from the optometrist, gives you an additional level of control over your life and your environment. Even if you can order your own glasses, do continue to go get annual screenings to catch early signs of additional vision issues beyond the myopia itself.

=How to do EM with very high myopia=
Your best starting place is your professional refraction. The vertex distance issue is still an issue for them, but you should get a more consistent result from the professionals. Before ordering your first [[differentials]] remember to account for vertex distance. Change the vertex distance from 13 to 0 mm, (or if you're lucky the starting vertex distance will be on your prescription) then do your power reduction, then take that value and convert back to the 13mm vertex distance (or if you're lucky you already have a pair of the same frames and can measure the actual vertex distance on your face.)

Because pupil height is a bigger issue for stronger lenses, you may need to adjust your glasses to get a better fit. Find the [[optical center]] of your lens. You may be able to adjust the optical center through adjusting built in nose pads or adding adhesive nose pads, or changing where they sit on your face. If you can’t correct this, you should try ordering the same lenses in a different frame. Once you find frames you can adjust correctly, stick with those frames for future purchases. You’ll not only make it easier to fine tune the optical center, but the unintentional cylinder will be more consistent between pairs and cause fewer issues with switching.

Once you get your first differentials, you’re pretty much on the same track as someone with moderate myopia. Forget about the numbers except when you’re ordering lenses, your subjective experience of distance to blur in your glasses is your key to knowing when to decrease. Notice when you are leaning into the screen/book and when you have enough clarity to back up. When you’re leaning in, notice if you’re leaning in because the text is too small or because it’s blurry. If the text is too small, use a larger font size and back up to the edge of blur. If you can see large text from further away than you want to sit, then you’re ready for a reduction already.

If you're a real stickler for measurement, the only way to eliminate vertex distance issues is to place a lens on your eye. You'll need a contact lens that is the same base curve and material as the ones you were professionally fitted with, but a power at least 1D low. You can then take your cm measurement in the contacts, then add that result to your contact lens power to get your total lens power needed to see clearly to infinity.


[[Category:Project Miscellaneous]]

Subjective refraction

2021-07-26T02:09:33Z

Dlskidmore: initial revision

#REDIRECT [[Trial lens kit]]

Writing:Very High Myopia

2021-07-26T02:06:48Z

Dlskidmore: Initial Revision- Reference edited with ProveIt

{{Writing|author=Dlskidmore}}

Thoughts from someone starting EM at -17D...

Different ranges of myopia may have different experiences with the EndMyopia method
There are a few break points where the End Myopia methods get a little more complicated. The higher your myopia, the trickier measurements get. The exact ranges of concern vary depending on the sources you check with, but here’s some ballpark ranges:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| 0 to -1.5D || Last Diopter, you don’t even need [[differentials]]. Your progress will be slower.
|-
| -1.5D to -4D || Low Myopia, [[vertex distance]] issues negligible.
|-
| -4D to -6D || Low myopia, but you need to start accounting for [[vertex distance]]. (Different sources use different numbers for the break point between Low and High myopia, -5D or -6D.)
|-
| -6D to -10D || High myopia but you can still use all the tools of EndMyopia
|-
| -10D to -20D || Very high myopia, [[cm measurement]] and [[subjective refraction]] become less reliable, but lenses are still commercially available (in decreasing number of options)
|-
| -20D and up|| Very high myopia, lenses are harder to obtain.
|}

=Challenges=

==CM Measurement==
(see [[cm measurement]])

At -10D, an additional quarter diopter is a matter of 2 mm. At -15, an additional quarter diopter is only 1mm. It is very hard to measure the distance to blur precisely enough to measure small changes in your vision.

==Vertex Distance==
(see [[vertex distance]])
Some people think they're going to solve the cm measurement issue with a test lens kit, but vertex distance issues are just as bad. At -10D, moving the test frame 2mm, can have a 0.25D effect on apparent lens strength<ref>{{Cite web |title=Back Vertex Distance Compensator |url=http://bvdcalculator.garethcooper.com/ |last=Cooper |first=Gareth |website=bvdcalculator.garethcooper.com |access-date=2021-07-25}}</ref>. At -15D, moving the test frame 1mm has more than 0.25D effect on apparent lens strength. Even if you have your eyes professionally measured, if the frames you order have a different vertex distance than the apparatus you were measured in, a correction to the value may need to be made.

==Optical center==
The stronger the lens, the more important vertical placement of the optical center is, and most places that make glasses without a prescription do not do custom pupil height lenses. (This would be difficult to do if offered, as this measurement is particular to specific frames and the shape of your face, so you’d have to order fitter frames with plano lenses, mark optical height and return them. Your optometrist does this, sending the marked plano lenses to the lab for reference when grinding your lenses.)

==Unintentional Cylinder==
A strong lens, held at a slight angle to the intended angle, introduces an unintentional cylinder power. This cylinder can cause headaches, disorientation, difficulty adjusting to new glasses, and potential adaptation to the cylinder causing changes in your next subjective refraction. If your axis is changing frequently, this may be caused by an unintentional cylinder power in your glasses.

==Time to 20/20==
Even at the best possible rate of improvement, 0.75D per year, it may take a very high myope a very long time to get to 20/20 even if they can stick with the program that long and have steady progress.

==Eyeballs are not round==
As eye length increases, it tends to decrease in regularity of shape.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lecture: Myopia: Dispelling Myths and Misconceptions |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-fIzGee6z4 |language=en |access-date=2021-07-25}}</ref> Measurements of your eye length gets less reliable the longer your eye is. It's unknown what all the effects of this are, but possible it's contributing to astigmatism or the risk factors that come along with high myopia. It may also be why auto-refractors tend to be inaccurate.

=Benefits=
Even if you can’t really expect to get to 20/20 any time soon, and there are some hurdles in your way, the practices recommended by EndMyopia can still be beneficial.

==Eye strain==
It’s quite probable you got to be so myopic, at least partially, through eye strain. You may not notice it because you’re used to it, but all that near work you do is affecting your eyes. If you have progression, tiredness, dry eye, or vertigo, you might benefit from taking more breaks from your computer/books/craft and wearing weaker computer glasses. (See [[Differentials]] and [[20-20-20 rule]])

==Risks of other eye diseases==
High myopia is associated with several more concerning eye diseases. Of the limited ranges studied, the more myopic you are, the higher your risk. The mechanism of this relationship is not known, but [[myopic defocus]] (the primary mechanism of EndMyopia) could help in multiple ways.
* The ciliary muscle affects [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliary_muscle#Trabecular_meshwork_pore_size drainage of aqueous fluid], which could affect glaucoma risk.
* The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliary_body ciliary body], attached to the ciliary muscle, affects production of aqueous fluid, which could affect glaucoma risk.
* The choroidal tissue layer thickens with myopic defocus <ref>{{Cite web |title=Choroidal changes in human myopia: insights from optical coherence tomography imaging |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/cxo.12862 |last=Read |first=Scott A. |last2=Fuss |first2=James A. |date=2019 |website=Clinical and Experimental Optometry |pages=270–285 |language=en |doi=10.1111/cxo.12862 |access-date=2021-07-25 |last3=Vincent |first3=Stephen J. |last4=Collins |first4=Michael J. |last5=Alonso-Caneiro |first5=David}}</ref>, which could affect risk of various retinal issues.

==Stop Progression==
With optometrist glasses often running hundreds of dollars, and minor changes in frames causing disorienting distortion effects, being forced to get new prescriptions can be traumatic for those that are very high myopes, especially if they are breaking some barrier with additional challenges, like no longer being able to use your favorite brand of contacts because they don’t come in your new power. Just stabilizing your situation may have benefits in lowering your stress, keeping your current options open, and not elevating your risks for more severe eye issues any further.

==Autonomy==
As a very high myope, you’re more dependent on your lenses and your lens suppliers than lower myopes. This can have follow-on mental effects that are detrimental. Learning about your vision, learning how to get and adjust your lenses to suit you, having spare pairs of glasses that would have been unaffordable from the optometrist, gives you an additional level of control over your life and your environment. Even if you can order your own glasses, do continue to go get annual screenings to catch early signs of additional vision issues beyond the myopia itself.

=How to do EM with very high myopia=
Your best starting place is your professional refraction. The vertex distance issue is still an issue for them, but you should get a more consistent result from the professionals. Before ordering your first [[differentials]] remember to account for vertex distance. Change the vertex distance from 13 to 0 mm, then do your power reduction, then take that value and convert back to the 13mm vertex distance.

Because pupil height is a bigger issue for stronger lenses, you may need to adjust your glasses to get a better fit. Find the [[optical center]] of your lens. You may be able to adjust the optical center through adjusting built in nose pads or adding adhesive nose pads, or changing where they sit on your face. If you can’t correct this, you should try ordering the same lenses in a different frame. Once you find frames you can adjust correctly, stick with those frames for future purchases. You’ll not only make it easier to fine tune the optical center, but the unintentional cylinder will be more consistent between pairs and cause fewer issues with switching.

Once you get your first differentials, you’re pretty much on the same track as someone with moderate myopia. Forget about the numbers except when you’re ordering lenses, your subjective experience of distance to blur in your glasses is your key to knowing when to decrease. Notice when you are leaning into the screen/book and when you have enough clarity to back up. When you’re leaning in, notice if you’re leaning in because the text is too small or because it’s blurry. If the text is too small, use a larger font size and back up to the edge of blur. If you can see large text from further away than you want to sit, then you’re ready for a reduction already.

If you're a real stickler for measurement, the only way to eliminate vertex distance issues is to place a lens on your eye. You'll need a contact lens that is the same base curve and material as the ones you were professionally fitted with, but a power at least 1D low. You can then take your cm measurement in the contacts, then add that result to your contact lens power to get your total lens power needed to see clearly to infinity.


[[Category:Project Miscellaneous]]

Guide:My Child Has Myopia

2021-02-14T01:44:53Z

Dlskidmore: /* Most kids are born Hyperopic */

==Welcome==
Your kid is very lucky to have you, a parent that goes above and beyond what the doctor says and does their own research. Many parents are concerned that they only see adults on the forums, and wonder if EndMyopia works for kids. The great news is that most of the science that EndMyopia is based on was done on young and growing animals and children, the work on adults is actually more experimental. If your kid is still growing, they have a better chance of rapid improvement than adults, especially if they've just gotten their first glasses prescription.

==Most kids are born [[Hyperopic]]==
When your child first opened his/her eyes, they were probably farsighted. As they grow, the eye lengthens, and they become closer and closer to perfect vision. This growth reacts to stimulus it is given, and tunes your child's eyesight for the task distance they do most. If they spend time with screens, books, and table-top crafts, their eyesight will become tuned for those things, very functional at close range, but not very good at distance vision. If they spend more time outdoors, looking at scenery, or doing sports, their eyesight will become tuned for those things, more functional at distance, and needing ciliary muscles to do a little work for close tasks.

Children born premature or with myopia inducing conditions may be born myopic. Consult your doctor if your child is not following normal development.

==It starts as Pseudomyopia==
''See full article: [[Pseudomyopia]]''

If your child does some near and some far work, they might still have some issues with distance vision beyond what their eye length alone would cause. Pseudomyopia is when the ciliary muscle gets cramped while doing near work, and can not fully relax for distance vision. Pseudomyopia may be all that is going on with your child's first troubles with distance vision, and is much more easily fixed than true myopia. (But the steps you need to take are the same.)

==It's more than just Pseudomyopia==
Maybe you went ahead and got the glasses a few years ago when the doctor said to, maybe your child has progressed beyond pseudomyopia and you're concerned about continued progression. Don't worry, it's not too late. Start with the same habits, the same program, and your child has a very good chance of literally growing out of it, as long as they continue to grow they can see more rapid results from good habits than an adult.

==The first three habits==

* Only wear glasses when they are needed. If your child is not in school, and they can participate in all their activities without glasses, just put the glasses away. Talk to the teacher about putting your child up in the front row and testing his/her eyesight on the types of materials the teacher puts on the board, and see if they can do without glasses at school. If they do need glasses for school, emphasize that they are only for use with the board. If your child is too young to manage their glasses, and the teacher can't/won't help them manage them, bifocals with a reading lens or no-power lens in the bottom may be an option.
* Get outside. Get your kid involved in any hobby you can think of that involves distance vision. If you have a safe yard or a good neighborhood porch grannie you might just do the old fashioned thing and kick them out of the house until dinner, although the modern parent may feel comfortable with signing up for sports activities.
* Minimize near work. School work has to be done, but they can take breaks to minimize strain. Leisure activities should though either involve moving focus or focus at at least six feet (two meters). If you can, eliminate handheld devices from their routine.

==Follow the Guide==
All the same steps for adults apply to children, although you may have to be creative about motivating kids. You know your child best and how to redirect them. Read the guide for adults and kids: [[Guide:Start your improvement here]].

===Active Focus===
Kids might not want to "active focus" but they may enjoy some distance vision activities and games. [[Active focus]] can be a natural consequence of participating in distance activities and wanting to see a little further, it doesn't have to be a drill done on street signs.

====Distance Vision Activity Suggestions for Children====
* Outdoor sports
* Stargazing
* Cloud gazing
* Model rockets
* Paper airplane flying
* Bird Watching (place bird feeder at least 20 feet from the window if doing this from inside. Outdoors is better.)
* Hiking
* Picnics (This doesn't have to be fancy, lunch on the balcony gives plenty of opportunity to look around at distant objects while eating.)
* Playgrounds
* Line dancing
* "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_spy I Spy]"
* Painting Scenery and distant objects
* Podcasts in the hammock/on the balcony (Use a limited function device so this doesn't become screen time.)
* Archery

===Measuring edge of blur===
''Related [[Cm Measurement]]''

Pre-lingual or developmentally delayed children may have trouble telling you what they see. The optometrist is going to have similar issues doing a standard manifest refraction. The optometrist can do an auto-refraction test or retinoscopy, but results may still be over-prescribed if your child can not follow instructions to focus on the target. These measurements from the optometrist can though serve as a starting place for your child. Start by calculating [[differentials]] from this measurement, and get glasses for your child. Give the glasses to your child for some near work activity they enjoy and observe their posture and behavior. Are they pulling the book close? Are they participating in the activity longer or shorter than usual? You can then try small changes up or down, and see if your child seems more comfortable holding their books or coloring at a healthy distance. Once they have comfortable differentials, you can back-calculate their [[normalized]].

==What about this treatment my doctor recommended?==
Only you know your risk/reward tolerance. The conventional treatments do show promise of slowing myopia progression, but not stopping it, and not reversing it. EndMyopia does not yet have long term studies to gauge effectiveness, but it has worked for many people, and the science definitely backs up that minus lenses on growing youth causes more myopia, which all the conventional treatments will include. Read up on the known side effects of the proposed treatment and make your decision. (Please do read multiple sources and not just these short summaries.)
* Atropine - a chemical that paralyzes both the ciliary and pupil. Although it does partially relax the ciliary, your child may have trouble with seeing near work and with bright outdoor lighting.
* Multifocal contacts - Gives some of the benefits of bifocals, but can be difficult for a child to manage safely, and comes with a risk of eye infection and corneal thinning.
* Ortho K - reshapes the cornea at night for temporary good distance vision during the day. Waning eyesight over the course of the day makes this less harmful than all day full correction, but they're still wearing full correction in the morning. Has all the same risks as multifocal contacts.
* Bifocals - This is one of the more promising treatments for children too young to manage taking glasses on and off, but may cause physical and social awkwardness as they can not see clearly out of the whole lens, which affects their ability to use peripheral vision and requires them to look around more to see less than even a child in regular glasses.
* Separate reading glasses, or directives to only wear glasses for distance work - Hey, sounds like you have a promising doc, [[:Category:Community|we'd love to hear more]] about him.

==See Also==
Jake Rants about Atropine: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cylh7gwXOUY

[[Category:Guides]]

Floaters

2020-09-29T16:51:48Z

Dlskidmore: pineapple

==Retinal Damage Warning==
If you have new bright or black spots in your vision that don't move around, this could be a medical emergency and you should call your [[optometrist]] on-call number '''immediately''', or go to your local immediate care center or emergency room for examination. Do not assume this is a harmless floater.

==True Floaters==
Floaters are spots in the vision that move around as you move your eye. These are usually harmless tangles of collagen in the [[vitreous humor]] of the [[eyeball]]. You should have new floaters inspected by your optometrist as they can be signs of more serious eye conditions, such as a [[vitreous detachment]] which is a risk factor for [[retinal detachment]].

Many people starting EM notice an increase in floaters. It is unknown if this is a side effect of EM, or if changing focal planes just makes existing floaters more noticeable that were previously ignored by the [[visual cortex]].

Typically your [[optometrist]] will monitor your floaters without treatment, but there are treatments available for some floaters if they are impeding your ability to focus.

==Natural Treatment==
Floaters may go away on their own. They can drift down out of the visual field, or the visual cortex can learn to filter them out so you don't see them under most circumstances.

There have been a couple studies on treating floaters with pineapple<ref>http://www.jofamericanscience.org/journals/am-sci/jas150419/03_34649jas150419_17_30.pdf</ref> and other fruit enzymes<ref>https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/17/5901</ref>. This has not yet been widely reproduced, but is an available option for knowledgeable self-experiment.

[[Category:Articles]]
[[Category:Eye conditions]]

Lens

2020-09-17T18:42:03Z

Dlskidmore: /* Contacts */ Cautions about 3rd party sources

A lens is any medium that transmits light and has an [[Index of Refraction]] and shape designed to bend light. The strength of lenses are measured in [[diopters]]. Lenses come in many forms but there's a few critical ones that relate to EM.

==Crystalline Lens==
This is the lens inside your [[eyeballs]]. It is not actually the strongest part of your internal [[refractive state]] but it is the part that is quickly adjustable. The [[ciliary muscle]] can flex this lens and change it's power. The ability to change the power of this lens to focus on near work is called [[accommodation]]. As you age, the crystalline lens thickens and is prone to [[presbyopia]] and [[cataracts]].

==Worn Correction==
If the [[refractive state]] of your eye causes [[myopia]] or [[hyperopia]] then you probably wear contacts or glasses. This "corrects" the light coming into your eye to compensate for the refractive state in your eye.

=== Glasses ===
Glasses are lenses worn in front of the face, typically at a [[vertex distance]] of 10 to 13 cm. Glasses are easily changed and have lower risks than contact lenses, but at higher powers may have some trade-offs.

==== Distortion Effects ====
Glasses are only perfectly tuned through their optical centers. If your [[Pupillary Distance]], Pupillary height, or lens adjustment are off, you might not be looking through the optical center of the lens, and you are certainly not looking through the optical center when you look around instead of straight ahead. The power of the lens will vary, and unintentional cylinder can be introduced. You may also not be wearing the lens at the intended vertex distance, affecting the effective power of the lens. The stronger the lens the more of a difference this makes.

=== Contacts ===
Contact lenses are in physical contact with your eye, and have a vertex distance of 0. They carry high risks of infection, [[dry eye]] and other eye injuries, and require extensive care, and are hard to swap out multiple times a day, but have fewer distortion effects than glasses at higher powers.
====How to use Contacts with EM====
Choose a power for your contacts to match, your prescription, [[normalized]], or [[differentials]], and then use glasses over the contacts to get to the other focal planes you need. This ruins the cosmetic benefits of wearing contacts, but may make the process easier for people with strong lenses or who need to not wear glasses for sports or other reasons.

* Since it's easiest to get contacts at full prescription, and many people want contacts for outdoor activity, most people use prescription contacts and [[plus lenses]] over. This may put you in the range to use cheap drug store readers, but it's better to get good ones from a custom [[lens seller]].
* The next most common strategy is to use differential contacts with [[minus lenses]] over for [[normalized]]. This has the advantage of less total lens over the eye, and a thinner contact may be more comfortable and allow more oxygen through to the surface of the eye. (And in specific cases may affect the cost of contact lenses, when stepping down from the extended range brand to the normal range brand in the same material/design.) This has the disadvantage of requiring glasses for outdoor activity.

====Cautions about 3rd party sources====
If you buy glasses online, you can pretty much get optically clear glass and an anti reflective coating in any of the cheap brands. When wearing contacts, oxygen permeability and the fit of the lens to your eye surface are important to eyeball health. Whenever possible, get contacts fitted by a professional [[optometrist]]. If you get any contacts other than those you are fitted for, you introduce significant additional risks on top of the expected contacts risks. You can get contacts in the same brand, material, diameter, and base curve as your professionally fitted ones, but event the difference in thickness could affect fit. A bad fit may not be obvious to the wearer, but can cause damage to the cornea over time.<ref>https://coopervision.com/sites/coopervision.com/files/pfg0001_revg_biofinity_family_pfg_clean_sep2019.pdf</ref>

==See Also==
* [[lens selections]]

[[Category:Articles]]

Plzbro

2020-09-09T19:08:03Z

Dlskidmore: new page

A Plzbro is someone that doesn't want to do their own research. They just want someone to give them [[Tha Stepz]] and do all the learning and math for them. Plzbros are a dead-weight on the community, asking the same questions over and over, and even if they can find a mentor willing to give them [[Explainer:No diopter specific advice|diopter specific advice against community rules]], they see less improvement because they don't understand the process.

Don't be a Plzbro, start with [[Guide:Start your improvement here]].

Nobody else can tell you:
* how far your work is from your face
* how much blur you're seeing
* how clearly you need to be able to see your work
* if you are cylinder dependent
* if you are ready for your next reduction
* if you reduced too fast and need to go back
* if you're spending enough time outside

Lens-induced myopia

2020-09-06T03:58:07Z

Dlskidmore: syntax

'''Lens-induced myopia''' is the generally accepted observation <ref>[https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=lens+induced+myopia Google Scholar list of Lens Induced Myopia studies]</ref> (by researchers, if not the mainstream optometry industry - citation needed) that wearing corrective lenses seems to somehow cause myopia to worsen. Typically when someone wears [[distance vision]] glasses for [[close-up]] use.

The actual mechanism is still an area of active research, but the underlying cause appears to be [[axial elongation]]<ref>
{{cite journal| author=McBrien NA, Adams DW| title=A longitudinal investigation of adult-onset and adult-progression of myopia in an occupational group. Refractive and biometric findings. | journal=Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci | year= 1997 | volume= 38 | issue= 2 | pages= 321-33 | pmid=9040464 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9040464 }}
</ref>.

One of several hypotheses is that it is result of [[hyperopic defocus]].<ref name="Proteomic analysis of chick retina during early recovery from lens‑induced myopia">
{{Cite journal |last=Zhou |first=Yun Yun |last2=Chun |first2=Rachel Ka Man |last3=Wang |first3=Jian Chao |last4=Zuo |first4=Bing |last5=Li |first5=King Kit |last6=Lam |first6=Thomas Chuen |last7=Liu |first7=Quan |last8=To |first8=Chi-Ho |date=2018-05-03 |title=Proteomic analysis of chick retina during early recovery from lens‑induced myopia |url=http://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/mmr.2018.8954/abstract |journal=Molecular Medicine Reports |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=59–66 |doi=10.3892/mmr.2018.8954 |issn=1791-2997}}</ref>

It has been shown in studies that myopic defocus is protective against myopia progression.<ref name="Long -term effects of optical defocus on eye growth and refractogenesis">
{{Cite journal |last=Tarutta |first=Elena |date=2016 |title=Long -term effects of optical defocus on eye growth and refractogenesis |url=https://www.pum.edu.pl/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/112849/PomeranianJLifeSci_62-01_025-030.pdf |journal=Pomeranian J Life Sci |volume=62(1) |pages=25–30}}</ref>

A core tenant of EM is that doing [[near work]] in lenses designed for [[distance work]] causes myopia progression. Even if hyperopic blur is not induced by the lenses, the [[accommodation]] system is being constantly stressed and this encourages eye [[axial elongation]].<ref>
{{cite journal| author=Read SA, Collins MJ, Woodman EC, Cheong SH| title=Axial length changes during accommodation in myopes and emmetropes. | journal=Optom Vis Sci | year= 2010 | volume= 87 | issue= 9 | pages= 656-62 | pmid=20562668 | doi=10.1097/OPX.0b013e3181e87dd3 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20562668 }}
</ref><ref>
{{cite journal| author=Mallen EA, Kashyap P, Hampson KM| title=Transient Axial Length Change during the Accommodation Response in Young Adults. | journal=Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci | year= 2006 | volume= 47 | issue= 3 | pages= 1251-4 | pmid=16505066 | doi=10.1167/iovs.05-1086 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16505066 }}
</ref>This is supported by the fact that both [[bifocals]] and [[multifocals]], which allow the eye to use less accommodation to do near work, are protective against myopia progression <ref name="Can Bifocals Slow Myopia Progression?">
{{Cite journal |last=Gw |first=Fulk |last2=La |first2=Cyert |date=Dec 1996 |title=Can Bifocals Slow Myopia Progression? |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9286316/ |journal=Journal of the American Optometric Association |language=en |volume=67(12) |pages=749–754 |pmid=9286316 |via=PubMed}}
</ref><ref name="Myopia Progression With Biofocal Soft Contact Lenses - A Twin Study">
{{Cite journal |last=Aller |first=Thomas |date=2002-12-13 |title=MYOPIA PROGRESSION WITH BIFOCAL SOFT CONTACT LENSES - A TWIN STUDY.: Poster # 142 |url=https://journals.lww.com/optvissci/Citation/2002/12001/MYOPIA_PROGRESSION_WITH_BIFOCAL_SOFT_CONTACT.346.aspx |journal=Optometry and Vision Science |language=en-US |volume=79 |issue=12 |pages=179 |issn=1538-9235}}
</ref><ref name="Myopia Control With Bifocal Contact Lenses: A Randomized Clinical Trial">
{{Cite journal |last=Aller |first=Thomas |last2=M |first2=Liu |last3=Cf |first3=Wildsoet |date=Apr 2016 |title=Myopia Control With Bifocal Contact Lenses: A Randomized Clinical Trial |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26784710/ |journal=Optometry and Vision Science Supplement |language=en |volume=93(4) |pages=344–52 |pmid=26784710}}
</ref><ref name="Effect of Bifocal Lenses on the Rate of Childhood Myopia Progression">
{{Cite journal |last=Goss |first=D A |date=Feb 1986 |title=Effect of Bifocal Lenses on the Rate of Childhood Myopia Progression |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3953756/ |journal=American journal of optometry and physiological optics |language=en |volume=63(2) |pages=135–41 |pmid=3953756}}
</ref>

==Near Work Induced Myopia==
This term is more heavily associated with [[Pseudomyopia]]. Many optometrists recommend the [[20-20-20 rule]] to prevent eye strain,<ref name="American Optometric Association 20-20-20 rule poster">
{{Cite web |title=American Optometric Association 20-20-20 rule poster |date=2020-05-30 |website=American Optometric Association |url=https://www.aoa.org/documents/infographics/SYVM2016Infographics.pdf |access-date=2020-05-30}}
</ref><ref name="Medical News Today: Does the 20-20-20 rule prevent eye strain?">
{{Cite web |title=20-20-20 rule: How to prevent eye strain |url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321536 |last=Nall |first=Rachel |date=2020-05-30 |website=www.medicalnewstoday.com |language=en |access-date=2020-05-30}}
</ref> which may be the mechanism behind myopia progression.

It is arguable if near work induced myopia is the same mechanism as lens induced myopia. Both are cases where you are doing work closer than [[20/20 eyesight]] finds comfortable, whether that acuity is "natural" (before your first pair of glasses) or with-correction.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Articles]]
[[Category:Eye conditions]]

Lens-induced myopia

2020-09-06T03:57:27Z

Dlskidmore: added the mother of all reference links.

'''Lens-induced myopia''' is the generally accepted observation <ref>[https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=lens+induced+myopia Google Scholar list of Lens Induced Myopia studies</ref> (by researchers, if not the mainstream optometry industry - citation needed) that wearing corrective lenses seems to somehow cause myopia to worsen. Typically when someone wears [[distance vision]] glasses for [[close-up]] use.

The actual mechanism is still an area of active research, but the underlying cause appears to be [[axial elongation]]<ref>
{{cite journal| author=McBrien NA, Adams DW| title=A longitudinal investigation of adult-onset and adult-progression of myopia in an occupational group. Refractive and biometric findings. | journal=Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci | year= 1997 | volume= 38 | issue= 2 | pages= 321-33 | pmid=9040464 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9040464 }}
</ref>.

One of several hypotheses is that it is result of [[hyperopic defocus]].<ref name="Proteomic analysis of chick retina during early recovery from lens‑induced myopia">
{{Cite journal |last=Zhou |first=Yun Yun |last2=Chun |first2=Rachel Ka Man |last3=Wang |first3=Jian Chao |last4=Zuo |first4=Bing |last5=Li |first5=King Kit |last6=Lam |first6=Thomas Chuen |last7=Liu |first7=Quan |last8=To |first8=Chi-Ho |date=2018-05-03 |title=Proteomic analysis of chick retina during early recovery from lens‑induced myopia |url=http://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/mmr.2018.8954/abstract |journal=Molecular Medicine Reports |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=59–66 |doi=10.3892/mmr.2018.8954 |issn=1791-2997}}</ref>

It has been shown in studies that myopic defocus is protective against myopia progression.<ref name="Long -term effects of optical defocus on eye growth and refractogenesis">
{{Cite journal |last=Tarutta |first=Elena |date=2016 |title=Long -term effects of optical defocus on eye growth and refractogenesis |url=https://www.pum.edu.pl/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/112849/PomeranianJLifeSci_62-01_025-030.pdf |journal=Pomeranian J Life Sci |volume=62(1) |pages=25–30}}</ref>

A core tenant of EM is that doing [[near work]] in lenses designed for [[distance work]] causes myopia progression. Even if hyperopic blur is not induced by the lenses, the [[accommodation]] system is being constantly stressed and this encourages eye [[axial elongation]].<ref>
{{cite journal| author=Read SA, Collins MJ, Woodman EC, Cheong SH| title=Axial length changes during accommodation in myopes and emmetropes. | journal=Optom Vis Sci | year= 2010 | volume= 87 | issue= 9 | pages= 656-62 | pmid=20562668 | doi=10.1097/OPX.0b013e3181e87dd3 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20562668 }}
</ref><ref>
{{cite journal| author=Mallen EA, Kashyap P, Hampson KM| title=Transient Axial Length Change during the Accommodation Response in Young Adults. | journal=Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci | year= 2006 | volume= 47 | issue= 3 | pages= 1251-4 | pmid=16505066 | doi=10.1167/iovs.05-1086 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16505066 }}
</ref>This is supported by the fact that both [[bifocals]] and [[multifocals]], which allow the eye to use less accommodation to do near work, are protective against myopia progression <ref name="Can Bifocals Slow Myopia Progression?">
{{Cite journal |last=Gw |first=Fulk |last2=La |first2=Cyert |date=Dec 1996 |title=Can Bifocals Slow Myopia Progression? |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9286316/ |journal=Journal of the American Optometric Association |language=en |volume=67(12) |pages=749–754 |pmid=9286316 |via=PubMed}}
</ref><ref name="Myopia Progression With Biofocal Soft Contact Lenses - A Twin Study">
{{Cite journal |last=Aller |first=Thomas |date=2002-12-13 |title=MYOPIA PROGRESSION WITH BIFOCAL SOFT CONTACT LENSES - A TWIN STUDY.: Poster # 142 |url=https://journals.lww.com/optvissci/Citation/2002/12001/MYOPIA_PROGRESSION_WITH_BIFOCAL_SOFT_CONTACT.346.aspx |journal=Optometry and Vision Science |language=en-US |volume=79 |issue=12 |pages=179 |issn=1538-9235}}
</ref><ref name="Myopia Control With Bifocal Contact Lenses: A Randomized Clinical Trial">
{{Cite journal |last=Aller |first=Thomas |last2=M |first2=Liu |last3=Cf |first3=Wildsoet |date=Apr 2016 |title=Myopia Control With Bifocal Contact Lenses: A Randomized Clinical Trial |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26784710/ |journal=Optometry and Vision Science Supplement |language=en |volume=93(4) |pages=344–52 |pmid=26784710}}
</ref><ref name="Effect of Bifocal Lenses on the Rate of Childhood Myopia Progression">
{{Cite journal |last=Goss |first=D A |date=Feb 1986 |title=Effect of Bifocal Lenses on the Rate of Childhood Myopia Progression |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3953756/ |journal=American journal of optometry and physiological optics |language=en |volume=63(2) |pages=135–41 |pmid=3953756}}
</ref>

==Near Work Induced Myopia==
This term is more heavily associated with [[Pseudomyopia]]. Many optometrists recommend the [[20-20-20 rule]] to prevent eye strain,<ref name="American Optometric Association 20-20-20 rule poster">
{{Cite web |title=American Optometric Association 20-20-20 rule poster |date=2020-05-30 |website=American Optometric Association |url=https://www.aoa.org/documents/infographics/SYVM2016Infographics.pdf |access-date=2020-05-30}}
</ref><ref name="Medical News Today: Does the 20-20-20 rule prevent eye strain?">
{{Cite web |title=20-20-20 rule: How to prevent eye strain |url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321536 |last=Nall |first=Rachel |date=2020-05-30 |website=www.medicalnewstoday.com |language=en |access-date=2020-05-30}}
</ref> which may be the mechanism behind myopia progression.

It is arguable if near work induced myopia is the same mechanism as lens induced myopia. Both are cases where you are doing work closer than [[20/20 eyesight]] finds comfortable, whether that acuity is "natural" (before your first pair of glasses) or with-correction.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Articles]]
[[Category:Eye conditions]]

Differentials

2020-09-06T03:39:55Z

Dlskidmore: more howto

[[File:Microsoft Cloud Event Dublin, upclose with graphs.jpg|thumb|Without ''diffs'', you're on the path to ever increasing prescriptions and will get nowhere with vision improvement :(]]
'''Differentials''' are reduced strength glasses for [[close-up|close up activity]]. They have a lower correction than your [[normalized]] lenses that allows you to see clearly only up to the screen. The difference between [[normalized]] and differential lenses is usually between 1 and 2 [[diopters]].<ref>{{cite jake|https://endmyopia.org/faq-items/what-is-the-differential-prescription/|What is the differential prescription?}}</ref><ref name=ChooseReduction>{{cite jake|https://endmyopia.org/choose-reduced-glasses-prescription-differential-close-friendly-glasses/|How To Choose A Reduced Glasses Prescription (Differential / Close-Up Friendly Glasses)}}</ref>

==Low Myopia==
People with myopia of -2 D and lower do not typically need to wear differentials (because with -2 D your distance till blur should be around 50cm - far enough to see your screen with sufficient clarity).

==First Differentials==
The first differentials are typically 1.5D weaker than your [[Measurement]] for full distance vision. If you have -0.25 to -0.75D of cylinder, you have the option of dropping that and having the sphere only 1.25D weaker.

See [[Lens#How to use Contacts with EM|How to use Contacts with EM]] if you wear contacts.

==Adjusting Differentials==
Ideally your differentials give you a small amount of blur at your daily near work. The nature of your work, the distance to your work, and your [[refractive state]] and [[cylinder]] dependance are all factors in choosing your differentials. You may get your first differentials and discover you have a headache and you really shouldn't have dropped cylinder. You may find that your work is pretty close or really far and you need to adjust the strength up or down. You may find that you really need detailed vision to do your work and you'll settle for slowing progression with your differentials and do your blur challenge for improvement in your off hours. This is the first place in the program where you really need to start understanding what you're tinkering with and make personalized diopter specific choices.

==Why are differentials worn?==
The primary stimulus for [[axial elongation]] of the eyeball is [[hyperopic defocus]], which occurs when someone:
* Is engaged in close-up activity
* Wears more correction than they need to when seeing the object that is close up.

Differentials allow the wearer to wear ''just what they need to'', to see up close. This removes the stimulus of hyperopic defocus, and stops eyes from getting more myopic. In a sense, it's a [[quick fix]]. {{wink}}

It's fairly easy to stop [[Lens-induced myopia]] from progressing, by just wearing differentials. The axial length of the eye does not randomly change by itself, it only changes in response to [[stimulus]].

== See also ==
* [[Guide:Reducing differentials]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Articles]]

Differentials

2020-09-06T03:29:47Z

Dlskidmore: more howto

[[File:Microsoft Cloud Event Dublin, upclose with graphs.jpg|thumb|Without ''diffs'', you're on the path to ever increasing prescriptions and will get nowhere with vision improvement :(]]
'''Differentials''' are reduced strength glasses for [[close-up|close up activity]]. They have a lower correction than your [[normalized]] lenses that allows you to see clearly only up to the screen. The difference between [[normalized]] and differential lenses is usually between 1 and 2 [[diopters]].<ref>{{cite jake|https://endmyopia.org/faq-items/what-is-the-differential-prescription/|What is the differential prescription?}}</ref><ref name=ChooseReduction>{{cite jake|https://endmyopia.org/choose-reduced-glasses-prescription-differential-close-friendly-glasses/|How To Choose A Reduced Glasses Prescription (Differential / Close-Up Friendly Glasses)}}</ref>

==Low Myopia==
People with myopia of -2 D and lower do not typically need to wear differentials (because with -2 D your distance till blur should be around 50cm - far enough to see your screen with sufficient clarity).

==First Differentials==
The first differentials are typically 1.5D weaker than your [[Measurement]] for full distance vision. If you have -0.25 to -0.75D of cylinder, you have the option of dropping that and having the sphere only 1.25D weaker.

See [[Lens#How to use Contacts with EM|How to use Contacts with EM]] if you wear contacts.

==Why are differentials worn?==
The primary stimulus for [[axial elongation]] of the eyeball is [[hyperopic defocus]], which occurs when someone:
* Is engaged in close-up activity
* Wears more correction than they need to when seeing the object that is close up.

Differentials allow the wearer to wear ''just what they need to'', to see up close. This removes the stimulus of hyperopic defocus, and stops eyes from getting more myopic. In a sense, it's a [[quick fix]]. {{wink}}

It's fairly easy to stop myopia from progressing, by just wearing differentials. The axial length of the eye does not randomly change by itself, it only changes in response to [[stimulus]].

== See also ==
* [[Guide:Reducing differentials]]
* [[Lens-induced myopia]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Articles]]

Lens

2020-09-06T03:26:36Z

Dlskidmore: /* Contacts */ Expanded Howto

A lens is any medium that transmits light and has an [[Index of Refraction]] and shape designed to bend light. The strength of lenses are measured in [[diopters]]. Lenses come in many forms but there's a few critical ones that relate to EM.

==Crystalline Lens==
This is the lens inside your [[eyeballs]]. It is not actually the strongest part of your internal [[refractive state]] but it is the part that is quickly adjustable. The [[ciliary muscle]] can flex this lens and change it's power. The ability to change the power of this lens to focus on near work is called [[accommodation]]. As you age, the crystalline lens thickens and is prone to [[presbyopia]] and [[cataracts]].

==Worn Correction==
If the [[refractive state]] of your eye causes [[myopia]] or [[hyperopia]] then you probably wear contacts or glasses. This "corrects" the light coming into your eye to compensate for the refractive state in your eye.

=== Glasses ===
Glasses are lenses worn in front of the face, typically at a [[vertex distance]] of 10 to 13 cm. Glasses are easily changed and have lower risks than contact lenses, but at higher powers may have some trade-offs.

==== Distortion Effects ====
Glasses are only perfectly tuned through their optical centers. If your [[Pupillary Distance]], Pupillary height, or lens adjustment are off, you might not be looking through the optical center of the lens, and you are certainly not looking through the optical center when you look around instead of straight ahead. The power of the lens will vary, and unintentional cylinder can be introduced. You may also not be wearing the lens at the intended vertex distance, affecting the effective power of the lens. The stronger the lens the more of a difference this makes.

=== Contacts ===
Contact lenses are in physical contact with your eye, and have a vertex distance of 0. They carry high risks of infection, [[dry eye]] and other eye injuries, and require extensive care, and are hard to swap out multiple times a day, but have fewer distortion effects than glasses at higher powers.
====How to use Contacts with EM====
Choose a power for your contacts to match, your prescription, [[normalized]], or [[differentials]], and then use glasses over the contacts to get to the other focal planes you need. This ruins the cosmetic benefits of wearing contacts, but may make the process easier for people with strong lenses or who need to not wear glasses for sports or other reasons.

* Since it's easiest to get contacts at full prescription, and many people want contacts for outdoor activity, most people use prescription contacts and [[plus lenses]] over. This may put you in the range to use cheap drug store readers, but it's better to get good ones from a custom [[lens seller]].
* The next most common strategy is to use differential contacts with [[minus lenses]] over for [[normalized]]. This has the advantage of less total lens over the eye, and a thinner contact may be more comfortable and allow more oxygen through to the surface of the eye. (And in specific cases may affect the cost of contact lenses, when stepping down from the extended range brand to the normal range brand in the same material/design.) This has the disadvantage of requiring glasses for outdoor activity.

==See Also==
* [[lens selections]]

[[Category:Articles]]

Guide:Start your improvement here

2020-09-06T02:54:52Z

Dlskidmore: remove advanced topics. advanced topics are explicitly not for beginners.

[[File:EMBoxLogoTransparent.png|right|200px]]
'''Welcome to EndMyopia''', the prime place on the internet for regaining your own natural eyesight and reversing your [[myopia]].

'''EndMyopia isn't a simple program of steps. This page is just the entrance to the rabbit hole.''' Nobody here can tell you how well your eyes will react to a specific change, or what glasses are right for your eyes and your vision habits and your work requirements, we can just give you the tools to understand your own eyesight, what causes myopia progression and how to stop and reverse it.

==The Beginning Steps - Stop Myopia Progression==
# Measure your eyes. - You can start with a professional refraction, but you should also learn to measure your own vision at home.
#* If your refraction is better than -10, the [[Measurement#cm_Measurement|cm measurement]] is easy to do and compare values. The cm measurement measures your myopia.
#* The [[Snellen chart]] measures all the combined factors of [[Visual acuity]] and is necessary for checking if your vision meets the legal requirements in your jurisdiction for driving.
#* Measuring your myopia and visual acuity regularly will tell you when the steps you are taking are working.
# Take Breaks from near work (Follow the [[20-20-20 rule]] for starters)
# Don't wear glasses for near work if you don't need them. <ref>[https://endmyopia.org/day-57-myopia-progression-the-one-thing-you-have-to-stop-doing Myopia Progression: The One Thing You Have To Stop Doing]</ref>
# Get separate glasses for near work if you do need them. We call these [[Differentials]] if your doctor is willing to prescribe them, he may call them computer glasses or reading glasses. <ref>[https://endmyopia.org/day-67-differential-glasses-for-close-up-use Differential Glasses for CLOSE-UP Use]</ref>
# Give this a few weeks, you may be able to release [[Pseudomyopia]] with these steps alone, which will change your eye measurement that you will base your next pairs of glasses on.

==Time to Learn==
[[File:Cute cat with glasses and tie reading laptop.gif|right]]
Experience has shown many times that without adequate knowledge of the process, people are really unlikely to make any improvements in their eyesight. There is always more to learn about vision improvement, and you should not be afraid to spend significant amounts of time reading the resources already available to you. Arm yourself with knowledge to deal with any bumps in the road that come your way. The community won't answer your medical questions or diopter specific questions, take medical questions to your doctor, and do your own work to understand your specific diopter needs.
# Get the [[seven day free email guide]] - This is a must, if you ask a question in the community that's answered in this guide, your thread will quite possibly be closed by a moderator.
# Consult the [https://endmyopia.org/faqs/ Blog Frequently Asked Questions] and [[Frequently Asked Questions| Wiki Frequently Asked Questions]]
# Read the [{{em}} the blog]
## Hover over (with your mouse) “Blog and How-to’s” and check the “Eyesight How-To’s” and any other sections relevant to you.
## Search the blog. Do you know how to search the [https://endmyopia.org/ blog]? Hit the 🔍️ in the upper right corner and fill in the relevant search item there.
# Watch [[EndMyopia YouTube Channel]]
# Watch [[List:Community YouTubers]]
# Use the Wiki as a reference when you need an overview of a new topic.
# Read the [[Guide:How to ask for support]] then join the [[Community]].

==Future Steps - Reverse Your Myopia ==

# Get slightly reduced glasses for other times when you don't need perfect vision. We call these [[Normalized]]. They give a slight blur challenge at a distance. Because glasses are generally rounded off to the nearest quarter diopter, full strength lenses are likely to be slightly over prescribed even if your [[optometrist]] follows the best practices and procedures of his profession. A quarter diopter low would put your distance to blur at 4m, or about 13 feet, and allow your [[Ciliary muscle]] to relax when viewing at that distance and beyond. <ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LI9JphYXQ6A 20/50 Rule For Improving Eyesight]</ref>
# Find Active Focus, a way of getting your eyes to see slightly further than their normal distance to blur. [[Guide:How_to_find_Active_Focus|Guide: How to find Active Focus]] <ref>[https://endmyopia.org/active-focus-links/ There is a category of blog posts about Active Focus here.]</ref>
# When you're ready, do your first [[Reduction]]<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzrQb4pCFkQ Reduce Normalized Diopters]</ref>

==Keep Learning==
This page is just the entrance to the rabbit hole. Keep referring to the learning resources above even after you've made your first successful reductions.

You are likely to make mistakes along this journey: there is trial and error as you perfect the approach taken to improving vision. If at any time you have discomfort or disfunction in your new glasses, step back to the previous pair you were comfortable in. The basic ideas are really simple to understand, but there is a lot of nuance in how to apply them, and this can take time to understand fully.

==See also==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xU6mJr16huk Video Version of Getting Started]
* [https://endmyopia.org/how-to-eyesight-improve-five-steps/ How To Improve Your Eyesight: Just 5 Steps]

[[Category:Guides]]

Guide:Start your improvement here

2020-09-06T02:52:30Z

Dlskidmore: /* Future Steps - Reverse Your Myopia */ doctor terminology not internationally understood

[[File:EMBoxLogoTransparent.png|right|200px]]
'''Welcome to EndMyopia''', the prime place on the internet for regaining your own natural eyesight and reversing your [[myopia]].

'''EndMyopia isn't a simple program of steps. This page is just the entrance to the rabbit hole.''' Nobody here can tell you how well your eyes will react to a specific change, or what glasses are right for your eyes and your vision habits and your work requirements, we can just give you the tools to understand your own eyesight, what causes myopia progression and how to stop and reverse it.

==The Beginning Steps - Stop Myopia Progression==
# Measure your eyes. - You can start with a professional refraction, but you should also learn to measure your own vision at home.
#* If your refraction is better than -10, the [[Measurement#cm_Measurement|cm measurement]] is easy to do and compare values. The cm measurement measures your myopia.
#* The [[Snellen chart]] measures all the combined factors of [[Visual acuity]] and is necessary for checking if your vision meets the legal requirements in your jurisdiction for driving.
#* Measuring your myopia and visual acuity regularly will tell you when the steps you are taking are working.
# Take Breaks from near work (Follow the [[20-20-20 rule]] for starters)
# Don't wear glasses for near work if you don't need them. <ref>[https://endmyopia.org/day-57-myopia-progression-the-one-thing-you-have-to-stop-doing Myopia Progression: The One Thing You Have To Stop Doing]</ref>
# Get separate glasses for near work if you do need them. We call these [[Differentials]] if your doctor is willing to prescribe them, he may call them computer glasses or reading glasses. <ref>[https://endmyopia.org/day-67-differential-glasses-for-close-up-use Differential Glasses for CLOSE-UP Use]</ref>
# Give this a few weeks, you may be able to release [[Pseudomyopia]] with these steps alone, which will change your eye measurement that you will base your next pairs of glasses on.

==Time to Learn==
[[File:Cute cat with glasses and tie reading laptop.gif|right]]
Experience has shown many times that without adequate knowledge of the process, people are really unlikely to make any improvements in their eyesight. There is always more to learn about vision improvement, and you should not be afraid to spend significant amounts of time reading the resources already available to you. Arm yourself with knowledge to deal with any bumps in the road that come your way. The community won't answer your medical questions or diopter specific questions, take medical questions to your doctor, and do your own work to understand your specific diopter needs.
# Get the [[seven day free email guide]] - This is a must, if you ask a question in the community that's answered in this guide, your thread will quite possibly be closed by a moderator.
# Consult the [https://endmyopia.org/faqs/ Blog Frequently Asked Questions] and [[Frequently Asked Questions| Wiki Frequently Asked Questions]]
# Read the [{{em}} the blog]
## Hover over (with your mouse) “Blog and How-to’s” and check the “Eyesight How-To’s” and any other sections relevant to you.
## Search the blog. Do you know how to search the [https://endmyopia.org/ blog]? Hit the 🔍️ in the upper right corner and fill in the relevant search item there.
# Watch [[EndMyopia YouTube Channel]]
# Watch [[List:Community YouTubers]]
# Use the Wiki as a reference when you need an overview of a new topic.
# Read the [[Guide:How to ask for support]] then join the [[Community]].

==Future Steps - Reverse Your Myopia ==

# Get slightly reduced glasses for other times when you don't need perfect vision. We call these [[Normalized]]. They give a slight blur challenge at a distance. Because glasses are generally rounded off to the nearest quarter diopter, full strength lenses are likely to be slightly over prescribed even if your [[optometrist]] follows the best practices and procedures of his profession. A quarter diopter low would put your distance to blur at 4m, or about 13 feet, and allow your [[Ciliary muscle]] to relax when viewing at that distance and beyond. <ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LI9JphYXQ6A 20/50 Rule For Improving Eyesight]</ref>
# Find Active Focus, a way of getting your eyes to see slightly further than their normal distance to blur. [[Guide:How_to_find_Active_Focus|Guide: How to find Active Focus]] <ref>[https://endmyopia.org/active-focus-links/ There is a category of blog posts about Active Focus here.]</ref>
# When you're ready, do your first [[Reduction]]<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzrQb4pCFkQ Reduce Normalized Diopters]</ref>

==Advanced Topics==
* For [[astigmatism]]: “(reducing) prescription complexity”, “Astigmatism”, “Cylinder”, “diopter ratio”,
* Do you have one “weaker/stronger” eye? Search for: “(reducing) prescription complexity”, “dominant eye” and “diopter ratio”.
* [https://endmyopia.org/low-myopia/ Blog posts about dealing with low myopia]

==Keep Learning==
This page is just the entrance to the rabbit hole. Keep referring to the learning resources above even after you've made your first successful reductions.

You are likely to make mistakes along this journey: there is trial and error as you perfect the approach taken to improving vision. If at any time you have discomfort or disfunction in your new glasses, step back to the previous pair you were comfortable in. The basic ideas are really simple to understand, but there is a lot of nuance in how to apply them, and this can take time to understand fully.

==See also==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xU6mJr16huk Video Version of Getting Started]
* [https://endmyopia.org/how-to-eyesight-improve-five-steps/ How To Improve Your Eyesight: Just 5 Steps]

[[Category:Guides]]

Pseudomyopia

2020-09-06T02:00:55Z

Dlskidmore: /* See also */

'''Pseudomyopia''' is a temporary shift towards near-sightness and occurs when the [[ciliary muscle]] inside of your eye temporarily locks up due to extended periods of closeup focus, resulting in [[blur]]red distance vision. This is usually the condition people get before they go to the optometrist, and then go onto to develop [[lens-induced myopia]]. If the ciliary muscle spasm is not relieved, then that muscle spasm's degree can worsen over time. Now, it will take longer to fully relax that muscle. Proper [[eye strain]] management and [[active focus]] habits will help to tackle this.

The [[20-20-20 rule]] is useful to avoid a lock up of the ciliary muscle.
==Videos==
{{#ev:youtube|eW4GlNrzZmw}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== See also ==
* [[20-20-20 rule]]
* [[Low myopia]]
* [[Strain Awareness]]

[[Category:Articles]]
[[Category:Eye conditions]]

Strain Awareness

2020-09-06T02:00:27Z

Dlskidmore: new page

Strain awareness is when you have released [[Pseudomyopia]] and notice when your eyes are now doing too much work to see at near. Strain awareness and [[cm measurement]]s are important in customizing your habits to improve your vision.<ref>[https://endmyopia.org/the-reality-of-ciliary-spasm-necessary-focus-breaks/ The Reality Of Ciliary Spasm & Necessary Focus Breaks]</ref><ref>[https://endmyopia.org/close-up-strain-awareness-game-changer/ Close-Up Strain Awareness: Game Changer!]</ref><ref>[https://endmyopia.org/breaks-are-key-to-build-eye-strain-awareness/ Eye Strain Awareness: Prevent Pseudo Myopia]</ref><ref>[https://endmyopia.org/from-the-course-another-way-to-gauge-close-up-strain/ From The Course: Another Way To Gauge Close-Up Strain]</ref><ref>[https://endmyopia.org/taking-breaks-for-happy-eyes-20-min-45-min-3-hours/ Taking Breaks For Happy Eyes: 20 Min, 45 Min, 3 Hours]</ref>

20-20-20 rule

2020-09-06T01:51:14Z

Dlskidmore: Expanded break time recommendations from EM

<big>
* Every 20 minutes
* Look at something 20 feet away (6 meters)
* For at least 20 Seconds</big>

The 20-20-20 rule is designed to be an easy to remember caution about doing too much [[near work]] and to give your eyes a break from [[eye strain]] regularly. This rule is supported by conventional optometry<ref name="American Optometric Association 20-20-20 rule poster">{{Cite web |title=American Optometric Association 20-20-20 rule poster |date=2020-05-30 |website=American Optometric Association |url=https://www.aoa.org/documents/infographics/SYVM2016Infographics.pdf |access-date=2020-05-30}}</ref><ref name="Medical News Today: Does the 20-20-20 rule prevent eye strain?">{{Cite web |title=20-20-20 rule: How to prevent eye strain |url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321536 |last=Nall |first=Rachel |date=2020-05-30 |website=www.medicalnewstoday.com |language=en |access-date=2020-05-30}}</ref> and is a start towards the EM method.

In some countries, this may be known as the 10-10-10 rule which is similar, but goes as follows:

<big>
* Every 10 minutes
* Look at something 10 meters away
* For at least 10 seconds
</big>

Endmyopia recommends even more breaks.
<big>
* Every 20 minutes, take a 5 minute break.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eye Strain Awareness: Prevent Pseudo Myopia - Endmyopia |url=https://endmyopia.org/breaks-are-key-to-build-eye-strain-awareness/ |last=Steiner |first=Jake |website=endmyopia.org |access-date=2020-06-01}}</ref>

* Every 3 hours, take the longest break you can (half hour to hour) <ref>[https://endmyopia.org/how-to-improve-eyesight-five-steps/ How To Improve Your Eyesight: Just 5 Steps]</ref>
* Take your break outside. <ref>[https://endmyopia.org/must-read-going-outside-to-improve-your-eyesight/ Must Read: Going Outside To Improve Your Eyesight]</ref>
* As you develop [[Strain Awareness]] you can customize your break schedule to your needs.

[[Category:Articles]]

Snellen chart

2020-09-06T00:38:51Z

Dlskidmore: /* How to use a Snellen Chart to measure visual acuity */ more precise language

{{Infobox diagnostic
| name = Snellen chart
| image = [[File:Snellen chart.svg|300px]]
| alt =
| caption =
| pronounce =
| purpose = Snellen chart is used to estimate visual acuity
| test of =
| based on =
| synonyms =
| reference_range =
| calculator =
| DiseasesDB = 
| ICD10 = 
| ICD9 =
| ICDO =
| MedlinePlus = 
| eMedicine = 
| MeshID =
| OPS301 = 
| LOINC = 
}}
A '''Snellen chart''' is a standard method of measuring [[visual acuity]]. A chart is rated for the distance it should be viewed at, and the lowest line that can be read has a visual acuity result number next to it. The standard distance for Snellen charts is 20 feet or 6 meters. Smaller versions are available for use in smaller indoor spaces. Generally, most myopes can be corrected to the [[20/20]] line unless they have visual acuity problems other than myopia. There is no direct correlation between visual acuity and [[myopia]]. The Snellen chart is the most commonly used way of testing if someone has sufficient corrected visual acuity to drive legally. Your [[optometrist]] will use the Snellen chart as a reference, to see what refraction will allow you to read the lowest on the chart.
{{clear}}
==Definition of the numbers==

The acuity is expressed as the ratio of the distance (usually 20ft or 6m but can be less) to the letter size, expressed as the distance at which the letter subtends an angle of 5 arc-minutes. (Or equivalently, as multiples of the height at which the letter subtends 5 arc-minutes at a distance of 1 unit of distance). 5 arc-minutes just means 5/60 of a degree. So
* 20/20 means 5 arc-minutes at 20 feet
* 20/16 means 4 arc-minutes at 20 feet
* 6/12 means 10 arc-minutes at 6m

The critical gaps that need to be resolved are 1 arc-minute, so that's really what defines the required acuity.

==How to use a Snellen Chart to measure visual acuity==
# Read the documentation that came with your chart to determine what distance it is designed to be viewed at. This is usually 10 feet, 20 feet, 3 m or 6m. It may say right on the chart, on the back, or in the description of the product where you got it.
# Post the chart at eye level
# Make a mark on the floor at the distance the chart is rated for.
# Stand so that your face is above that line.
# Read the lowest line you can see clearly.
# Attempt to read the next line down.
# Have an assistant tell you if you got the letters right or move forward to check. If you got more than half of the letters right on that line, then the ratio marked for that line is your visual acuity.

==How to use a Snellen Chart with refraction==
{{main|Trial lens kit}}

==Tools==
*[https://www.provisu.ch/images/PDF/Snellenchart_en.pdf Printable Snellen]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Articles]]

Snellen chart

2020-09-06T00:36:26Z

Dlskidmore: clarified wording about the refraction process

{{Infobox diagnostic
| name = Snellen chart
| image = [[File:Snellen chart.svg|300px]]
| alt =
| caption =
| pronounce =
| purpose = Snellen chart is used to estimate visual acuity
| test of =
| based on =
| synonyms =
| reference_range =
| calculator =
| DiseasesDB = 
| ICD10 = 
| ICD9 =
| ICDO =
| MedlinePlus = 
| eMedicine = 
| MeshID =
| OPS301 = 
| LOINC = 
}}
A '''Snellen chart''' is a standard method of measuring [[visual acuity]]. A chart is rated for the distance it should be viewed at, and the lowest line that can be read has a visual acuity result number next to it. The standard distance for Snellen charts is 20 feet or 6 meters. Smaller versions are available for use in smaller indoor spaces. Generally, most myopes can be corrected to the [[20/20]] line unless they have visual acuity problems other than myopia. There is no direct correlation between visual acuity and [[myopia]]. The Snellen chart is the most commonly used way of testing if someone has sufficient corrected visual acuity to drive legally. Your [[optometrist]] will use the Snellen chart as a reference, to see what refraction will allow you to read the lowest on the chart.
{{clear}}
==Definition of the numbers==

The acuity is expressed as the ratio of the distance (usually 20ft or 6m but can be less) to the letter size, expressed as the distance at which the letter subtends an angle of 5 arc-minutes. (Or equivalently, as multiples of the height at which the letter subtends 5 arc-minutes at a distance of 1 unit of distance). 5 arc-minutes just means 5/60 of a degree. So
* 20/20 means 5 arc-minutes at 20 feet
* 20/16 means 4 arc-minutes at 20 feet
* 6/12 means 10 arc-minutes at 6m

The critical gaps that need to be resolved are 1 arc-minute, so that's really what defines the required acuity.

==How to use a Snellen Chart to measure visual acuity==
# Read the documentation that came with your chart to determine what distance it is designed to be viewed at. This is usually 10 feet, 20 feet, 3 m or 6m. It may say right on the chart, on the back, or in the description of the product where you got it.
# Post the chart at eye level
# Make a mark on the floor at the distance the chart is rated for.
# Stand so that your face is above that line.
# Read the lowest line you can see clearly.
# Attempt to read the next line down.
# Have an assistant tell you if you got the letters right or move forward to check. If you got most of the letters right on that line, then the ratio marked for that line is your visual acuity.

==How to use a Snellen Chart with refraction==
{{main|Trial lens kit}}

==Tools==
*[https://www.provisu.ch/images/PDF/Snellenchart_en.pdf Printable Snellen]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Articles]]

Measurement

2020-09-06T00:18:30Z

Dlskidmore: /* cm Measurement */ make everything into steps!

== cm Measurement ==
The cm measurement uses a basic optics formula to calculate the diopters of correction you need to see clearly long distance.
# Hold a ruler up to your eye, and measure how far away you can still read text without [[blur]] in centimeters. This is your "cm measurement".
#* The ideal precise measurement is from the surface of your eyeball, but this is obviously not safe, so measure from some facial structure near your eye.
#* Consistency is more important than accuracy, you want to be able to track your small changes over the course of a day, and larger changes over time.
# Calculate diopters from the measurement: [[Diopters]] = -100cm/cm measurement.
# If your result is stronger than -4D, and you wear glasses, you'll need to correct for [[vertex distance]] to convert this from contacts diopters to glasses diopters.
# If your result is stronger than -10, you'll likely have problems getting consistent readings.

== Trial Refraction ==
If your vision is worse than -10D, you may need a [[trial lens kit]] to measure your own myopia, or you may just stick to professional [[optometrist]] exams.

<youtube>n2ku6gJ3z7E</youtube>

== Tools ==
* [[EndMyopia Diopter Calculator]]
** [https://endmyopia.org/another-diy-diopter-measuring-tool/ Making the physical measurement easier]
*[[Varakari's Vision Log Tool]]
* [https://endmyopia.org/focal-calculator/calc.html EndMyopia cm calculator]
* [https://endmyopia.org/measure/ Measurement]
* [https://testflight.apple.com/join/wuAvRvdL The iOS Sight Meter App]
* [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.endmyopia.calc The Android Diopter Calculator]

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Articles]]

Guide:Start your improvement here

2020-09-06T00:09:18Z

Dlskidmore: /* The Beginning Steps - Stop Myopia Progression */ More Bullets! Break it down into steps!

[[File:EMBoxLogoTransparent.png|right|200px]]
'''Welcome to EndMyopia''', the prime place on the internet for regaining your own natural eyesight and reversing your [[myopia]].

'''EndMyopia isn't a simple program of steps. This page is just the entrance to the rabbit hole.''' Nobody here can tell you how well your eyes will react to a specific change, or what glasses are right for your eyes and your vision habits and your work requirements, we can just give you the tools to understand your own eyesight, what causes myopia progression and how to stop and reverse it.

==The Beginning Steps - Stop Myopia Progression==
# Measure your eyes. - You can start with a professional refraction, but you should also learn to measure your own vision at home.
#* If your refraction is better than -10, the [[Measurement#cm_Measurement|cm measurement]] is easy to do and compare values. The cm measurement measures your myopia.
#* The [[Snellen chart]] measures all the combined factors of [[Visual acuity]] and is necessary for checking if your vision meets the legal requirements in your jurisdiction for driving.
#* Measuring your myopia and visual acuity regularly will tell you when the steps you are taking are working.
# Take Breaks from near work (Follow the [[20-20-20 rule]] for starters)
# Don't wear glasses for near work if you don't need them. <ref>[https://endmyopia.org/day-57-myopia-progression-the-one-thing-you-have-to-stop-doing Myopia Progression: The One Thing You Have To Stop Doing]</ref>
# Get separate glasses for near work if you do need them. We call these [[Differentials]] if your doctor is willing to prescribe them, he may call them computer glasses or reading glasses. <ref>[https://endmyopia.org/day-67-differential-glasses-for-close-up-use Differential Glasses for CLOSE-UP Use]</ref>
# Give this a few weeks, you may be able to release [[Pseudomyopia]] with these steps alone, which will change your eye measurement that you will base your next pairs of glasses on.

==Time to Learn==
[[File:Cute cat with glasses and tie reading laptop.gif|right]]
Experience has shown many times that without adequate knowledge of the process, people are really unlikely to make any improvements in their eyesight. There is always more to learn about vision improvement, and you should not be afraid to spend significant amounts of time reading the resources already available to you. Arm yourself with knowledge to deal with any bumps in the road that come your way. The community won't answer your medical questions or diopter specific questions, take medical questions to your doctor, and do your own work to understand your specific diopter needs.
# Get the [[seven day free email guide]] - This is a must, if you ask a question in the community that's answered in this guide, your thread will quite possibly be closed by a moderator.
# Consult the [https://endmyopia.org/faqs/ Blog Frequently Asked Questions] and [[Frequently Asked Questions| Wiki Frequently Asked Questions]]
# Read the [{{em}} the blog]
## Hover over (with your mouse) “Blog and How-to’s” and check the “Eyesight How-To’s” and any other sections relevant to you.
## Search the blog. Do you know how to search the [https://endmyopia.org/ blog]? Hit the 🔍️ in the upper right corner and fill in the relevant search item there.
# Watch [[EndMyopia YouTube Channel]]
# Watch [[List:Community YouTubers]]
# Use the Wiki as a reference when you need an overview of a new topic.
# Read the [[Guide:How to ask for support]] then join the [[Community]].

==Future Steps - Reverse Your Myopia ==

# Get slightly reduced glasses for other times when you don't need perfect vision. We call these [[Normalized]]. They give a slight blur challenge at a distance. Because glasses are generally rounded off to the nearest quarter diopter, full strength lenses are likely to be slightly over prescribed even if your doctor follows the best practices and procedures of his profession. A quarter diopter low would put your distance to blur at 4m, or about 13 feet, and allow your [[Ciliary muscle]] to relax when viewing at that distance and beyond. <ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LI9JphYXQ6A 20/50 Rule For Improving Eyesight]</ref>
# Find Active Focus, a way of getting your eyes to see slightly further than their normal distance to blur. [[Guide:How_to_find_Active_Focus|Guide: How to find Active Focus]] <ref>[https://endmyopia.org/active-focus-links/ There is a category of blog posts about Active Focus here.]</ref>
# When you're ready, do your first [[Reduction]]<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzrQb4pCFkQ Reduce Normalized Diopters]</ref>

==Advanced Topics==
* For [[astigmatism]]: “(reducing) prescription complexity”, “Astigmatism”, “Cylinder”, “diopter ratio”,
* Do you have one “weaker/stronger” eye? Search for: “(reducing) prescription complexity”, “dominant eye” and “diopter ratio”.
* [https://endmyopia.org/low-myopia/ Blog posts about dealing with low myopia]

==Keep Learning==
This page is just the entrance to the rabbit hole. Keep referring to the learning resources above even after you've made your first successful reductions.

You are likely to make mistakes along this journey: there is trial and error as you perfect the approach taken to improving vision. If at any time you have discomfort or disfunction in your new glasses, step back to the previous pair you were comfortable in. The basic ideas are really simple to understand, but there is a lot of nuance in how to apply them, and this can take time to understand fully.

==See also==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xU6mJr16huk Video Version of Getting Started]
* [https://endmyopia.org/how-to-eyesight-improve-five-steps/ How To Improve Your Eyesight: Just 5 Steps]

[[Category:Guides]]

Guide:Start your improvement here

2020-09-06T00:07:20Z

Dlskidmore: /* The Beginning Steps - Stop Myopia Progression */ syntax

[[File:EMBoxLogoTransparent.png|right|200px]]
'''Welcome to EndMyopia''', the prime place on the internet for regaining your own natural eyesight and reversing your [[myopia]].

'''EndMyopia isn't a simple program of steps. This page is just the entrance to the rabbit hole.''' Nobody here can tell you how well your eyes will react to a specific change, or what glasses are right for your eyes and your vision habits and your work requirements, we can just give you the tools to understand your own eyesight, what causes myopia progression and how to stop and reverse it.

==The Beginning Steps - Stop Myopia Progression==
# Measure your eyes. - You can start with a professional refraction, but you should also learn to measure your own vision at home. If your refraction is better than -10, the [[Measurement#cm_Measurement|cm measurement]] is easy to do and compare values. The cm measurement measures your myopia, the [[Snellen chart]] measures all the factors of [[Visual acuity]] and is necessary for checking if your vision meets the legal requirements in your jurisdiction for driving. Measuring your myopia and visual acuity regularly will tell you when the steps you are taking are working.
# Take Breaks from near work (Follow the [[20-20-20 rule]] for starters)
# Don't wear glasses for near work if you don't need them. <ref>[https://endmyopia.org/day-57-myopia-progression-the-one-thing-you-have-to-stop-doing Myopia Progression: The One Thing You Have To Stop Doing]</ref>
# Get separate glasses for near work if you do need them. We call these [[Differentials]] if your doctor is willing to prescribe them, he may call them computer glasses or reading glasses. <ref>[https://endmyopia.org/day-67-differential-glasses-for-close-up-use Differential Glasses for CLOSE-UP Use]</ref>
# Give this a few weeks, you may be able to release [[Pseudomyopia]] with these steps alone, which will change your eye measurement that you will base your next pairs of glasses on.

==Time to Learn==
[[File:Cute cat with glasses and tie reading laptop.gif|right]]
Experience has shown many times that without adequate knowledge of the process, people are really unlikely to make any improvements in their eyesight. There is always more to learn about vision improvement, and you should not be afraid to spend significant amounts of time reading the resources already available to you. Arm yourself with knowledge to deal with any bumps in the road that come your way. The community won't answer your medical questions or diopter specific questions, take medical questions to your doctor, and do your own work to understand your specific diopter needs.
# Get the [[seven day free email guide]] - This is a must, if you ask a question in the community that's answered in this guide, your thread will quite possibly be closed by a moderator.
# Consult the [https://endmyopia.org/faqs/ Blog Frequently Asked Questions] and [[Frequently Asked Questions| Wiki Frequently Asked Questions]]
# Read the [{{em}} the blog]
## Hover over (with your mouse) “Blog and How-to’s” and check the “Eyesight How-To’s” and any other sections relevant to you.
## Search the blog. Do you know how to search the [https://endmyopia.org/ blog]? Hit the 🔍️ in the upper right corner and fill in the relevant search item there.
# Watch [[EndMyopia YouTube Channel]]
# Watch [[List:Community YouTubers]]
# Use the Wiki as a reference when you need an overview of a new topic.
# Read the [[Guide:How to ask for support]] then join the [[Community]].

==Future Steps - Reverse Your Myopia ==

# Get slightly reduced glasses for other times when you don't need perfect vision. We call these [[Normalized]]. They give a slight blur challenge at a distance. Because glasses are generally rounded off to the nearest quarter diopter, full strength lenses are likely to be slightly over prescribed even if your doctor follows the best practices and procedures of his profession. A quarter diopter low would put your distance to blur at 4m, or about 13 feet, and allow your [[Ciliary muscle]] to relax when viewing at that distance and beyond. <ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LI9JphYXQ6A 20/50 Rule For Improving Eyesight]</ref>
# Find Active Focus, a way of getting your eyes to see slightly further than their normal distance to blur. [[Guide:How_to_find_Active_Focus|Guide: How to find Active Focus]] <ref>[https://endmyopia.org/active-focus-links/ There is a category of blog posts about Active Focus here.]</ref>
# When you're ready, do your first [[Reduction]]<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzrQb4pCFkQ Reduce Normalized Diopters]</ref>

==Advanced Topics==
* For [[astigmatism]]: “(reducing) prescription complexity”, “Astigmatism”, “Cylinder”, “diopter ratio”,
* Do you have one “weaker/stronger” eye? Search for: “(reducing) prescription complexity”, “dominant eye” and “diopter ratio”.
* [https://endmyopia.org/low-myopia/ Blog posts about dealing with low myopia]

==Keep Learning==
This page is just the entrance to the rabbit hole. Keep referring to the learning resources above even after you've made your first successful reductions.

You are likely to make mistakes along this journey: there is trial and error as you perfect the approach taken to improving vision. If at any time you have discomfort or disfunction in your new glasses, step back to the previous pair you were comfortable in. The basic ideas are really simple to understand, but there is a lot of nuance in how to apply them, and this can take time to understand fully.

==See also==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xU6mJr16huk Video Version of Getting Started]
* [https://endmyopia.org/how-to-eyesight-improve-five-steps/ How To Improve Your Eyesight: Just 5 Steps]

[[Category:Guides]]

Guide:Start your improvement here

2020-09-05T23:01:07Z

Dlskidmore: /* The Beginning Steps - Stop Myopia Progression */

[[File:EMBoxLogoTransparent.png|right|200px]]
'''Welcome to EndMyopia''', the prime place on the internet for regaining your own natural eyesight and reversing your [[myopia]].

'''EndMyopia isn't a simple program of steps. This page is just the entrance to the rabbit hole.''' Nobody here can tell you how well your eyes will react to a specific change, or what glasses are right for your eyes and your vision habits and your work requirements, we can just give you the tools to understand your own eyesight, what causes myopia progression and how to stop and reverse it.

==The Beginning Steps - Stop Myopia Progression==
# Measure your eyes. - You can start with a professional refraction, but you should also learn to measure your own vision at home. If your refraction is better than -10, the [[Measurement#cm_Measurement|cm Measurement]] is easy to do and compare values. The cm measurement measures your myopia, the [[Snellen chart]] measures all the factors of [[Visual acuity]] and is necessary for checking if your vision meets the legal requirements in your jurisdiction for driving. Measuring your myopia and visual acuity regularly will tell you when the steps you are taking are working.
# Take Breaks from near work (Follow the [[20-20-20 rule]] for starters)
# Don't wear glasses for near work if you don't need them. <ref>[https://endmyopia.org/day-57-myopia-progression-the-one-thing-you-have-to-stop-doing Myopia Progression: The One Thing You Have To Stop Doing]</ref>
# Get separate glasses for near work if you do need them. We call these [[Differentials]] if your doctor is willing to prescribe them, he may call them computer glasses or reading glasses. <ref>[https://endmyopia.org/day-67-differential-glasses-for-close-up-use Differential Glasses for CLOSE-UP Use]</ref>
# Give this a few weeks, you may be able to release [[Pseudomyopia]] with these steps alone, which will change your eye measurement that you will base your next pairs of glasses on.

==Time to Learn==
[[File:Cute cat with glasses and tie reading laptop.gif|right]]
Experience has shown many times that without adequate knowledge of the process, people are really unlikely to make any improvements in their eyesight. There is always more to learn about vision improvement, and you should not be afraid to spend significant amounts of time reading the resources already available to you. Arm yourself with knowledge to deal with any bumps in the road that come your way. The community won't answer your medical questions or diopter specific questions, take medical questions to your doctor, and do your own work to understand your specific diopter needs.
# Get the [[seven day free email guide]] - This is a must, if you ask a question in the community that's answered in this guide, your thread will quite possibly be closed by a moderator.
# Consult the [https://endmyopia.org/faqs/ Blog Frequently Asked Questions] and [[Frequently Asked Questions| Wiki Frequently Asked Questions]]
# Read the [{{em}} the blog]
## Hover over (with your mouse) “Blog and How-to’s” and check the “Eyesight How-To’s” and any other sections relevant to you.
## Search the blog. Do you know how to search the [https://endmyopia.org/ blog]? Hit the 🔍️ in the upper right corner and fill in the relevant search item there.
# Watch [[EndMyopia YouTube Channel]]
# Watch [[List:Community YouTubers]]
# Use the Wiki as a reference when you need an overview of a new topic.
# Read the [[Guide:How to ask for support]] then join the [[Community]].

==Future Steps - Reverse Your Myopia ==

# Get slightly reduced glasses for other times when you don't need perfect vision. We call these [[Normalized]]. They give a slight blur challenge at a distance. Because glasses are generally rounded off to the nearest quarter diopter, full strength lenses are likely to be slightly over prescribed even if your doctor follows the best practices and procedures of his profession. A quarter diopter low would put your distance to blur at 4m, or about 13 feet, and allow your [[Ciliary muscle]] to relax when viewing at that distance and beyond. <ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LI9JphYXQ6A 20/50 Rule For Improving Eyesight]</ref>
# Find Active Focus, a way of getting your eyes to see slightly further than their normal distance to blur. [[Guide:How_to_find_Active_Focus|Guide: How to find Active Focus]] <ref>[https://endmyopia.org/active-focus-links/ There is a category of blog posts about Active Focus here.]</ref>
# When you're ready, do your first [[Reduction]]<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzrQb4pCFkQ Reduce Normalized Diopters]</ref>

==Advanced Topics==
* For [[astigmatism]]: “(reducing) prescription complexity”, “Astigmatism”, “Cylinder”, “diopter ratio”,
* Do you have one “weaker/stronger” eye? Search for: “(reducing) prescription complexity”, “dominant eye” and “diopter ratio”.
* [https://endmyopia.org/low-myopia/ Blog posts about dealing with low myopia]

==Keep Learning==
This page is just the entrance to the rabbit hole. Keep referring to the learning resources above even after you've made your first successful reductions.

You are likely to make mistakes along this journey: there is trial and error as you perfect the approach taken to improving vision. If at any time you have discomfort or disfunction in your new glasses, step back to the previous pair you were comfortable in. The basic ideas are really simple to understand, but there is a lot of nuance in how to apply them, and this can take time to understand fully.

==See also==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xU6mJr16huk Video Version of Getting Started]
* [https://endmyopia.org/how-to-eyesight-improve-five-steps/ How To Improve Your Eyesight: Just 5 Steps]

[[Category:Guides]]

Guide:Start your improvement here

2020-09-05T22:57:13Z

Dlskidmore: /* See also */ Fix links

[[File:EMBoxLogoTransparent.png|right|200px]]
'''Welcome to EndMyopia''', the prime place on the internet for regaining your own natural eyesight and reversing your [[myopia]].

'''EndMyopia isn't a simple program of steps. This page is just the entrance to the rabbit hole.''' Nobody here can tell you how well your eyes will react to a specific change, or what glasses are right for your eyes and your vision habits and your work requirements, we can just give you the tools to understand your own eyesight, what causes myopia progression and how to stop and reverse it.

==The Beginning Steps - Stop Myopia Progression==
# Measure your eyes. - You can start with a professional refraction, but you should also learn to measure your own vision at home. If your refraction is better than -10, the [[Measurement#cm_Measurement|cm Measurement]] is easy to do and compare values. The cm measurement measures your myopia, the [[Snellen chart]] measures all the factors of [[Visual acuity]] and is necessary for checking if your vision meets the legal requirements in your jurisdiction for driving.
# Take Breaks from near work (Follow the [[20-20-20 rule]] for starters)
# Don't wear glasses for near work if you don't need them. <ref>[https://endmyopia.org/day-57-myopia-progression-the-one-thing-you-have-to-stop-doing Myopia Progression: The One Thing You Have To Stop Doing]</ref>
# Get separate glasses for near work if you do need them. We call these [[Differentials]] if your doctor is willing to prescribe them, he may call them computer glasses or reading glasses. <ref>[https://endmyopia.org/day-67-differential-glasses-for-close-up-use Differential Glasses for CLOSE-UP Use]</ref>

==Time to Learn==
[[File:Cute cat with glasses and tie reading laptop.gif|right]]
Experience has shown many times that without adequate knowledge of the process, people are really unlikely to make any improvements in their eyesight. There is always more to learn about vision improvement, and you should not be afraid to spend significant amounts of time reading the resources already available to you. Arm yourself with knowledge to deal with any bumps in the road that come your way. The community won't answer your medical questions or diopter specific questions, take medical questions to your doctor, and do your own work to understand your specific diopter needs.
# Get the [[seven day free email guide]] - This is a must, if you ask a question in the community that's answered in this guide, your thread will quite possibly be closed by a moderator.
# Consult the [https://endmyopia.org/faqs/ Blog Frequently Asked Questions] and [[Frequently Asked Questions| Wiki Frequently Asked Questions]]
# Read the [{{em}} the blog]
## Hover over (with your mouse) “Blog and How-to’s” and check the “Eyesight How-To’s” and any other sections relevant to you.
## Search the blog. Do you know how to search the [https://endmyopia.org/ blog]? Hit the 🔍️ in the upper right corner and fill in the relevant search item there.
# Watch [[EndMyopia YouTube Channel]]
# Watch [[List:Community YouTubers]]
# Use the Wiki as a reference when you need an overview of a new topic.
# Read the [[Guide:How to ask for support]] then join the [[Community]].

==Future Steps - Reverse Your Myopia ==

# Get slightly reduced glasses for other times when you don't need perfect vision. We call these [[Normalized]]. They give a slight blur challenge at a distance. Because glasses are generally rounded off to the nearest quarter diopter, full strength lenses are likely to be slightly over prescribed even if your doctor follows the best practices and procedures of his profession. A quarter diopter low would put your distance to blur at 4m, or about 13 feet, and allow your [[Ciliary muscle]] to relax when viewing at that distance and beyond. <ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LI9JphYXQ6A 20/50 Rule For Improving Eyesight]</ref>
# Find Active Focus, a way of getting your eyes to see slightly further than their normal distance to blur. [[Guide:How_to_find_Active_Focus|Guide: How to find Active Focus]] <ref>[https://endmyopia.org/active-focus-links/ There is a category of blog posts about Active Focus here.]</ref>
# When you're ready, do your first [[Reduction]]<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzrQb4pCFkQ Reduce Normalized Diopters]</ref>

==Advanced Topics==
* For [[astigmatism]]: “(reducing) prescription complexity”, “Astigmatism”, “Cylinder”, “diopter ratio”,
* Do you have one “weaker/stronger” eye? Search for: “(reducing) prescription complexity”, “dominant eye” and “diopter ratio”.
* [https://endmyopia.org/low-myopia/ Blog posts about dealing with low myopia]

==Keep Learning==
This page is just the entrance to the rabbit hole. Keep referring to the learning resources above even after you've made your first successful reductions.

You are likely to make mistakes along this journey: there is trial and error as you perfect the approach taken to improving vision. If at any time you have discomfort or disfunction in your new glasses, step back to the previous pair you were comfortable in. The basic ideas are really simple to understand, but there is a lot of nuance in how to apply them, and this can take time to understand fully.

==See also==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xU6mJr16huk Video Version of Getting Started]
* [https://endmyopia.org/how-to-eyesight-improve-five-steps/ How To Improve Your Eyesight: Just 5 Steps]

[[Category:Guides]]

Guide:Start your improvement here

2020-09-05T22:52:31Z

Dlskidmore: /* Future Steps */ expanded title

[[File:EMBoxLogoTransparent.png|right|200px]]
'''Welcome to EndMyopia''', the prime place on the internet for regaining your own natural eyesight and reversing your [[myopia]].

'''EndMyopia isn't a simple program of steps. This page is just the entrance to the rabbit hole.''' Nobody here can tell you how well your eyes will react to a specific change, or what glasses are right for your eyes and your vision habits and your work requirements, we can just give you the tools to understand your own eyesight, what causes myopia progression and how to stop and reverse it.

==The Beginning Steps - Stop Myopia Progression==
# Measure your eyes. - You can start with a professional refraction, but you should also learn to measure your own vision at home. If your refraction is better than -10, the [[Measurement#cm_Measurement|cm Measurement]] is easy to do and compare values. The cm measurement measures your myopia, the [[Snellen chart]] measures all the factors of [[Visual acuity]] and is necessary for checking if your vision meets the legal requirements in your jurisdiction for driving.
# Take Breaks from near work (Follow the [[20-20-20 rule]] for starters)
# Don't wear glasses for near work if you don't need them. <ref>[https://endmyopia.org/day-57-myopia-progression-the-one-thing-you-have-to-stop-doing Myopia Progression: The One Thing You Have To Stop Doing]</ref>
# Get separate glasses for near work if you do need them. We call these [[Differentials]] if your doctor is willing to prescribe them, he may call them computer glasses or reading glasses. <ref>[https://endmyopia.org/day-67-differential-glasses-for-close-up-use Differential Glasses for CLOSE-UP Use]</ref>

==Time to Learn==
[[File:Cute cat with glasses and tie reading laptop.gif|right]]
Experience has shown many times that without adequate knowledge of the process, people are really unlikely to make any improvements in their eyesight. There is always more to learn about vision improvement, and you should not be afraid to spend significant amounts of time reading the resources already available to you. Arm yourself with knowledge to deal with any bumps in the road that come your way. The community won't answer your medical questions or diopter specific questions, take medical questions to your doctor, and do your own work to understand your specific diopter needs.
# Get the [[seven day free email guide]] - This is a must, if you ask a question in the community that's answered in this guide, your thread will quite possibly be closed by a moderator.
# Consult the [https://endmyopia.org/faqs/ Blog Frequently Asked Questions] and [[Frequently Asked Questions| Wiki Frequently Asked Questions]]
# Read the [{{em}} the blog]
## Hover over (with your mouse) “Blog and How-to’s” and check the “Eyesight How-To’s” and any other sections relevant to you.
## Search the blog. Do you know how to search the [https://endmyopia.org/ blog]? Hit the 🔍️ in the upper right corner and fill in the relevant search item there.
# Watch [[EndMyopia YouTube Channel]]
# Watch [[List:Community YouTubers]]
# Use the Wiki as a reference when you need an overview of a new topic.
# Read the [[Guide:How to ask for support]] then join the [[Community]].

==Future Steps - Reverse Your Myopia ==

# Get slightly reduced glasses for other times when you don't need perfect vision. We call these [[Normalized]]. They give a slight blur challenge at a distance. Because glasses are generally rounded off to the nearest quarter diopter, full strength lenses are likely to be slightly over prescribed even if your doctor follows the best practices and procedures of his profession. A quarter diopter low would put your distance to blur at 4m, or about 13 feet, and allow your [[Ciliary muscle]] to relax when viewing at that distance and beyond. <ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LI9JphYXQ6A 20/50 Rule For Improving Eyesight]</ref>
# Find Active Focus, a way of getting your eyes to see slightly further than their normal distance to blur. [[Guide:How_to_find_Active_Focus|Guide: How to find Active Focus]] <ref>[https://endmyopia.org/active-focus-links/ There is a category of blog posts about Active Focus here.]</ref>
# When you're ready, do your first [[Reduction]]<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzrQb4pCFkQ Reduce Normalized Diopters]</ref>

==Advanced Topics==
* For [[astigmatism]]: “(reducing) prescription complexity”, “Astigmatism”, “Cylinder”, “diopter ratio”,
* Do you have one “weaker/stronger” eye? Search for: “(reducing) prescription complexity”, “dominant eye” and “diopter ratio”.
* [https://endmyopia.org/low-myopia/ Blog posts about dealing with low myopia]

==Keep Learning==
This page is just the entrance to the rabbit hole. Keep referring to the learning resources above even after you've made your first successful reductions.

You are likely to make mistakes along this journey: there is trial and error as you perfect the approach taken to improving vision. If at any time you have discomfort or disfunction in your new glasses, step back to the previous pair you were comfortable in. The basic ideas are really simple to understand, but there is a lot of nuance in how to apply them, and this can take time to understand fully.

==See also==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xU6mJr16huk|Video Version of Getting Started]
* [https://endmyopia.org/how-to-eyesight-improve-five-steps/|How To Improve Your Eyesight: Just 5 Steps]

[[Category:Guides]]

Guide:Start your improvement here

2020-09-05T22:51:37Z

Dlskidmore: Moved Cat up to first section about reading more

[[File:EMBoxLogoTransparent.png|right|200px]]
'''Welcome to EndMyopia''', the prime place on the internet for regaining your own natural eyesight and reversing your [[myopia]].

'''EndMyopia isn't a simple program of steps. This page is just the entrance to the rabbit hole.''' Nobody here can tell you how well your eyes will react to a specific change, or what glasses are right for your eyes and your vision habits and your work requirements, we can just give you the tools to understand your own eyesight, what causes myopia progression and how to stop and reverse it.

==The Beginning Steps - Stop Myopia Progression==
# Measure your eyes. - You can start with a professional refraction, but you should also learn to measure your own vision at home. If your refraction is better than -10, the [[Measurement#cm_Measurement|cm Measurement]] is easy to do and compare values. The cm measurement measures your myopia, the [[Snellen chart]] measures all the factors of [[Visual acuity]] and is necessary for checking if your vision meets the legal requirements in your jurisdiction for driving.
# Take Breaks from near work (Follow the [[20-20-20 rule]] for starters)
# Don't wear glasses for near work if you don't need them. <ref>[https://endmyopia.org/day-57-myopia-progression-the-one-thing-you-have-to-stop-doing Myopia Progression: The One Thing You Have To Stop Doing]</ref>
# Get separate glasses for near work if you do need them. We call these [[Differentials]] if your doctor is willing to prescribe them, he may call them computer glasses or reading glasses. <ref>[https://endmyopia.org/day-67-differential-glasses-for-close-up-use Differential Glasses for CLOSE-UP Use]</ref>

==Time to Learn==
[[File:Cute cat with glasses and tie reading laptop.gif|right]]
Experience has shown many times that without adequate knowledge of the process, people are really unlikely to make any improvements in their eyesight. There is always more to learn about vision improvement, and you should not be afraid to spend significant amounts of time reading the resources already available to you. Arm yourself with knowledge to deal with any bumps in the road that come your way. The community won't answer your medical questions or diopter specific questions, take medical questions to your doctor, and do your own work to understand your specific diopter needs.
# Get the [[seven day free email guide]] - This is a must, if you ask a question in the community that's answered in this guide, your thread will quite possibly be closed by a moderator.
# Consult the [https://endmyopia.org/faqs/ Blog Frequently Asked Questions] and [[Frequently Asked Questions| Wiki Frequently Asked Questions]]
# Read the [{{em}} the blog]
## Hover over (with your mouse) “Blog and How-to’s” and check the “Eyesight How-To’s” and any other sections relevant to you.
## Search the blog. Do you know how to search the [https://endmyopia.org/ blog]? Hit the 🔍️ in the upper right corner and fill in the relevant search item there.
# Watch [[EndMyopia YouTube Channel]]
# Watch [[List:Community YouTubers]]
# Use the Wiki as a reference when you need an overview of a new topic.
# Read the [[Guide:How to ask for support]] then join the [[Community]].

==Future Steps==

# Get slightly reduced glasses for other times when you don't need perfect vision. We call these [[Normalized]]. They give a slight blur challenge at a distance. Because glasses are generally rounded off to the nearest quarter diopter, full strength lenses are likely to be slightly over prescribed even if your doctor follows the best practices and procedures of his profession. A quarter diopter low would put your distance to blur at 4m, or about 13 feet, and allow your [[Ciliary muscle]] to relax when viewing at that distance and beyond. <ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LI9JphYXQ6A 20/50 Rule For Improving Eyesight]</ref>
# Find Active Focus, a way of getting your eyes to see slightly further than their normal distance to blur. [[Guide:How_to_find_Active_Focus|Guide: How to find Active Focus]] <ref>[https://endmyopia.org/active-focus-links/ There is a category of blog posts about Active Focus here.]</ref>
# When you're ready, do your first [[Reduction]]<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzrQb4pCFkQ Reduce Normalized Diopters]</ref>

==Advanced Topics==
* For [[astigmatism]]: “(reducing) prescription complexity”, “Astigmatism”, “Cylinder”, “diopter ratio”,
* Do you have one “weaker/stronger” eye? Search for: “(reducing) prescription complexity”, “dominant eye” and “diopter ratio”.
* [https://endmyopia.org/low-myopia/ Blog posts about dealing with low myopia]

==Keep Learning==
This page is just the entrance to the rabbit hole. Keep referring to the learning resources above even after you've made your first successful reductions.

You are likely to make mistakes along this journey: there is trial and error as you perfect the approach taken to improving vision. If at any time you have discomfort or disfunction in your new glasses, step back to the previous pair you were comfortable in. The basic ideas are really simple to understand, but there is a lot of nuance in how to apply them, and this can take time to understand fully.

==See also==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xU6mJr16huk|Video Version of Getting Started]
* [https://endmyopia.org/how-to-eyesight-improve-five-steps/|How To Improve Your Eyesight: Just 5 Steps]

[[Category:Guides]]

Guide:Start your improvement here

2020-09-05T22:50:08Z

Dlskidmore: /* Future Steps */ syntax

[[File:EMBoxLogoTransparent.png|right|200px]]
'''Welcome to EndMyopia''', the prime place on the internet for regaining your own natural eyesight and reversing your [[myopia]].

'''EndMyopia isn't a simple program of steps. This page is just the entrance to the rabbit hole.''' Nobody here can tell you how well your eyes will react to a specific change, or what glasses are right for your eyes and your vision habits and your work requirements, we can just give you the tools to understand your own eyesight, what causes myopia progression and how to stop and reverse it.

==The Beginning Steps - Stop Myopia Progression==
# Measure your eyes. - You can start with a professional refraction, but you should also learn to measure your own vision at home. If your refraction is better than -10, the [[Measurement#cm_Measurement|cm Measurement]] is easy to do and compare values. The cm measurement measures your myopia, the [[Snellen chart]] measures all the factors of [[Visual acuity]] and is necessary for checking if your vision meets the legal requirements in your jurisdiction for driving.
# Take Breaks from near work (Follow the [[20-20-20 rule]] for starters)
# Don't wear glasses for near work if you don't need them. <ref>[https://endmyopia.org/day-57-myopia-progression-the-one-thing-you-have-to-stop-doing Myopia Progression: The One Thing You Have To Stop Doing]</ref>
# Get separate glasses for near work if you do need them. We call these [[Differentials]] if your doctor is willing to prescribe them, he may call them computer glasses or reading glasses. <ref>[https://endmyopia.org/day-67-differential-glasses-for-close-up-use Differential Glasses for CLOSE-UP Use]</ref>

==Time to Learn==
Experience has shown many times that without adequate knowledge of the process, people are really unlikely to make any improvements in their eyesight. There is always more to learn about vision improvement, and you should not be afraid to spend significant amounts of time reading the resources already available to you. Arm yourself with knowledge to deal with any bumps in the road that come your way. The community won't answer your medical questions or diopter specific questions, take medical questions to your doctor, and do your own work to understand your specific diopter needs.
# Get the [[seven day free email guide]] - This is a must, if you ask a question in the community that's answered in this guide, your thread will quite possibly be closed by a moderator.
# Consult the [https://endmyopia.org/faqs/ Blog Frequently Asked Questions] and [[Frequently Asked Questions| Wiki Frequently Asked Questions]]
# Read the [{{em}} the blog]
## Hover over (with your mouse) “Blog and How-to’s” and check the “Eyesight How-To’s” and any other sections relevant to you.
## Search the blog. Do you know how to search the [https://endmyopia.org/ blog]? Hit the 🔍️ in the upper right corner and fill in the relevant search item there.
# Watch [[EndMyopia YouTube Channel]]
# Watch [[List:Community YouTubers]]
# Use the Wiki as a reference when you need an overview of a new topic.
# Read the [[Guide:How to ask for support]] then join the [[Community]].

==Future Steps==

# Get slightly reduced glasses for other times when you don't need perfect vision. We call these [[Normalized]]. They give a slight blur challenge at a distance. Because glasses are generally rounded off to the nearest quarter diopter, full strength lenses are likely to be slightly over prescribed even if your doctor follows the best practices and procedures of his profession. A quarter diopter low would put your distance to blur at 4m, or about 13 feet, and allow your [[Ciliary muscle]] to relax when viewing at that distance and beyond. <ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LI9JphYXQ6A 20/50 Rule For Improving Eyesight]</ref>
# Find Active Focus, a way of getting your eyes to see slightly further than their normal distance to blur. [[Guide:How_to_find_Active_Focus|Guide: How to find Active Focus]] <ref>[https://endmyopia.org/active-focus-links/ There is a category of blog posts about Active Focus here.]</ref>
# When you're ready, do your first [[Reduction]]<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzrQb4pCFkQ Reduce Normalized Diopters]</ref>

==Advanced Topics==
* For [[astigmatism]]: “(reducing) prescription complexity”, “Astigmatism”, “Cylinder”, “diopter ratio”,
* Do you have one “weaker/stronger” eye? Search for: “(reducing) prescription complexity”, “dominant eye” and “diopter ratio”.
* [https://endmyopia.org/low-myopia/ Blog posts about dealing with low myopia]

==Keep Learning==
[[File:Cute cat with glasses and tie reading laptop.gif|right]]

This page is just the entrance to the rabbit hole. Keep referring to the learning resources above even after you've made your first successful reductions.

You are likely to make mistakes along this journey: there is trial and error as you perfect the approach taken to improving vision. If at any time you have discomfort or disfunction in your new glasses, step back to the previous pair you were comfortable in. The basic ideas are really simple to understand, but there is a lot of nuance in how to apply them, and this can take time to understand fully.

==See also==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xU6mJr16huk|Video Version of Getting Started]
* [https://endmyopia.org/how-to-eyesight-improve-five-steps/|How To Improve Your Eyesight: Just 5 Steps]

[[Category:Guides]]

Guide:Start your improvement here

2020-09-05T22:10:02Z

Dlskidmore: Complete Overhaul

[[File:EMBoxLogoTransparent.png|right|200px]]
'''Welcome to EndMyopia''', the prime place on the internet for regaining your own natural eyesight and reversing your [[myopia]].

'''EndMyopia isn't a simple program of steps. This page is just the entrance to the rabbit hole.''' Nobody here can tell you how well your eyes will react to a specific change, or what glasses are right for your eyes and your vision habits and your work requirements, we can just give you the tools to understand your own eyesight, what causes myopia progression and how to stop and reverse it.

==The Beginning Steps - Stop Myopia Progression==
# Measure your eyes. - You can start with a professional refraction, but you should also learn to measure your own vision at home. If your refraction is better than -10, the [[Measurement#cm_Measurement|cm Measurement]] is easy to do and compare values. The cm measurement measures your myopia, the [[Snellen chart]] measures all the factors of [[Visual acuity]] and is necessary for checking if your vision meets the legal requirements in your jurisdiction for driving.
# Take Breaks from near work (Follow the [[20-20-20 rule]] for starters)
# Don't wear glasses for near work if you don't need them. <ref>[https://endmyopia.org/day-57-myopia-progression-the-one-thing-you-have-to-stop-doing Myopia Progression: The One Thing You Have To Stop Doing]</ref>
# Get separate glasses for near work if you do need them. We call these [[Differentials]] if your doctor is willing to prescribe them, he may call them computer glasses or reading glasses. <ref>[https://endmyopia.org/day-67-differential-glasses-for-close-up-use Differential Glasses for CLOSE-UP Use]</ref>

==Time to Learn==
Experience has shown many times that without adequate knowledge of the process, people are really unlikely to make any improvements in their eyesight. There is always more to learn about vision improvement, and you should not be afraid to spend significant amounts of time reading the resources already available to you. Arm yourself with knowledge to deal with any bumps in the road that come your way. The community won't answer your medical questions or diopter specific questions, take medical questions to your doctor, and do your own work to understand your specific diopter needs.
# Get the [[seven day free email guide]] - This is a must, if you ask a question in the community that's answered in this guide, your thread will quite possibly be closed by a moderator.
# Consult the [https://endmyopia.org/faqs/ Blog Frequently Asked Questions] and [[Frequently Asked Questions| Wiki Frequently Asked Questions]]
# Read the [{{em}} the blog]
## Hover over (with your mouse) “Blog and How-to’s” and check the “Eyesight How-To’s” and any other sections relevant to you.
## Search the blog. Do you know how to search the [https://endmyopia.org/ blog]? Hit the 🔍️ in the upper right corner and fill in the relevant search item there.
# Watch [[EndMyopia YouTube Channel]]
# Watch [[List:Community YouTubers]]
# Use the Wiki as a reference when you need an overview of a new topic.
# Read the [[Guide:How to ask for support]] then join the [[Community]].

==Future Steps==

# Get slightly reduced glasses for other times when you don't need perfect vision. We call these [[Normalized]]. They give a slight blur challenge at a distance. Because glasses are generally rounded off to the nearest quarter diopter, full strength lenses are likely to be slightly over prescribed even if your doctor follows the best practices and procedures of his profession. A quarter diopter low would put your distance to blur at 4m, or about 13 feet, and allow your [[Ciliary muscle]] to relax when viewing at that distance and beyond. <ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LI9JphYXQ6A 20/50 Rule For Improving Eyesight]</ref>

# Find Active Focus, a way of getting your eyes to see slightly further than their normal distance to blur. [[Guide:How_to_find_Active_Focus|Guide: How to find Active Focus]] <ref>[https://endmyopia.org/active-focus-links/ There is a category of blog posts about Active Focus here.]</ref>
# When you're ready, do your first [[Reduction]]<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzrQb4pCFkQ Reduce Normalized Diopters]</ref>

==Advanced Topics==
* For [[astigmatism]]: “(reducing) prescription complexity”, “Astigmatism”, “Cylinder”, “diopter ratio”,
* Do you have one “weaker/stronger” eye? Search for: “(reducing) prescription complexity”, “dominant eye” and “diopter ratio”.
* [https://endmyopia.org/low-myopia/ Blog posts about dealing with low myopia]

==Keep Learning==
[[File:Cute cat with glasses and tie reading laptop.gif|right]]

This page is just the entrance to the rabbit hole. Keep referring to the learning resources above even after you've made your first successful reductions.

You are likely to make mistakes along this journey: there is trial and error as you perfect the approach taken to improving vision. If at any time you have discomfort or disfunction in your new glasses, step back to the previous pair you were comfortable in. The basic ideas are really simple to understand, but there is a lot of nuance in how to apply them, and this can take time to understand fully.

==See also==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xU6mJr16huk|Video Version of Getting Started]
* [https://endmyopia.org/how-to-eyesight-improve-five-steps/|How To Improve Your Eyesight: Just 5 Steps]

[[Category:Guides]]

Measurement

2020-09-05T21:45:08Z

Dlskidmore: copied over from getting started

== cm Measurement ==
A simple test for your level of myopia is to hold a ruler up to your eye, and measure how far away you can still read text without [[blur]]. If you measure this distance in centimetres, this is your "cm measurement". The ideal precise measurement is from the surface of your eyeball, but this is obviously not safe, so measure from some facial structure near your eye. Consistency is more important than accuracy, you want to be able to track your small changes over the course of a day, and larger changes over time.

[[Diopters]] = -100cm/cm measurement.

This test is fairly accurate up to about -10 Diopters. This is not corrected for [[vertex distance]], but below -4D vertex distance has no significant effect, and your [[normalized]] lenses should be a little low anyway.

== Trial Refraction ==
If your vision is worse than -10D, you may need a [[trial lens kit]] to measure your own myopia, or you may just stick to professional [[optometrist]] exams.

<youtube>n2ku6gJ3z7E</youtube>

== Tools ==
* [[EndMyopia Diopter Calculator]]
** [https://endmyopia.org/another-diy-diopter-measuring-tool/ Making the physical measurement easier]
*[[Varakari's Vision Log Tool]]
* [https://endmyopia.org/focal-calculator/calc.html EndMyopia cm calculator]
* [https://endmyopia.org/measure/ Measurement]
* [https://testflight.apple.com/join/wuAvRvdL The iOS Sight Meter App]
* [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.endmyopia.calc The Android Diopter Calculator]

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Articles]]

Guide:Start your improvement here

2020-09-05T21:04:27Z

Dlskidmore: Intro update

[[File:EMBoxLogoTransparent.png|right|200px]]
'''Welcome to EndMyopia''', the prime place on the internet for regaining your own natural eyesight and reversing your [[myopia]].

EndMyopia isn't a simple program of steps. Nobody here can tell you how well your eyes will react to a specific change, or what glasses are right for your eyes and your vision habits and your work requirements, we can just give you the tools to understand your own eyesight, what causes myopia progression and how to stop and reverse it.

This page is just the entrance to the rabbit hole. There are a lot more details on these topics on the [[EndMyopia YouTube channel]] and [{{em}} the blog] to refer to throughout your journey.

==Starting out==

'''Start Here: Improve your Eyesight'''

<youtube>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xU6mJr16huk</youtube>

==Good resources and articles for newcomers==
[[File:Cute cat with glasses and tie reading laptop.gif|right]]

Experience has shown many times that without adequate knowledge of the process, people are really unlikely to make any improvements in their eyesight. There is always more to learn about vision improvement, and you should not be afraid to spend significant amounts of time reading the resources already available to you.

The [[seven day free email guide]], [[EndMyopia YouTube channel]] and [{{em}} the blog] are invaluable resources for improving your eyesight.

You are likely to make mistakes along this journey: there is trial and error as you perfect the approach taken to improving vision. The basic ideas are really simple to understand, but there is a lot of nuance in how to apply them, and this can take time to understand fully.

====Good vision habits to get started with====
* Follow the [[20-20-20 rule]]
* [https://endmyopia.org/day-57-myopia-progression-the-one-thing-you-have-to-stop-doing If you can see your phone/tablet screen '''clearly''' without glasses, you should do so].

====[[Differentials]]====
* [https://endmyopia.org/day-67-differential-glasses-for-close-up-use Proper differentials for starters]

====[[Normalized]]====
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LI9JphYXQ6A Super Simple 20/50 Rule For Improving Eyesight]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzrQb4pCFkQ (How To) Reduce Normalized Diopters (The Guru Way)]
====[[Active Focus]]====

*[[Guide:How_to_find_Active_Focus|Guide: How to find Active Focus]]

*[https://endmyopia.org/active-focus-links/ There is a category of blog posts about Active Focus here.]

====[[Measurement tools]]====
* [https://endmyopia.org/focal-calculator/calc.html EndMyopia cm calculator]
* [https://endmyopia.org/measure/ Measurement]
* [https://testflight.apple.com/join/wuAvRvdL The iOS Sight Meter App]
* [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.endmyopia.calc The Android Diopter Calculator]
* [[Varakari's Vision Log Tool]]

====[[Low myopia]]====
* [https://endmyopia.org/low-myopia/ Blog posts about dealing with low myopia]

==Troubleshooting==
Consult the [https://endmyopia.org/faqs/ FAQ] (Frequently Asked Questions). They are very extensive and may very well answer your questions.
Did you see endmyopia's [https://endmyopia.org/ blog section]? Hover over (with your mouse) “Blog and How-to’s” and check the “Eyesight How-To’s” and any other sections relevant to you.
Search the blog. Do you know how to search the [https://endmyopia.org/ blog]? Hit the 🔍️ in the upper right corner and fill in the relevant search item there.

Here are some search terms to help you get started:

* “first differentials” and “first normalized”.
* For astigmatism: “(reducing) prescription complexity”, “Astigmatism”, “Cylinder”, “diopter ratio”,
* Do you have one “weaker/stronger” eye? Search for: “(reducing) prescription complexity”, “dominant eye” and “diopter ratio”.
==Community==
* [[List:Community YouTubers|Community YouTubers]]

==See also==
* [[Seven day free email guide]]

[[Category:Guides]]

Explainer:Why myopia gets worse over time

2020-09-05T20:52:56Z

Dlskidmore: syntax

Here are the reasons your myopia gets worse:

==Poor vision habits==
* Too much [[close work]],
* while wearing glasses that are too powerful (see [[Differentials]] and [[Lens-induced myopia]]),

The actual mechanism is an area of active research, but the general result is [[axial elongation]]. The eye grows longer, requiring stronger correction, in a cycle.

Other bad habits which affect vision, though probably don't contribute to progression of myopia:
* Not blinking enough, causing [[Dry eye]]

==Video Explainer==
{{Main article|Why myopia gets worse over time}}
::''' Animated explanation'''
{{#ev:vimeo|370725217||inline}}
=== Transcript ===
Myopia, also known as shortsightedness is not a disorder, a disease, or a lifetime sentence to expensive glasses slash contacts. It's actually your eyes doing their job properly. Our eyesight is an amazing dance between the software of our brains and the mechanisms of our eyeballs. It's a series of tiny unconscious adjustments made in response to the stimulus of looking at something.

If your glasses prescription has been getting stronger over the years, that's often the result of a feedback loop of stronger lens correction and your eyeballs compensating to deal with it. Thankfully, changes in eyesight are not a one way street. Let's talk about how your ability to see things clearly at a distance can get slowly better over time instead of worse.

First, the basics of eyeball mechanics. At some point, you probably learned what lenses do. Lenses change the direction of rays of light Positive lenses bend light towards a single point. Negative lenses spread that light out. Positive and negative lenses working together can adjust where that point of focus falls.

Your eyeballs contain a flexible positive lens. This lens is framed by a ring of muscle called the ciliary muscle. When the ciliary muscles relaxed, your lens is at its thinnest. When the ciliary muscle contracts, it pushes inward causing your lens to bulge more. This basically happens without your conscious control. Amazing. Your eyeball has one almighty directive from the brain. Focus the light from the object you're looking at onto your retina at the back of your eyeball. When it hits perfectly, you get a clear image. If it falls short or long of the retina, you'll experience blurriness. The amount of work Your eyes have to do depends on how far away the object is. If you experience myopia, you know that things in the distance are more blurry than things that are nearer to your face.

Let's compare the task of focusing at different distances to the task of hand picking apples from a tree. You want to be able to reach the maximum number of apples and you have two mechanisms with which to accomplish this, your arm and the ladder. Your arm is like your ciliary muscle, it can move quickly to make slight adjustments, and zero in on the apple of your choice. The ladder in this metaphor is the length of your eyeball. The ladder determines the larger range within which your arm can work. How do you choose the right ladder height for apple picking? The best ladder is the one that positions your arm to reach the most apples. Now I want you to imagine the apples towards the top of the tree or your close up eyesight tasks. Things like reading, computer and phone use, sewing, drawing, etc. The apples towards the bottom of the tree are the things that require distance vision, like playing sports, driving, and generally navigating the outdoors. Let's say that the apples at the top seemed like the best to you, you're really going after those, your arm is getting tired of stretching most of the time though, so you adjust your ladder to be taller. And now you can comfortably work in that top Apple range. But you can only reach down so far, and there's no way you'll get those bottom apples unless your ladder gets shorter, or unless you step down on the ladder. It's not a perfect metaphor, but now you know how your ciliary muscle and the length of your eyeball work together.

Let's take this back to the realm of eyesight, you're having trouble seeing things far away. Your eye doctor gives you glasses. You can see far away now fabulous. Then you go home and read for a few hours with your new glasses on. While you're doing that your ciliary muscle is working extra hard to cancel out the strong new negative lens that's making this close up image, the book, fall behind your retina.

If you do something like this every day for months and years, your ciliary muscle is going to get so overworked that your eyeball will grow a tiny bit in length to give it a break. But now, your glasses don't seem to be working quite as well as they used to. And you can't see as far as the distance anymore. So you go to the eye doctor, they prescribe you some stronger lenses, and the cycle continues. In the next video, we'll look at ways to break this cycle and introduce habits that can restore your distance vision over time.
[[Category:Guides]]

Guide:Start your improvement here

2020-09-05T20:52:32Z

Dlskidmore: moved explainer video into topic specific page

[[File:EMBoxLogoTransparent.png|right|200px]]
'''Welcome to EndMyopia''', the prime place on the internet for regaining your own natural eyesight and reversing your [[myopia]].

Knowledge is really key when it comes to making long-term improvements in your eyesight. You should watch as many of the videos listed below as you can, and comprehensively review the [[EndMyopia YouTube channel]] and [{{em}} the blog] throughout your journey.

==Starting out==

'''Start Here: Improve your Eyesight'''

<youtube>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xU6mJr16huk</youtube>

==Good resources and articles for newcomers==
[[File:Cute cat with glasses and tie reading laptop.gif|right]]

Experience has shown many times that without adequate knowledge of the process, people are really unlikely to make any improvements in their eyesight. There is always more to learn about vision improvement, and you should not be afraid to spend significant amounts of time reading the resources already available to you.

The [[seven day free email guide]], [[EndMyopia YouTube channel]] and [{{em}} the blog] are invaluable resources for improving your eyesight.

You are likely to make mistakes along this journey: there is trial and error as you perfect the approach taken to improving vision. The basic ideas are really simple to understand, but there is a lot of nuance in how to apply them, and this can take time to understand fully.

====Good vision habits to get started with====
* Follow the [[20-20-20 rule]]
* [https://endmyopia.org/day-57-myopia-progression-the-one-thing-you-have-to-stop-doing If you can see your phone/tablet screen '''clearly''' without glasses, you should do so].

====[[Differentials]]====
* [https://endmyopia.org/day-67-differential-glasses-for-close-up-use Proper differentials for starters]

====[[Normalized]]====
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LI9JphYXQ6A Super Simple 20/50 Rule For Improving Eyesight]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzrQb4pCFkQ (How To) Reduce Normalized Diopters (The Guru Way)]
====[[Active Focus]]====

*[[Guide:How_to_find_Active_Focus|Guide: How to find Active Focus]]

*[https://endmyopia.org/active-focus-links/ There is a category of blog posts about Active Focus here.]

====[[Measurement tools]]====
* [https://endmyopia.org/focal-calculator/calc.html EndMyopia cm calculator]
* [https://endmyopia.org/measure/ Measurement]
* [https://testflight.apple.com/join/wuAvRvdL The iOS Sight Meter App]
* [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.endmyopia.calc The Android Diopter Calculator]
* [[Varakari's Vision Log Tool]]

====[[Low myopia]]====
* [https://endmyopia.org/low-myopia/ Blog posts about dealing with low myopia]

==Troubleshooting==
Consult the [https://endmyopia.org/faqs/ FAQ] (Frequently Asked Questions). They are very extensive and may very well answer your questions.
Did you see endmyopia's [https://endmyopia.org/ blog section]? Hover over (with your mouse) “Blog and How-to’s” and check the “Eyesight How-To’s” and any other sections relevant to you.
Search the blog. Do you know how to search the [https://endmyopia.org/ blog]? Hit the 🔍️ in the upper right corner and fill in the relevant search item there.

Here are some search terms to help you get started:

* “first differentials” and “first normalized”.
* For astigmatism: “(reducing) prescription complexity”, “Astigmatism”, “Cylinder”, “diopter ratio”,
* Do you have one “weaker/stronger” eye? Search for: “(reducing) prescription complexity”, “dominant eye” and “diopter ratio”.
==Community==
* [[List:Community YouTubers|Community YouTubers]]

==See also==
* [[Seven day free email guide]]

[[Category:Guides]]

Explainer:Why myopia gets worse over time

2020-09-05T20:52:18Z

Dlskidmore: moved explainer video into topic specific page

Here are the reasons your myopia gets worse:

==Poor vision habits==
* Too much [[close work]],
* while wearing glasses that are too powerful (see [[Differentials]] and [[Lens-induced myopia]]
),

The actual mechanism is an area of active research, but the general result is [[axial elongation]]. The eye grows longer, requiring stronger correction, in a cycle.

Other bad habits which affect vision, though probably don't contribute to progression of myopia:
* Not blinking enough, causing [[Dry eye]]

==Video Explainer==
{{Main article|Why myopia gets worse over time}}
::''' Animated explanation'''
{{#ev:vimeo|370725217||inline}}
=== Transcript ===
Myopia, also known as shortsightedness is not a disorder, a disease, or a lifetime sentence to expensive glasses slash contacts. It's actually your eyes doing their job properly. Our eyesight is an amazing dance between the software of our brains and the mechanisms of our eyeballs. It's a series of tiny unconscious adjustments made in response to the stimulus of looking at something.

If your glasses prescription has been getting stronger over the years, that's often the result of a feedback loop of stronger lens correction and your eyeballs compensating to deal with it. Thankfully, changes in eyesight are not a one way street. Let's talk about how your ability to see things clearly at a distance can get slowly better over time instead of worse.

First, the basics of eyeball mechanics. At some point, you probably learned what lenses do. Lenses change the direction of rays of light Positive lenses bend light towards a single point. Negative lenses spread that light out. Positive and negative lenses working together can adjust where that point of focus falls.

Your eyeballs contain a flexible positive lens. This lens is framed by a ring of muscle called the ciliary muscle. When the ciliary muscles relaxed, your lens is at its thinnest. When the ciliary muscle contracts, it pushes inward causing your lens to bulge more. This basically happens without your conscious control. Amazing. Your eyeball has one almighty directive from the brain. Focus the light from the object you're looking at onto your retina at the back of your eyeball. When it hits perfectly, you get a clear image. If it falls short or long of the retina, you'll experience blurriness. The amount of work Your eyes have to do depends on how far away the object is. If you experience myopia, you know that things in the distance are more blurry than things that are nearer to your face.

Let's compare the task of focusing at different distances to the task of hand picking apples from a tree. You want to be able to reach the maximum number of apples and you have two mechanisms with which to accomplish this, your arm and the ladder. Your arm is like your ciliary muscle, it can move quickly to make slight adjustments, and zero in on the apple of your choice. The ladder in this metaphor is the length of your eyeball. The ladder determines the larger range within which your arm can work. How do you choose the right ladder height for apple picking? The best ladder is the one that positions your arm to reach the most apples. Now I want you to imagine the apples towards the top of the tree or your close up eyesight tasks. Things like reading, computer and phone use, sewing, drawing, etc. The apples towards the bottom of the tree are the things that require distance vision, like playing sports, driving, and generally navigating the outdoors. Let's say that the apples at the top seemed like the best to you, you're really going after those, your arm is getting tired of stretching most of the time though, so you adjust your ladder to be taller. And now you can comfortably work in that top Apple range. But you can only reach down so far, and there's no way you'll get those bottom apples unless your ladder gets shorter, or unless you step down on the ladder. It's not a perfect metaphor, but now you know how your ciliary muscle and the length of your eyeball work together.

Let's take this back to the realm of eyesight, you're having trouble seeing things far away. Your eye doctor gives you glasses. You can see far away now fabulous. Then you go home and read for a few hours with your new glasses on. While you're doing that your ciliary muscle is working extra hard to cancel out the strong new negative lens that's making this close up image, the book, fall behind your retina.

If you do something like this every day for months and years, your ciliary muscle is going to get so overworked that your eyeball will grow a tiny bit in length to give it a break. But now, your glasses don't seem to be working quite as well as they used to. And you can't see as far as the distance anymore. So you go to the eye doctor, they prescribe you some stronger lenses, and the cycle continues. In the next video, we'll look at ways to break this cycle and introduce habits that can restore your distance vision over time.
[[Category:Guides]]

Cylinder

2020-09-02T22:29:21Z

Dlskidmore: more details

'''Cylinder''' lenses correct for the most common kind of [[astigmatism]]. It's represented as CYL on [[prescriptions]]. The lens is shaped like a cylinder rather than a sphere, bending light in one direction, but not in the other. The direction is specified by the [[Axis]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Articles]]

Guide:My Child Has Myopia

2020-09-02T18:27:14Z

Dlskidmore: cm mesurement for communication issues

==Welcome==
Your kid is very lucky to have you, a parent that goes above and beyond what the doctor says and does their own research. Many parents are concerned that they only see adults on the forums, and wonder if EndMyopia works for kids. The great news is that most of the science that EndMyopia is based on was done on young and growing animals and children, the work on adults is actually more experimental. If your kid is still growing, they have a better chance of rapid improvement than adults, especially if they've just gotten their first glasses prescription.

==All kids are born [[Hyperopic]]==
When your child first opened his/her eyes, they were farsighted. As they grow, the eye lengthens, and they become closer and closer to perfect vision. This growth reacts to stimulus it is given, and tunes your child's eyesight for the task distance they do most. If they spend time with screens, books, and table-top crafts, their eyesight will become tuned for those things, very functional at close range, but not very good at distance vision. If they spend more time outdoors, looking at scenery, or doing sports, their eyesight will become tuned for those things, more functional at distance, and needing ciliary muscles to do a little work for close tasks.

==It starts as Pseudomyopia==
''See full article: [[Pseudomyopia]]''

If your child does some near and some far work, they might still have some issues with distance vision beyond what their eye length alone would cause. Pseudomyopia is when the ciliary muscle gets cramped while doing near work, and can not fully relax for distance vision. Pseudomyopia may be all that is going on with your child's first troubles with distance vision, and is much more easily fixed than true myopia. (But the steps you need to take are the same.)

==It's more than just Pseudomyopia==
Maybe you went ahead and got the glasses a few years ago when the doctor said to, maybe your child has progressed beyond pseudomyopia and you're concerned about continued progression. Don't worry, it's not too late. Start with the same habits, the same program, and your child has a very good chance of literally growing out of it, as long as they continue to grow they can see more rapid results from good habits than an adult.

==The first three habits==

* Only wear glasses when they are needed. If your child is not in school, and they can participate in all their activities without glasses, just put the glasses away. Talk to the teacher about putting your child up in the front row and testing his/her eyesight on the types of materials the teacher puts on the board, and see if they can do without glasses at school. If they do need glasses for school, emphasize that they are only for use with the board. If your child is too young to manage their glasses, and the teacher can't/won't help them manage them, bifocals with a reading lens or no-power lens in the bottom may be an option.
* Get outside. Get your kid involved in any hobby you can think of that involves distance vision. If you have a safe yard or a good neighborhood porch grannie you might just do the old fashioned thing and kick them out of the house until dinner, although the modern parent may feel comfortable with signing up for sports activities.
* Minimize near work. School work has to be done, but they can take breaks to minimize strain. Leisure activities should though either involve moving focus or focus at at least six feet (two meters). If you can, eliminate handheld devices from their routine.

==Follow the Guide==
All the same steps for adults apply to children, although you may have to be creative about motivating kids. You know your child best and how to redirect them. Read the guide for adults and kids: [[Guide:Start your improvement here]].

===Active Focus===
Kids might not want to "active focus" but they may enjoy some distance vision activities and games. [[Active focus]] can be a natural consequence of participating in distance activities and wanting to see a little further, it doesn't have to be a drill done on street signs.

====Distance Vision Activity Suggestions for Children====
* Outdoor sports
* Stargazing
* Cloud gazing
* Model rockets
* Paper airplane flying
* Bird Watching (place bird feeder at least 20 feet from the window if doing this from inside. Outdoors is better.)
* Hiking
* Picnics (This doesn't have to be fancy, lunch on the balcony gives plenty of opportunity to look around at distant objects while eating.)
* Playgrounds
* Line dancing
* "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_spy I Spy]"
* Painting Scenery and distant objects
* Podcasts in the hammock/on the balcony (Use a limited function device so this doesn't become screen time.)
* Archery

===Measuring edge of blur===
''Related [[Cm Measurement]]''

Pre-lingual or developmentally delayed children may have trouble telling you what they see. The optometrist is going to have similar issues doing a standard manifest refraction. The optometrist can do an auto-refraction test or retinoscopy, but results may still be over-prescribed if your child can not follow instructions to focus on the target. These measurements from the optometrist can though serve as a starting place for your child. Start by calculating [[differentials]] from this measurement, and get glasses for your child. Give the glasses to your child for some near work activity they enjoy and observe their posture and behavior. Are they pulling the book close? Are they participating in the activity longer or shorter than usual? You can then try small changes up or down, and see if your child seems more comfortable holding their books or coloring at a healthy distance. Once they have comfortable differentials, you can back-calculate their [[normalized]].

==What about this treatment my doctor recommended?==
Only you know your risk/reward tolerance. The conventional treatments do show promise of slowing myopia progression, but not stopping it, and not reversing it. EndMyopia does not yet have long term studies to gauge effectiveness, but it has worked for many people, and the science definitely backs up that minus lenses on growing youth causes more myopia, which all the conventional treatments will include. Read up on the known side effects of the proposed treatment and make your decision. (Please do read multiple sources and not just these short summaries.)
* Atropine - a chemical that paralyzes both the ciliary and pupil. Although it does partially relax the ciliary, your child may have trouble with seeing near work and with bright outdoor lighting.
* Multifocal contacts - Gives some of the benefits of bifocals, but can be difficult for a child to manage safely, and comes with a risk of eye infection and corneal thinning.
* Ortho K - reshapes the cornea at night for temporary good distance vision during the day. Waning eyesight over the course of the day makes this less harmful than all day full correction, but they're still wearing full correction in the morning. Has all the same risks as multifocal contacts.
* Bifocals - This is one of the more promising treatments for children too young to manage taking glasses on and off, but may cause physical and social awkwardness as they can not see clearly out of the whole lens, which affects their ability to use peripheral vision and requires them to look around more to see less than even a child in regular glasses.
* Separate reading glasses, or directives to only wear glasses for distance work - Hey, sounds like you have a promising doc, [[:Category:Community|we'd love to hear more]] about him.

==See Also==
Jake Rants about Atropine: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cylh7gwXOUY

[[Category:Guides]]

Cm measurement

2020-09-02T18:24:28Z

Dlskidmore: more precise redirect

#REDIRECT [[Measurement#cm_Measurement]]

List:Community YouTubers

2020-09-02T00:19:32Z

Dlskidmore: added Category:Community using HotCat

__NOTOC__
{{Listarticlebanner|EM:YouTubers|List:YouTubers}}
Here is a list of many community members who have created YouTube videos about EndMyopia.
The community is always growing and you can do your part by contributing too. From day one you can contribute by hitting like and subscribing to all EndMyopia content, thereby increasing EM visibility so that others can find and benefit from EM as well. Once you really gain traction in the method, you can get involved too. There are so many ways you can give back to the community.

==Adding yourself to the list==
If you want to be included on the below list, there are basically no requirements. Just edit yourself on. It's free self-promotion.

Some of these links below have equivalent articles in the YouTuber: namespace. If you're a YouTuber and want your own article instead of just a link to your channel, you can copy and paste this when adding yourself to the list, changing your username:
<nowiki>* [[YouTuber:Username|]]</nowiki>

This will produce a red link, which then can be clicked on so you can edit your own page. See [[Help:how to contribute|how to contribute]] for more information on editing wiki articles.
===Preview many videos below on one page===
{{bigger|[[List:Community YouTubers Embedded|See this page for many YouTube videos embedded into the page directly. Great for previewing many content creators at once.]]}}

==YouTubers 📽==
<onlyinclude>
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PwC9y4WKZ7o Alex Wharton]
* [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLY8KOU-K955PDoMnjXUbaPkxbOg3tNpK_ Angie Hepp]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eVA3mo4HVO4 Benal Ertürk]
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtJob3DtshKLIwObgZLVtFw/featured?view_as=subscriber Beneficial info]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xjDUJ5tyYP0 Cahlen Lee]
* [https://www.youtube.com/user/cliffgnu/videos Cliffgnu]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hx4Y4DgMTDQ Daisy]
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtRj3j4HsDqNFbhLBBYtVPw Gemily Mez]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JnLAFP4193A Jaanus Vogelberg]
* [https://www.youtube.com/c/EndMyopia Jake Steiner]
* [https://www.youtube.com/user/leahhuyghe Leah Huyghe]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzl9pM2gpUA Laurens Buhler]
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCH6-Z7aexbQbA7Yq_9LBvsg Matt Ely]
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCweA0VUyyRiiECESUcB_FcA Michele Zucchi]
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_DmwX1R01L8T-nwa6N0HAA/videos Neil Doerdan]
* [[YouTuber:NottNott|NottNott]]
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHkyr8O-4jeRM2cvAOQKbFw Reannon]
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjLhL-872WdZ43oqEroHa3A Sean Skelton]
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCcV5z6zxhuV4Je0Lfndt_GA Shelly S]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yCphdrcKThI Steven Kraft]
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIlairMIm1tahx44PHtsq-A Viodhora]
</onlyinclude>

====Related YouTubers====
The following are non-community lens reduction method YouTubers
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x5Efg42-Qn0 Todd Becker M.S.]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s07D6Glx5uc Otie Brown]

==Checking for new Endmyopia videos==
[https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=endmyopia&sp=EgIIAg%3D%3D This link will show you all Endmyopia videos added on this day to YouTube]

[[Category:Community]]

Guide:My Child Has Myopia

2020-09-01T22:51:12Z

Dlskidmore: activities list

==Welcome==
Your kid is very lucky to have you, a parent that goes above and beyond what the doctor says and does their own research. Many parents are concerned that they only see adults on the forums, and wonder if EndMyopia works for kids. The great news is that most of the science that EndMyopia is based on was done on young and growing animals and children, the work on adults is actually more experimental. If your kid is still growing, they have a better chance of rapid improvement than adults, especially if they've just gotten their first glasses prescription.

==All kids are born [[Hyperopic]]==
When your child first opened his/her eyes, they were farsighted. As they grow, the eye lengthens, and they become closer and closer to perfect vision. This growth reacts to stimulus it is given, and tunes your child's eyesight for the task distance they do most. If they spend time with screens, books, and table-top crafts, their eyesight will become tuned for those things, very functional at close range, but not very good at distance vision. If they spend more time outdoors, looking at scenery, or doing sports, their eyesight will become tuned for those things, more functional at distance, and needing ciliary muscles to do a little work for close tasks.

==It starts as Pseudomyopia==
''See full article: [[Pseudomyopia]]''

If your child does some near and some far work, they might still have some issues with distance vision beyond what their eye length alone would cause. Pseudomyopia is when the ciliary muscle gets cramped while doing near work, and can not fully relax for distance vision. Pseudomyopia may be all that is going on with your child's first troubles with distance vision, and is much more easily fixed than true myopia. (But the steps you need to take are the same.)

==It's more than just Pseudomyopia==
Maybe you went ahead and got the glasses a few years ago when the doctor said to, maybe your child has progressed beyond pseudomyopia and you're concerned about continued progression. Don't worry, it's not too late. Start with the same habits, the same program, and your child has a very good chance of literally growing out of it, as long as they continue to grow they can see more rapid results from good habits than an adult.

==The first three habits==

* Only wear glasses when they are needed. If your child is not in school, and they can participate in all their activities without glasses, just put the glasses away. Talk to the teacher about putting your child up in the front row and testing his/her eyesight on the types of materials the teacher puts on the board, and see if they can do without glasses at school. If they do need glasses for school, emphasize that they are only for use with the board. If your child is too young to manage their glasses, and the teacher can't/won't help them manage them, bifocals with a reading lens or no-power lens in the bottom may be an option.
* Get outside. Get your kid involved in any hobby you can think of that involves distance vision. If you have a safe yard or a good neighborhood porch grannie you might just do the old fashioned thing and kick them out of the house until dinner, although the modern parent may feel comfortable with signing up for sports activities.
* Minimize near work. School work has to be done, but they can take breaks to minimize strain. Leisure activities should though either involve moving focus or focus at at least six feet (two meters). If you can, eliminate handheld devices from their routine.

==Follow the Guide==
All the same steps for adults apply to children, although you may have to be creative about motivating kids. They might not want to "active focus" but they may enjoy some activities and games. You know your child best and how to redirect them. Read the guide for adults and kids: [[Guide:Start your improvement here]].

===Distance Vision Activity Suggestions for Children===
* Outdoor sports
* Stargazing
* Cloud gazing
* Model rockets
* Paper airplane flying
* Bird Watching (place bird feeder at least 20 feet from the window if doing this from inside. Outdoors is better.)
* Hiking
* Picnics (This doesn't have to be fancy, lunch on the balcony gives plenty of opportunity to look around at distant objects while eating.)
* Playgrounds
* Line dancing
* "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_spy I Spy]"
* Painting Scenery and distant objects
* Podcasts in the hammock/on the balcony (Use a limited function device so this doesn't become screen time.)
* Archery

==What about this treatment my doctor recommended?==
Only you know your risk/reward tolerance. The conventional treatments do show promise of slowing myopia progression, but not stopping it, and not reversing it. EndMyopia does not yet have long term studies to gauge effectiveness, but it definitely has worked for many people, and the science definitely backs up that minus lenses on growing youth causes more myopia, which all the conventional treatments will include. Read up on the known side effects of the proposed treatment and make your decision. (Please do read multiple sources and not just these short summaries.)
* Atropine - a chemical that paralyzes both the ciliary and pupil. Although it does partially relax the ciliary, your child may have trouble with seeing near work and with bright outdoor lighting.
* Multifocal contacts - Gives some of the benefits of bifocals, but can be difficult for a child to manage safely, and comes with a risk of eye infection and corneal thinning.
* Ortho K - reshapes the cornea at night for temporary good distance vision during the day. Waning eyesight over the course of the day makes this less harmful than all day full correction, but they're still wearing full correction in the morning. Has all the same risks as multifocal contacts.
* Bifocals - This is one of the more promising treatments for children too young to manage taking glasses on and off, but may cause physical and social awkwardness as they can not see clearly out of the whole lens, which affects their ability to use peripheral vision and requires them to look around more to see less than even a child in regular glasses.
* Separate reading glasses, or directives to only wear glasses for distance work - Hey, sounds like you have a promising doc, [[:Category:Community|we'd love to hear more]] about him.

==See Also==
Jake Rants about Atropine: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cylh7gwXOUY

[[Category:Guides]]

Talk:EndMyopia Wiki

2020-08-31T05:01:14Z

Dlskidmore: questions

{{Talk header}}

== Header image on mobile ==

That thing is too wide, so the whole page gets non mobile friendly. It’s annoying, but I don’t have permission to edit and try to fix it... 😞 [[User:Jswetzen|Jswetzen]] ([[User talk:Jswetzen|talk]]) 13:12, 29 July 2020 (UTC)
:{{re|Jswetzen}} Changed it, see {{diff2|14211|this change}}. Does this look better on mobile devices? {{smiley}} -[[User:NottNott|<span style="color:#e67e22">NottNott</span>]] <small>([[User talk:NottNott|talk]])</small> 21:49, 29 July 2020 (UTC)

Yes, much better! Aaah, peace of mind 😄 [[User:Jswetzen|Jswetzen]] ([[User talk:Jswetzen|talk]]) 04:13, 30 July 2020 (UTC)

==Overall layout==
A lot of content on one page. Should we break it up and just put the section headers on the main page? [[User:Dlskidmore|Dlskidmore]] ([[User talk:Dlskidmore|talk]]) 05:01, 31 August 2020 (UTC)

== New Guide to add?==
That said, I have a suggested new guide: https://wiki.endmyopia.org/wiki/Guide:My_Child_Has_Myopia [[User:Dlskidmore|Dlskidmore]] ([[User talk:Dlskidmore|talk]]) 05:01, 31 August 2020 (UTC)

Guide:My Child Has Myopia

2020-08-31T04:56:10Z

Dlskidmore: /* All kids are born Hyperopic */

==Welcome==
Your kid is very lucky to have you, a parent that goes above and beyond what the doctor says and does their own research. Many parents are concerned that they only see adults on the forums, and wonder if EndMyopia works for kids. The great news is that most of the science that EndMyopia is based on was done on young and growing animals and children, the work on adults is actually more experimental. If your kid is still growing, they have a better chance of rapid improvement than adults, especially if they've just gotten their first glasses prescription.

==All kids are born [[Hyperopic]]==
When your child first opened his/her eyes, they were farsighted. As they grow, the eye lengthens, and they become closer and closer to perfect vision. This growth reacts to stimulus it is given, and tunes your child's eyesight for the task distance they do most. If they spend time with screens, books, and table-top crafts, their eyesight will become tuned for those things, very functional at close range, but not very good at distance vision. If they spend more time outdoors, looking at scenery, or doing sports, their eyesight will become tuned for those things, more functional at distance, and needing ciliary muscles to do a little work for close tasks.

==It starts as Pseudomyopia==
''See full article: [[Pseudomyopia]]''

If your child does some near and some far work, they might still have some issues with distance vision beyond what their eye length alone would cause. Pseudomyopia is when the ciliary muscle gets cramped while doing near work, and can not fully relax for distance vision. Pseudomyopia may be all that is going on with your child's first troubles with distance vision, and is much more easily fixed than true myopia. (But the steps you need to take are the same.)

==It's more than just Pseudomyopia==
Maybe you went ahead and got the glasses a few years ago when the doctor said to, maybe your child has progressed beyond pseudomyopia and you're concerned about continued progression. Don't worry, it's not too late. Start with the same habits, the same program, and your child has a very good chance of literally growing out of it, as long as they continue to grow they can see more rapid results from good habits than an adult.

==The first three habits==

* Only wear glasses when they are needed. If your child is not in school, and they can participate in all their activities without glasses, just put the glasses away. Talk to the teacher about putting your child up in the front row and testing his/her eyesight on the types of materials the teacher puts on the board, and see if they can do without glasses at school. If they do need glasses for school, emphasize that they are only for use with the board. If your child is too young to manage their glasses, and the teacher can't/won't help them manage them, bifocals with a reading lens or no-power lens in the bottom may be an option.
* Get outside. Get your kid involved in any hobby you can think of that involves distance vision. If you have a safe yard or a good neighborhood porch grannie you might just do the old fashioned thing and kick them out of the house until dinner, although the modern parent may feel comfortable with signing up for sports activities.
* Minimize near work. School work has to be done, but they can take breaks to minimize strain. Leisure activities should though either involve moving focus or focus at at least six feet (two meters). If you can, eliminate handheld devices from their routine.

==Follow the Guide==
All the same steps for adults apply to children, although you may have to be creative about motivating kids. They might not want to "active focus" but they may enjoy birdwatching, or painting distant objects, they may enjoy the "I spy" game. Your little bookworm may enjoy audio books and podcasts to keep their brains busy while swinging on the hammock. You know your child best and how to redirect them. Read the guide for adults and kids: [[Guide:Start your improvement here]].

==What about this treatment my doctor recommended?==
Only you know your risk/reward tolerance. The conventional treatments do show promise of slowing myopia progression, but not stopping it, and not reversing it. EndMyopia does not yet have long term studies to gauge effectiveness, but it definitely has worked for many people, and the science definitely backs up that minus lenses on growing youth causes more myopia, which all the conventional treatments will include. Read up on the known side effects of the proposed treatment and make your decision. (Please do read multiple sources and not just these short summaries.)
* Atropine - a chemical that paralyzes both the ciliary and pupil. Although it does partially relax the ciliary, your child may have trouble with seeing near work and with bright outdoor lighting.
* Multifocal contacts - Gives some of the benefits of bifocals, but can be difficult for a child to manage safely, and comes with a risk of eye infection and corneal thinning.
* Ortho K - reshapes the cornea at night for temporary good distance vision during the day. Waning eyesight over the course of the day makes this less harmful than all day full correction, but they're still wearing full correction in the morning. Has all the same risks as multifocal contacts.
* Bifocals - This is one of the more promising treatments for children too young to manage taking glasses on and off, but may cause physical and social awkwardness as they can not see clearly out of the whole lens, which affects their ability to use peripheral vision and requires them to look around more to see less than even a child in regular glasses.
* Separate reading glasses, or directives to only wear glasses for distance work - Hey, sounds like you have a promising doc, [[:Category:Community|we'd love to hear more]] about him.

==See Also==
Jake Rants about Atropine: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cylh7gwXOUY

[[Category:Guides]]

Guide:My Child Has Myopia

2020-08-31T04:55:39Z

Dlskidmore: added Category:Guides using HotCat

==Welcome==
Your kid is very lucky to have you, a parent that goes above and beyond what the doctor says and does their own research. Many parents are concerned that they only see adults on the forums, and wonder if EndMyopia works for kids. The great news is that most of the science that EndMyopia is based on was done on young and growing animals and children, the work on adults is actually more experimental. If your kid is still growing, they have a better chance of rapid improvement than adults, especially if they've just gotten their first glasses prescription.

==All kids are born [[Hyperopic]]==
When your child first opened his/her eyes, they were farsighted. As they grow, the eye lengthens faster than the lens grows in power, and they become closer and closer to perfect vision. This growth reacts to stimulus it is given, and tunes your child's eyesight for the task distance they do most. If they spend time with screens, books, and table-top crafts, their eyesight will become tuned for those things, very functional at close range, but not very good at distance vision. If they spend more time outdoors, looking at scenery, or doing sports, their eyesight will become tuned for those things, more functional at distance, and needing ciliary muscles to do a little work for close tasks.

==It starts as Pseudomyopia==
''See full article: [[Pseudomyopia]]''

If your child does some near and some far work, they might still have some issues with distance vision beyond what their eye length alone would cause. Pseudomyopia is when the ciliary muscle gets cramped while doing near work, and can not fully relax for distance vision. Pseudomyopia may be all that is going on with your child's first troubles with distance vision, and is much more easily fixed than true myopia. (But the steps you need to take are the same.)

==It's more than just Pseudomyopia==
Maybe you went ahead and got the glasses a few years ago when the doctor said to, maybe your child has progressed beyond pseudomyopia and you're concerned about continued progression. Don't worry, it's not too late. Start with the same habits, the same program, and your child has a very good chance of literally growing out of it, as long as they continue to grow they can see more rapid results from good habits than an adult.

==The first three habits==

* Only wear glasses when they are needed. If your child is not in school, and they can participate in all their activities without glasses, just put the glasses away. Talk to the teacher about putting your child up in the front row and testing his/her eyesight on the types of materials the teacher puts on the board, and see if they can do without glasses at school. If they do need glasses for school, emphasize that they are only for use with the board. If your child is too young to manage their glasses, and the teacher can't/won't help them manage them, bifocals with a reading lens or no-power lens in the bottom may be an option.
* Get outside. Get your kid involved in any hobby you can think of that involves distance vision. If you have a safe yard or a good neighborhood porch grannie you might just do the old fashioned thing and kick them out of the house until dinner, although the modern parent may feel comfortable with signing up for sports activities.
* Minimize near work. School work has to be done, but they can take breaks to minimize strain. Leisure activities should though either involve moving focus or focus at at least six feet (two meters). If you can, eliminate handheld devices from their routine.

==Follow the Guide==
All the same steps for adults apply to children, although you may have to be creative about motivating kids. They might not want to "active focus" but they may enjoy birdwatching, or painting distant objects, they may enjoy the "I spy" game. Your little bookworm may enjoy audio books and podcasts to keep their brains busy while swinging on the hammock. You know your child best and how to redirect them. Read the guide for adults and kids: [[Guide:Start your improvement here]].

==What about this treatment my doctor recommended?==
Only you know your risk/reward tolerance. The conventional treatments do show promise of slowing myopia progression, but not stopping it, and not reversing it. EndMyopia does not yet have long term studies to gauge effectiveness, but it definitely has worked for many people, and the science definitely backs up that minus lenses on growing youth causes more myopia, which all the conventional treatments will include. Read up on the known side effects of the proposed treatment and make your decision. (Please do read multiple sources and not just these short summaries.)
* Atropine - a chemical that paralyzes both the ciliary and pupil. Although it does partially relax the ciliary, your child may have trouble with seeing near work and with bright outdoor lighting.
* Multifocal contacts - Gives some of the benefits of bifocals, but can be difficult for a child to manage safely, and comes with a risk of eye infection and corneal thinning.
* Ortho K - reshapes the cornea at night for temporary good distance vision during the day. Waning eyesight over the course of the day makes this less harmful than all day full correction, but they're still wearing full correction in the morning. Has all the same risks as multifocal contacts.
* Bifocals - This is one of the more promising treatments for children too young to manage taking glasses on and off, but may cause physical and social awkwardness as they can not see clearly out of the whole lens, which affects their ability to use peripheral vision and requires them to look around more to see less than even a child in regular glasses.
* Separate reading glasses, or directives to only wear glasses for distance work - Hey, sounds like you have a promising doc, [[:Category:Community|we'd love to hear more]] about him.

==See Also==
Jake Rants about Atropine: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cylh7gwXOUY

[[Category:Guides]]

Guide:My Child Has Myopia

2020-08-31T04:55:21Z

Dlskidmore: New Guide

==Welcome==
Your kid is very lucky to have you, a parent that goes above and beyond what the doctor says and does their own research. Many parents are concerned that they only see adults on the forums, and wonder if EndMyopia works for kids. The great news is that most of the science that EndMyopia is based on was done on young and growing animals and children, the work on adults is actually more experimental. If your kid is still growing, they have a better chance of rapid improvement than adults, especially if they've just gotten their first glasses prescription.

==All kids are born [[Hyperopic]]==
When your child first opened his/her eyes, they were farsighted. As they grow, the eye lengthens faster than the lens grows in power, and they become closer and closer to perfect vision. This growth reacts to stimulus it is given, and tunes your child's eyesight for the task distance they do most. If they spend time with screens, books, and table-top crafts, their eyesight will become tuned for those things, very functional at close range, but not very good at distance vision. If they spend more time outdoors, looking at scenery, or doing sports, their eyesight will become tuned for those things, more functional at distance, and needing ciliary muscles to do a little work for close tasks.

==It starts as Pseudomyopia==
''See full article: [[Pseudomyopia]]''

If your child does some near and some far work, they might still have some issues with distance vision beyond what their eye length alone would cause. Pseudomyopia is when the ciliary muscle gets cramped while doing near work, and can not fully relax for distance vision. Pseudomyopia may be all that is going on with your child's first troubles with distance vision, and is much more easily fixed than true myopia. (But the steps you need to take are the same.)

==It's more than just Pseudomyopia==
Maybe you went ahead and got the glasses a few years ago when the doctor said to, maybe your child has progressed beyond pseudomyopia and you're concerned about continued progression. Don't worry, it's not too late. Start with the same habits, the same program, and your child has a very good chance of literally growing out of it, as long as they continue to grow they can see more rapid results from good habits than an adult.

==The first three habits==

* Only wear glasses when they are needed. If your child is not in school, and they can participate in all their activities without glasses, just put the glasses away. Talk to the teacher about putting your child up in the front row and testing his/her eyesight on the types of materials the teacher puts on the board, and see if they can do without glasses at school. If they do need glasses for school, emphasize that they are only for use with the board. If your child is too young to manage their glasses, and the teacher can't/won't help them manage them, bifocals with a reading lens or no-power lens in the bottom may be an option.
* Get outside. Get your kid involved in any hobby you can think of that involves distance vision. If you have a safe yard or a good neighborhood porch grannie you might just do the old fashioned thing and kick them out of the house until dinner, although the modern parent may feel comfortable with signing up for sports activities.
* Minimize near work. School work has to be done, but they can take breaks to minimize strain. Leisure activities should though either involve moving focus or focus at at least six feet (two meters). If you can, eliminate handheld devices from their routine.

==Follow the Guide==
All the same steps for adults apply to children, although you may have to be creative about motivating kids. They might not want to "active focus" but they may enjoy birdwatching, or painting distant objects, they may enjoy the "I spy" game. Your little bookworm may enjoy audio books and podcasts to keep their brains busy while swinging on the hammock. You know your child best and how to redirect them. Read the guide for adults and kids: [[Guide:Start your improvement here]].

==What about this treatment my doctor recommended?==
Only you know your risk/reward tolerance. The conventional treatments do show promise of slowing myopia progression, but not stopping it, and not reversing it. EndMyopia does not yet have long term studies to gauge effectiveness, but it definitely has worked for many people, and the science definitely backs up that minus lenses on growing youth causes more myopia, which all the conventional treatments will include. Read up on the known side effects of the proposed treatment and make your decision. (Please do read multiple sources and not just these short summaries.)
* Atropine - a chemical that paralyzes both the ciliary and pupil. Although it does partially relax the ciliary, your child may have trouble with seeing near work and with bright outdoor lighting.
* Multifocal contacts - Gives some of the benefits of bifocals, but can be difficult for a child to manage safely, and comes with a risk of eye infection and corneal thinning.
* Ortho K - reshapes the cornea at night for temporary good distance vision during the day. Waning eyesight over the course of the day makes this less harmful than all day full correction, but they're still wearing full correction in the morning. Has all the same risks as multifocal contacts.
* Bifocals - This is one of the more promising treatments for children too young to manage taking glasses on and off, but may cause physical and social awkwardness as they can not see clearly out of the whole lens, which affects their ability to use peripheral vision and requires them to look around more to see less than even a child in regular glasses.
* Separate reading glasses, or directives to only wear glasses for distance work - Hey, sounds like you have a promising doc, [[:Category:Community|we'd love to hear more]] about him.

==See Also==
Jake Rants about Atropine: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cylh7gwXOUY

Eye floaters

2020-08-30T06:40:28Z

Dlskidmore: Dead link Redirected to Floaters page

#REDIRECT [[Floaters]]

Visual acuity

2020-08-12T20:27:23Z

Dlskidmore: added 20/x, as we merged that page in. Most of the information on the 20/x page was not well supported and was not merged. See 20/x talk page for details.

Visual acuity is the measurement of how well the vision system as a whole is recognizing what it sees. This is typically measured with a [[Snellen chart]] and expressed as the distance you need to be from the chart to recognize the characters over the distance that someone with normal vision can recognize the characters.

==Reading a Snellen chart==
{{main|Snellen chart}}
* 10/400 would be very bad (possibly just [[myopic]]),
* 20/20 is (by definition) normal, and
* 40/20 is excellent.

Visual acuity for [[myopes]] is typically measured at [[distance vision|20 feet or 6 meters]]. Lens or mirror tricks may be used to change the effective test distance in a smaller room. Visual acuity for [[hyperopes]] is typically measured at 36cm, and a [[presbyope]] would be measured at both distances.

With text that we are familiar with, the brain may clear up that text more than our vision would actually allow.

==Reasons differing visual acuity==
[[Refraction]] is only one part of visual acuity. Various medical conditions can cause physical blockage/dispersion of light in the eye, problems detecting light in the eye, or problems with the visual processing that turns a series of electrochemical signals into a picture in our mind's eye. See an [[optometrist]] if your vision can't be corrected with [[refraction]].

==20/x==
Shorthand for 20 over a single digit, or considerably better than 20/20 vision.

==See Also==
* [[Emmetropia]]
* [[Optics_related_math#Visual_acuity]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Articles]]

20/x vision

2020-08-12T20:22:46Z

Dlskidmore: changing to redirect to visual acuity. See talk page for rationale.

#REDIRECT [[Visual acuity]]

Aqueous humor

2020-08-06T18:52:08Z

Dlskidmore: syntax

The Aqueous Humor is the fluid that exists between the cornea and the lens of the eye. It provides the pressure necessary to inflate the cornea, and the nutrients necessary for both the cornea and lens health. The flow of Aqueous humor is regulated by the [[ciliary muscle]], a relaxed ciliary muscle opens up Schlemm's canal for drainage, while the fluid is produced by the ciliary body that contains the ciliary muscle and is influenced by the same nerves that affect the ciliary muscle. Increased Aqueous Humor pressure is a risk factor for [[glaucoma]]. The cornea is partially supported by the pressure of the aqueous humor, and may have it's shape influenced by that pressure.

EM tends to focus on the axial length component of [[refractive state]] but the lens and the cornea, both influenced by aqueous humor are also major contributors to refractive state, and could be important factors in myopia recovery.

== See Also ==
[[Eyeballs]]

Aqueous humor

2020-08-06T18:51:49Z

Dlskidmore: syntax

==Aqueous humor==

The Aqueous Humor is the fluid that exists between the cornea and the lens of the eye. It provides the pressure necessary to inflate the cornea, and the nutrients necessary for both the cornea and lens health. The flow of Aqueous humor is regulated by the [[ciliary muscle]], a relaxed ciliary muscle opens up Schlemm's canal for drainage, while the fluid is produced by the ciliary body that contains the ciliary muscle and is influenced by the same nerves that affect the ciliary muscle. Increased Aqueous Humor pressure is a risk factor for [[glaucoma]]. The cornea is partially supported by the pressure of the aqueous humor, and may have it's shape influenced by that pressure.

EM tends to focus on the axial length component of [[refractive state]] but the lens and the cornea, both influenced by aqueous humor are also major contributors to refractive state, and could be important factors in myopia recovery.

=== See Also ===
[[Eyeballs]]