Endmyopia Wiki - User contributions [en]

EndMyopia Forum

2021-07-28T09:47:39Z

Viceroy Sam: update

[[File:Forumpic2.png|right|700px]]

The '''EndMyopia Forum''' is a forum where people discuss vision improvement stuff. People in the forum tend to be slightly more invested with vision improvement how everything works compared to other platforms. It runs on [https://www.discourse.org/ Discourse] forum software.
The forum is free and open to anyone.
As of June 2020 there is a high level of posting activity with over 4500 users registered.
{{clear}}
==Join==
* https://community.endmyopia.org/

==Other resources==
{{Resources list}}
* [[Seven day free email guide]]
[[Category:Articles]]
[[Category:Community]]

EndMyopia Forum

2021-07-28T09:47:15Z

Viceroy Sam: /* Join */ no quiz now

[[File:Forumpic2.png|right|700px]]

The '''EndMyopia Forum''' is a forum where people discuss vision improvement stuff. People in the forum tend to be slightly more invested with vision improvement how everything works compared to other platforms. It runs on [https://www.discourse.org/ Discourse] forum software.
The forum is free and open to anyone. However, initial entry requires passing a quiz to show a solid understanding of the basics on improving your eyesight.
As of June 2020 there is a high level of posting activity with over 4500 users registered.
{{clear}}
==Join==
* https://community.endmyopia.org/

==Other resources==
{{Resources list}}
* [[Seven day free email guide]]
[[Category:Articles]]
[[Category:Community]]

EndMyopia Discord Server

2021-07-01T13:45:50Z

Viceroy Sam: /* Screen sharing */ add

[[File:Discord_Logo_Purple.svg|right|link={{Discord}}]]
The '''EndMyopia Discord Server''' is a live chat room for discussing vision improvement. You can get really quick feedback and support on all areas of vision improvement.

==Join==
[{{Discord}} {{resize|150%|Join the EndMyopia Discord server here}}].
[[File:Endmyopia_discord.png|600px|right]]
{{clear}}
==Server channels==
===Text===
=====Information=====
<tabs>
<tab name="Information">
: '''#welcome''' - info about the server, server rules ''*shudders*''
: '''#introductions''' - introduce yourself
: '''#announcements''' - server announcements
: '''#eyeball-these-links''' - some handy links</tab>
<tab name="EndMyopia">
: '''#endmyopia''' - for general vision improvement stuff
: '''#gainz''' - post about improvements
: '''#videos''' - post videos about vision improvement (even your own)
: '''#memes''' - memes
: '''#👓diopter-roles''' - cool place where you can select your level of myopia, and be marked as such. Gives you a colourful username, completely optional</tab>
<tab name="Off-topic">
: '''#off-topic''' - off-topic things unrelated to vision
: '''#music'''</tab>
<tab name="Specialist discussion">
: '''#active-focus'''
: '''#habits'''
: '''#low-myopia'''
: '''#astigmatism-and-cylinder'''
: '''#equalizing'''
: '''#science'''
: '''#double-vision'''
: '''#better-than-20-20'''</tab>
</tabs>

This list isn't comprehensive. {{smiley}}

===Voice===
To talk to other people, it's usually a good idea to join one of the voice channels and leave your mic on mute until someone joins. Being in the voice chat channel itself is good because it shows other people you're down for a voice conversation.

You can post things like links and images in the dedicated #1,2,3-text channels.

===Video chat===
Discord video chat. Video chats can happen in a server, people can drop in and out.
First connect to voice then click ''''Video''''.

===Screen sharing===
The whole screen or an application screen can be shared. First connect to voice then click ''''Screen'''' and select sharing options.

===Diopterbot===
{{quote|DiopterBot can calculate the diopter value from a cm value that you give it, and vice versa. It can also perform calculations with differentials and tells you how to work out calculations for the future.

To use DiopterBot, type convert (value) (differentials), only giving a value for differentials if you want to include this in the calculation. Examples:
convert 7cm will convert 7cm into diopters
convert -2 will tell you the number of cms you can see with -2 myopia
convert 20cm -1 will tell you your myopia value if you measured 20cm with a -1 lens (differential) in that eye.}}

==Other resources==
{{Resources list}}
[[Category:Articles]]
[[Category:Community]]

EndMyopia Discord Server

2021-07-01T13:43:56Z

Viceroy Sam: Video chat and Screen sharing

[[File:Discord_Logo_Purple.svg|right|link={{Discord}}]]
The '''EndMyopia Discord Server''' is a live chat room for discussing vision improvement. You can get really quick feedback and support on all areas of vision improvement.

==Join==
[{{Discord}} {{resize|150%|Join the EndMyopia Discord server here}}].
[[File:Endmyopia_discord.png|600px|right]]
{{clear}}
==Server channels==
===Text===
=====Information=====
<tabs>
<tab name="Information">
: '''#welcome''' - info about the server, server rules ''*shudders*''
: '''#introductions''' - introduce yourself
: '''#announcements''' - server announcements
: '''#eyeball-these-links''' - some handy links</tab>
<tab name="EndMyopia">
: '''#endmyopia''' - for general vision improvement stuff
: '''#gainz''' - post about improvements
: '''#videos''' - post videos about vision improvement (even your own)
: '''#memes''' - memes
: '''#👓diopter-roles''' - cool place where you can select your level of myopia, and be marked as such. Gives you a colourful username, completely optional</tab>
<tab name="Off-topic">
: '''#off-topic''' - off-topic things unrelated to vision
: '''#music'''</tab>
<tab name="Specialist discussion">
: '''#active-focus'''
: '''#habits'''
: '''#low-myopia'''
: '''#astigmatism-and-cylinder'''
: '''#equalizing'''
: '''#science'''
: '''#double-vision'''
: '''#better-than-20-20'''</tab>
</tabs>

This list isn't comprehensive. {{smiley}}

===Voice===
To talk to other people, it's usually a good idea to join one of the voice channels and leave your mic on mute until someone joins. Being in the voice chat channel itself is good because it shows other people you're down for a voice conversation.

You can post things like links and images in the dedicated #1,2,3-text channels.

===Video chat===
Discord video chat. Video chats can happen in a server, people can drop in and out.
First connect to voice then click ''''Video''''.

===Screen sharing===
The screen of an application screen can be shared. First connect to voice then click ''''Screen''''.

===Diopterbot===
{{quote|DiopterBot can calculate the diopter value from a cm value that you give it, and vice versa. It can also perform calculations with differentials and tells you how to work out calculations for the future.

To use DiopterBot, type convert (value) (differentials), only giving a value for differentials if you want to include this in the calculation. Examples:
convert 7cm will convert 7cm into diopters
convert -2 will tell you the number of cms you can see with -2 myopia
convert 20cm -1 will tell you your myopia value if you measured 20cm with a -1 lens (differential) in that eye.}}

==Other resources==
{{Resources list}}
[[Category:Articles]]
[[Category:Community]]

EndMyopia Discord Server

2021-07-01T13:36:51Z

Viceroy Sam: {{quote|DiopterBot

[[File:Discord_Logo_Purple.svg|right|link={{Discord}}]]
The '''EndMyopia Discord Server''' is a live chat room for discussing vision improvement. You can get really quick feedback and support on all areas of vision improvement.

==Join==
[{{Discord}} {{resize|150%|Join the EndMyopia Discord server here}}].
[[File:Endmyopia_discord.png|600px|right]]
{{clear}}
==Server channels==
===Text===
=====Information=====
<tabs>
<tab name="Information">
: '''#welcome''' - info about the server, server rules ''*shudders*''
: '''#introductions''' - introduce yourself
: '''#announcements''' - server announcements
: '''#eyeball-these-links''' - some handy links</tab>
<tab name="EndMyopia">
: '''#endmyopia''' - for general vision improvement stuff
: '''#gainz''' - post about improvements
: '''#videos''' - post videos about vision improvement (even your own)
: '''#memes''' - memes
: '''#👓diopter-roles''' - cool place where you can select your level of myopia, and be marked as such. Gives you a colourful username, completely optional</tab>
<tab name="Off-topic">
: '''#off-topic''' - off-topic things unrelated to vision
: '''#music'''</tab>
<tab name="Specialist discussion">
: '''#active-focus'''
: '''#habits'''
: '''#low-myopia'''
: '''#astigmatism-and-cylinder'''
: '''#equalizing'''
: '''#science'''
: '''#double-vision'''
: '''#better-than-20-20'''</tab>
</tabs>

This list isn't comprehensive. {{smiley}}

===Voice===
To talk to other people, it's usually a good idea to join one of the voice channels and leave your mic on mute until someone joins. Being in the voice chat channel itself is good because it shows other people you're down for a voice conversation.

You can post things like links and images in the dedicated #1,2,3-text channels.

===Diopterbot===
{{quote|DiopterBot can calculate the diopter value from a cm value that you give it, and vice versa. It can also perform calculations with differentials and tells you how to work out calculations for the future.

To use DiopterBot, type convert (value) (differentials), only giving a value for differentials if you want to include this in the calculation. Examples:
convert 7cm will convert 7cm into diopters
convert -2 will tell you the number of cms you can see with -2 myopia
convert 20cm -1 will tell you your myopia value if you measured 20cm with a -1 lens (differential) in that eye.}}

==Other resources==
{{Resources list}}
[[Category:Articles]]
[[Category:Community]]

Diopterbot

2021-07-01T13:34:13Z

Viceroy Sam: #REDIRECT EndMyopia Discord Server

#REDIRECT [[EndMyopia Discord Server]]

Science

2021-07-01T12:00:57Z

Viceroy Sam: #REDIRECT Clinical Studies

#REDIRECT [[Clinical Studies]]

Clinical Studies

2021-07-01T11:59:51Z

Viceroy Sam: It's a page of references.

Below you can find many third party clinical studies on the progression of myopia and how myopia may be reversed.
==Causes of Myopia==
===Lens induced myopia (LIM) & axial length change in humans===
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20592235/ ''"Significant changes in optical axial length occurred in human subjects after 60 minutes of monocular defocus."'' IOVS, 2010]
*[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-65151-5 ''"The human eye is able to discern the sign of defocus within minutes after exposure to blur and make changes in its axial length in a direction to reduce the amount of retinal blur"'', Scientific Reports, 2020]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16505066/ ''"During relatively short periods of accommodative stimulation, axial length increases in ... young adults"'', IOVS, 2006]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20562668/ ''"The eye undergoes a significant axial elongation associated with a brief period of accommodation..."'', OVS, 2010]
*[https://endmyopia.org/dr-morgan-dr-megaw-preventing-axial-elongation-and-the-development-of-myopia/ ''"It is therefore clear that preventive approaches need to concentrate on measures that prevent or reduce axial elongation, since this would result in a reduction in both the need for refractive correction and the long-term pathological outcomes"'', Acad Med Singapore, 2004]
*[https://endmyopia.org/glasses-make-your-eyes-grow-not-in-a-good-way/ ''"Refractive correction of myopia will lead to accelerated progression"'', OPO, 2007]
*[https://endmyopia.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/The_progression_of_corrected_myopia_with_pages_as_published_clean_10.1007_s00417-015-2991-5.pdf ''"Continuous correction of myopia results in a linear progression that increases myopia..."'', GACEO, 2015]
*[https://europepmc.org/article/med/3688185''"...A reduction in the axial length of the adult eye serves as an emmetropizing mechanism..."'', AJOPO, 1987]
*[https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2711345''"...This study found that small but significant bi-directional changes in SFCT (Sub-Foveal Choroidal Thickening) were caused by retinal defocus in healthy presbyopic subjects aged 50 to 67 years of age...."'', IOVS, 2018]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26010292/''"Small but significant changes in SFCT (Sub-Foveal Choroidal Thickening) (5-8%) were caused by retinal defocus. ."'', OPO, 2015]

===Lens induced myopia (LIM) & axial length change in animals===
*[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1475-1313.1997.97000033.x ''"Extrapolation of these (animal) findings to humans predicts that natural emmetropization (normal eye development) will be inhibited...by early intervention with prescription lenses..."'' OPO, 2007]
*[https://endmyopia.org/can-axial-length-be-reduced-for-less-myopia/ ''"It has been suggested that environmental factors such as extensive near work act as triggers of myopia....The expression of AL (Axial Length) genes activated by environmental factors leads to the elongation of AL (Axial Length)."'' Ophthalmologica, 2011]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23557736/ ''"Hyperopic defocus accelerated vitreous chamber elongation (Axial Length) and produced myopic shifts in refractive error...Following lens removal, the...monkeys recovered from the induced myopia..."'' IOVS, 2013]
*[https://endmyopia.org/eyes-in-various-species-can-shorten-to-compensate-for-myopic-defocus/ ''"We demonstrated that eyes of young animals of various species (chick, tree shrew, marmoset, and rhesus macaque) can shorten in the axial dimension in response to myopic defocus."'' IOVS, 2013]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7839608/ ''"The chick eye is able to change its refractive state by as much as 7 D by pushing the retina forward or pulling it back (when stimulated by lense use)..."'' VR, 1995]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18791175/ ''"Chicks' eyes rapidly compensate for defocus imposed by spectacle lenses...The complex etiology (cause) of human myopia may reflect these temporal properties."'' IOVS, 2009]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12445851/ ''"If the effective focal length of a growing eye is modified by spectacle lenses, the eye compensates by altering its growth, thereby keeping images in focus..."'' VR, 2002]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15980206/ ''"In a matter of minutes, the eye can know which way to grow..."'' IOVS, 2005]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10343811/ ''"...spectacle lenses could predictably alter the growth of...eyes resulting in ... refractive changes in both the hyperopic and myopic directions."'' VR, 1999]

===Nearwork-Induced Transient Myopia (NITM) & Nearwork Causing Permanent Myopia (PM)===
*[https://endmyopia.org/us-national-academy-of-sciences-near-work-causes-myopia/''"Today there no longer seems to be any question that nearwork is a causal factor for myopia. "'' The Lancet, 2000]
*[https://www.aoa.org/healthy-eyes/eye-and-vision-conditions/myopia?sso=y''"People who do an excessive amount of near-vision work may experience a false or "pseudo" myopia...Clear distance vision usually returns after resting the eyes. However, constant visual stress may lead to a permanent reduction in distance vision over time. "'' American Optometric Association]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22943873/''"Near work which is a primary, environmentally based factor in the development and progression of permanent myopia (PM) may take effect via near work-induced transient myopia (NITM)."'' ZYJZZ, 2012]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18339041/''"...based on recent converging evidence from clinical, laboratory and modelling studies, a five-fold argument will be advanced for a possible link between PM (Permanent Myopia) and NITM (Nearwork-Induced Transient Myopia)."'' OPO, 2008]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26244865/''"Continuous reading, close distances of reading, television viewing... and use of fluorescent desk light were significantly associated with myopia... which indicates that visual behaviors and environments may be important factors mediating the effects of near work on myopia.."'' PLoS, 2015]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32075819/''"The current study provides novel evidence, based on objective data, to support the association between the intensity of near work, light intensity and myopia..."'' BrJO, 2020]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18579757/''"Near work such as close reading distance (< 30 cm) and continuous reading (> 30 minutes) independently increased the odds of having myopia in this sample of children."'' IOVS, 2008]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23187872/''"The purpose of the present study was to...investigate the possible relation between NITM (Nearwork-Induced Transient Myopia) and PM (Permanent Myopia); and to determine the possible associations with NITM "'' IOVS, 2008]

==Reversing Myopia==
===Outdoor time & distance vision===
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20592235/ ''"It is now well established that spending more time outdoors during childhood lowers the risk of developing myopia..."'' BrJO, 2020]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18294691/ ''"Outdoor activity reduces the prevalence of myopia in children."'' Opthamology, 2008]
*[https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/139488/1/1-s2.0-S1350946217300393-main.pdf''"The most immediate path to myopia prevention in schools is to increase the amount of time that children spend outdoors within school hours"'' PRES, 2018]
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5233810/''"..VL (Violet Light) is one of the important outdoor environmental factors for myopia control...VL exposure can be a preventive strategy against myopia progression"'' EBioMedecine, 2017]

===Using reduced or no lenses (myopic defocus)===
*[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-65151-5''"The human eye is capable of responding to the presence of blur by changing its axial length, so that the retina moves towards the defocused image plane (using reduced lenses)...These findings provide evidence that the human eye is able to detect and respond to the presence (using reduced lenses)... of blur within minutes."'' Scientific Reports, 2020]

*[https://endmyopia.org/another-study-glasses-cause-rapid-myopia-progression-in-children/''"Our findings suggest that myopic defocus (using reduced lenses) slows the progression of myopia in already myopic children, supporting previous findings from animal studies..."'' IOVS, 2004]
*[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1475-1313.2008.00608.x''"Compared with SV lenses (Normal Glasses), myopia progression was found to be retarded by PALs (Bifocals / Reduced Lenses) to some extent in Chinese children"'' OPO, 2008]
*[https://endmyopia.org/shots-in-the-dark-clinical-myopia-studies/ ''"Results of this study suggest that such children, if myopic, may have an additional benefit of slowed progression of myopia."'' IOVS, 2004]
*[https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2189093&resultClick=1 ''"Eyes of chick, tree shrew, marmoset, and rhesus macaque can shorten axially when presented with myopic defocus...Implications for human myopia control are significant."'' IOVS, 2013]
*[https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2393165 ''"The results suggest that imposed peripheral myopic defocus (reduced lense use) may be able to be used to control on–axis axial elongation (myopia progression)..."'' GACEO, 2017]

===Active Focus (accomodative training or accomodative facility training)===
*[https://endmyopia.org/active-focus-does-it-actually-work-clinical-science/ ''"Training of the accommodative system (active focus)...resulted in improved dynamics...This is consistent with earlier reports in the literature of improvements..."'' OVS, 2009]
*[https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Changes-in-dynamics-of-accommodation-after-facility-Allen-Charman/bb8e6b6b3e843c144582532d3bdbcfba520eba72''"This study evaluates the effect of accommodative facility training (active focus) in myopes and emmetropes (normal sighted)....The results showed that training (active focus) improved the facility rate (results) in both groups..."'' VR, 2010]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10947012/''"These results suggest that accommodative facility training (active focus) is an efficient method built on loss of symptoms among children..."'' DO, 1999]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11727875/''"The result of this study indicates that accommodative facility training (active focus) has a real effect on the amplitude of relative accommodation in patients with impaired relative accommodation..."'' OPO, 2001]
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3631199/''"This experiment shows the effectiveness of automated accommodative training (active focus) in reducing asthenopia (eye strain) and improving accommodative facility."'' AmJOPO, 1987]

[[Category:Articles]]

Blur adaptation

2021-06-16T10:46:11Z

Viceroy Sam: /* See Also */ neat

'''Blur adaptation''' is where someone has become used to lower levels of correction on either a psychological or physiological level.

It usually occurs after someone has been wearing significantly undercorrecting glasses, or no correction for long periods of time when they should have been wearing more correction.

{{#ev:youtube|3-Bam28FjWk||inline}}

==Avoiding Blur Adaptation==
There is no benefit to living in excessive blur, many people do this thinking that it will give them a larger capacity for improvement, and/or the ability to improve faster. This is not only ''not'' the case, but frequently the opposite of this notion is true and the excessive blur slows progress, if not stalling it altogether. It is highly important to be sure you are getting good stimulus by using [[correction]] that provides only a little blur that you can actively clear with [[active focus]]; and be sure to be mindful to clear that blur to avoid becoming accustomed to it's presence. Remember, correction is a tool, and EndMyopia principles require that correction is leveraged properly for improvement.

==Resolving Blur Adaptation==
If you are, or suspect you are, already blur adapted because you over reduced or even quit using correction; it is a good idea to address this issue first, before trying to move forward with EndMyopia. This usually means wearing full [[20/20 correction]] for a time to give the visual cortex a clarity reference. This might require a gradual increase to work your way up to that correction if you have been a long time without correction. For low myopes in particular intermittent use of correction, particularly in low light might be enough. [[Differentials]] should still be used, if you require them, but it is not a good idea to try to reduce to [[normalized]] before you have gotten in that time in the higher correction, a few weeks is likely all you need. Without that clear reference and sufficient correction you might have a very difficult time finding/using active focus. Without active focus your eyes are unlikely to improve.

{{#ev:youtube|s6l869wGyA8||inline}}

==See Also==
* [[Guide:Not reducing too quickly]]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X7g4WLoo3WU Blur Horizon explained | Jake Steiner]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OYNwz_gcNXQ Fixing Low Myopia Blur Adaptation if you never wore glasses | Jake Steiner]

==References==
*The EndMyopia Blog:
**https://endmyopia.org/unicorn-farming-nonsense-bates-method-no-glasses/
**https://endmyopia.org/keith-goes-back-wearing-glasses-2030-2010/
*Jake on YouTube: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s6l869wGyA8&t=4s Blur Adaptaion is Bad]
[[Category:Articles]]

Blur adaptation

2021-06-16T10:45:06Z

Viceroy Sam: /* See Also */ * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OYNwz_gcNXQ Jake on YouTube: Fixing Low Myopia Blur Adaptation if you never wore glasses]

'''Blur adaptation''' is where someone has become used to lower levels of correction on either a psychological or physiological level.

It usually occurs after someone has been wearing significantly undercorrecting glasses, or no correction for long periods of time when they should have been wearing more correction.

{{#ev:youtube|3-Bam28FjWk||inline}}

==Avoiding Blur Adaptation==
There is no benefit to living in excessive blur, many people do this thinking that it will give them a larger capacity for improvement, and/or the ability to improve faster. This is not only ''not'' the case, but frequently the opposite of this notion is true and the excessive blur slows progress, if not stalling it altogether. It is highly important to be sure you are getting good stimulus by using [[correction]] that provides only a little blur that you can actively clear with [[active focus]]; and be sure to be mindful to clear that blur to avoid becoming accustomed to it's presence. Remember, correction is a tool, and EndMyopia principles require that correction is leveraged properly for improvement.

==Resolving Blur Adaptation==
If you are, or suspect you are, already blur adapted because you over reduced or even quit using correction; it is a good idea to address this issue first, before trying to move forward with EndMyopia. This usually means wearing full [[20/20 correction]] for a time to give the visual cortex a clarity reference. This might require a gradual increase to work your way up to that correction if you have been a long time without correction. For low myopes in particular intermittent use of correction, particularly in low light might be enough. [[Differentials]] should still be used, if you require them, but it is not a good idea to try to reduce to [[normalized]] before you have gotten in that time in the higher correction, a few weeks is likely all you need. Without that clear reference and sufficient correction you might have a very difficult time finding/using active focus. Without active focus your eyes are unlikely to improve.

{{#ev:youtube|s6l869wGyA8||inline}}

==See Also==
* [[Guide:Not reducing too quickly]]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X7g4WLoo3WU Jake on YouTube: Blur Horizon explained]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OYNwz_gcNXQ Jake on YouTube: Fixing Low Myopia Blur Adaptation if you never wore glasses]

==References==
*The EndMyopia Blog:
**https://endmyopia.org/unicorn-farming-nonsense-bates-method-no-glasses/
**https://endmyopia.org/keith-goes-back-wearing-glasses-2030-2010/
*Jake on YouTube: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s6l869wGyA8&t=4s Blur Adaptaion is Bad]
[[Category:Articles]]

Blur adaptation

2021-06-14T14:27:25Z

Viceroy Sam: +Blur Horizon explained

'''Blur adaptation''' is where someone has become used to lower levels of correction on either a psychological or physiological level.

It usually occurs after someone has been wearing significantly undercorrecting glasses, or no correction for long periods of time when they should have been wearing more correction.

{{#ev:youtube|3-Bam28FjWk||inline}}

==Avoiding Blur Adaptation==
There is no benefit to living in excessive blur, many people do this thinking that it will give them a larger capacity for improvement, and/or the ability to improve faster. This is not only ''not'' the case, but frequently the opposite of this notion is true and the excessive blur slows progress, if not stalling it altogether. It is highly important to be sure you are getting good stimulus by using [[correction]] that provides only a little blur that you can actively clear with [[active focus]]; and be sure to be mindful to clear that blur to avoid becoming accustomed to it's presence. Remember, correction is a tool, and EndMyopia principles require that correction is leveraged properly for improvement.

==Resolving Blur Adaptation==
If you are, or suspect you are, already blur adapted because you over reduced or even quit using correction; it is a good idea to address this issue first, before trying to move forward with EndMyopia. This usually means wearing full [[20/20 correction]] for a time to give the visual cortex a clarity reference. This might require a gradual increase to work your way up to that correction if you have been a long time without correction. For low myopes in particular intermittent use of correction, particularly in low light might be enough. [[Differentials]] should still be used, if you require them, but it is not a good idea to try to reduce to [[normalized]] before you have gotten in that time in the higher correction, a few weeks is likely all you need. Without that clear reference and sufficient correction you might have a very difficult time finding/using active focus. Without active focus your eyes are unlikely to improve.

{{#ev:youtube|s6l869wGyA8||inline}}

==See Also==
* [[Guide:Not reducing too quickly]]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X7g4WLoo3WU Jake on YouTube: Blur Horizon explained]

==References==
*The EndMyopia Blog:
**https://endmyopia.org/unicorn-farming-nonsense-bates-method-no-glasses/
**https://endmyopia.org/keith-goes-back-wearing-glasses-2030-2010/
*Jake on YouTube: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s6l869wGyA8&t=4s Blur Adaptaion is Bad]
[[Category:Articles]]

Blur adaptation

2021-06-14T14:12:56Z

Viceroy Sam: + Blur Adaptaion is Bad video.

'''Blur adaptation''' is where someone has become used to lower levels of correction on either a psychological or physiological level.

It usually occurs after someone has been wearing significantly undercorrecting glasses, or no correction for long periods of time when they should have been wearing more correction.

{{#ev:youtube|3-Bam28FjWk||inline}}

==Avoiding Blur Adaptation==
There is no benefit to living in excessive blur, many people do this thinking that it will give them a larger capacity for improvement, and/or the ability to improve faster. This is not only ''not'' the case, but frequently the opposite of this notion is true and the excessive blur slows progress, if not stalling it altogether. It is highly important to be sure you are getting good stimulus by using [[correction]] that provides only a little blur that you can actively clear with [[active focus]]; and be sure to be mindful to clear that blur to avoid becoming accustomed to it's presence. Remember, correction is a tool, and EndMyopia principles require that correction is leveraged properly for improvement.

==Resolving Blur Adaptation==
If you are, or suspect you are, already blur adapted because you over reduced or even quit using correction; it is a good idea to address this issue first, before trying to move forward with EndMyopia. This usually means wearing full [[20/20 correction]] for a time to give the visual cortex a clarity reference. This might require a gradual increase to work your way up to that correction if you have been a long time without correction. For low myopes in particular intermittent use of correction, particularly in low light might be enough. [[Differentials]] should still be used, if you require them, but it is not a good idea to try to reduce to [[normalized]] before you have gotten in that time in the higher correction, a few weeks is likely all you need. Without that clear reference and sufficient correction you might have a very difficult time finding/using active focus. Without active focus your eyes are unlikely to improve.

{{#ev:youtube|s6l869wGyA8||inline}}

==See Also==

[[Guide:Not reducing too quickly]]

==References==
The EndMyopia Blog:

https://endmyopia.org/unicorn-farming-nonsense-bates-method-no-glasses/

https://endmyopia.org/keith-goes-back-wearing-glasses-2030-2010/

Jake on YouTube: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s6l869wGyA8&t=4s Blur Adaptaion is Bad]
[[Category:Articles]]

Blur horizon

2021-06-09T19:27:19Z

Viceroy Sam: /* Blur tools */ bold name

The '''blur horizon''' is the distance before objects in the distance start to become [[blur]]ry. It is also the better sounding version of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far_point far point].

Your blur horizon is primarily affected by the amount of correction you wear relative to the object you are trying to see.

==How blur horizon is applied==
===Differentials===
[[File:Blur Horizon Differentials.jpg|right|400px]]
'''For [[differentials]], the blur horizon is ''just enough to see the object''.'''

In most cases, this is a screen. By wearing differentials, you increase your blur horizon just to the point where you can see the screen clearly, but the rest of the world is still somewhat or very blurry without wearing stronger correction. This is perfectly fine and part of the plan - differentials are only meant to correct you for a set distance.
{{clear}}

===Normalized===
[[File:Blur Horizon Normalized.jpg|right|400px]]
'''For [[normalized]], the blur horizon is''' '''''nearly''''' '''unlimited'''.

Emphasis on '''''nearly''''' - it is crucial for the blur horizon to be slightly undercorrected and challenging your vision when compared to a full correction an [[optometrist]] is likely to give you. Being slightly undercorrected is perfect, as too much undercorrection will both stagnate improvements and cause you to [[blur adaptation|live in blur unnecessarily]].
{{clear}}

==Video==
Explanation video of diopter bubble, blur horizon and edge of blur.

{{#ev:youtube|Xg30ILCRF1o|||||start=105&end=253}}

==Blur tools==
* A '''blur simulator''' that could show [http://www.billauer.co.il/simulator.html what you see without glassess]
* '''Diopter visualiser''' of distance to blur https://anuwhub.github.io/MyopiaVisualiser/

==See also==
[https://endmyopia.org/frauenfeld-method-key-concepts-the-blur-horizon/ Blog article explaining the Blur Horizon]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Articles]]

Blur horizon

2021-06-09T19:24:04Z

Viceroy Sam: /* Blur simulator */ + tool

The '''blur horizon''' is the distance before objects in the distance start to become [[blur]]ry. It is also the better sounding version of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far_point far point].

Your blur horizon is primarily affected by the amount of correction you wear relative to the object you are trying to see.

==How blur horizon is applied==
===Differentials===
[[File:Blur Horizon Differentials.jpg|right|400px]]
'''For [[differentials]], the blur horizon is ''just enough to see the object''.'''

In most cases, this is a screen. By wearing differentials, you increase your blur horizon just to the point where you can see the screen clearly, but the rest of the world is still somewhat or very blurry without wearing stronger correction. This is perfectly fine and part of the plan - differentials are only meant to correct you for a set distance.
{{clear}}

===Normalized===
[[File:Blur Horizon Normalized.jpg|right|400px]]
'''For [[normalized]], the blur horizon is''' '''''nearly''''' '''unlimited'''.

Emphasis on '''''nearly''''' - it is crucial for the blur horizon to be slightly undercorrected and challenging your vision when compared to a full correction an [[optometrist]] is likely to give you. Being slightly undercorrected is perfect, as too much undercorrection will both stagnate improvements and cause you to [[blur adaptation|live in blur unnecessarily]].
{{clear}}

==Video==
Explanation video of diopter bubble, blur horizon and edge of blur.

{{#ev:youtube|Xg30ILCRF1o|||||start=105&end=253}}

==Blur tools==
* A '''blur simulator''' that could show [http://www.billauer.co.il/simulator.html what you see without glassess]
* Diopter Visualiser of distance to blur https://anuwhub.github.io/MyopiaVisualiser/

==See also==
[https://endmyopia.org/frauenfeld-method-key-concepts-the-blur-horizon/ Blog article explaining the Blur Horizon]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Articles]]

User talk:NottNott

2021-06-05T16:01:37Z

Viceroy Sam: /* Edit */ new section

{{DISPLAYTITLE:<span style="color:#e67e22">User talk:NottNott</span>}}
{{troutme}}
{{User:NottNott/notmywiki|right}}

<center>{{Talk header}}</center>
This is my talk page, where you can send me messages. Be sure to read [[EM:Talk pages]] before doing so!
{{clear}}
== EndMyopia Wiki: Launched! ==

Thanks to everyone who has done a terrific job on getting the wiki up to scratch. Definitely a team effort, and I think it's paid off quite nicely. Always more to be done, but the basics look pretty taken care of. Wiki's looking good. We're on the front page of the main site, it's been promoted in Facebook and there should be a video coming out at some point.

[[EM:admin guide|Admin specific]]: the next two to four weeks will be a good barometer of how much [[EM:vandalism|vandalism]] can be expected over time, and whether things need to be changed or not. I'm heavily in favour of keeping it 'create an account, make an edit', but if need be there can be additional restrictions.

Try to check in on [[Special:RecentChanges]] every once in a while to see if anything unsavoury is happening. I might be overestimating the amount of vandalism we'll get, we must wait and see. Don't be afraid to [[Special:Block|block users]] if necessary.

Cheers! {{User:NottNott/sig}} 08:53, 20 June 2020 (UTC)


== Help:Pictures ==

Suggest you make $wgAllowExternalImages false. Image hosts can and not infrequently do, convert all linked images to ads, porn or worse. It's only one line of config code for a host to replace all incoming links with a different image. [[User:Viceroy Sam|Viceroy Sam]] ([[User talk:Viceroy Sam|talk]]) 09:57, 24 June 2020 (UTC)
:{{re|Viceroy Sam}} {{Tobedone}} Okay, will do. I have rough concerns in how it can be abused for sure. -[[User:NottNott|<span style="color:#e67e22">NottNott</span>]] <small>([[User talk:NottNott|talk]])</small> 10:07, 24 June 2020 (UTC)
:{{re|Viceroy Sam}} {{done}} -[[User:NottNott|<span style="color:#e67e22">NottNott</span>]] <small>([[User talk:NottNott|talk]])</small> 11:42, 24 June 2020 (UTC)

== Errors on page ==

Math display errors on [[Optics related math]]. [[User:Viceroy Sam|Viceroy Sam]] ([[User talk:Viceroy Sam|talk]]) 13:05, 17 October 2020 (UTC)
:{{re|Viceroy Sam}} Purging the cache of the page fixed the problem {{smiley}} -[[User:NottNott|<span style="color:#e67e22">NottNott</span>]] <small>([[User talk:NottNott|talk]])</small> 14:09, 17 October 2020 (UTC)

== Essential? ==

: Re [[Explainer talk:The Eyesight Improvement Equation|The Eyesight Improvement Equation]]. [[User:Viceroy Sam|Viceroy Sam]] ([[User talk:Viceroy Sam|talk]]) 11:02, 24 October 2020 (UTC)

== Page footer ==

The page footer on this wiki wants to be stonger worded. Maybe like the Wikipedia footer "By using this site, you agree to the [https://endmyopia.org/terms-conditions/ Terms of Use] and [https://endmyopia.org/privacy-policy/ Privacy Policy]". [[User:Viceroy Sam|Viceroy Sam]] ([[User talk:Viceroy Sam|talk]]) 14:51, 22 March 2021 (UTC)
:{{re|Viceroy Sam}} {{done|Doneish}}, no preamble, but hard links to the things where there were originally none. -[[User:NottNott|<span style="color:#e67e22">NottNott</span>]] <small>([[User talk:NottNott|talk]])</small> 17:21, 22 March 2021 (UTC)
::Excellent fast work. Could [https://endmyopia.org/terms-conditions/ Terms of Use] be added to the mobile footer. [[User:Viceroy Sam|Viceroy Sam]] ([[User talk:Viceroy Sam|talk]]) 22:44, 22 March 2021 (UTC)
:::{{re|Viceroy Sam}} {{done}} -[[User:NottNott|<span style="color:#e67e22">NottNott</span>]] <small>([[User talk:NottNott|talk]])</small> 23:29, 22 March 2021 (UTC)

== Forum ==

Could you update the image use on [[EndMyopia Forum]]. [[User:Viceroy Sam|Viceroy Sam]] ([[User talk:Viceroy Sam|talk]]) 17:19, 31 May 2021 (UTC)
:{{re|Viceroy Sam}} {{done}} -[[User:NottNott|<span style="color:#e67e22">NottNott</span>]] <small>([[User talk:NottNott|talk]])</small> 19:48, 31 May 2021 (UTC)

== Edit ==

[https://wiki.endmyopia.org/index.php?title=Help:How_to_contribute&curid=499&diff=14889&oldid=13990 Overreaction much??] [[User:Viceroy Sam|Viceroy Sam]] ([[User talk:Viceroy Sam|talk]]) 16:01, 5 June 2021 (UTC)

User talk:NottNott

2021-05-31T17:19:04Z

Viceroy Sam: /* Forum */ new section

Endmyopia:Neutral point of view

2021-05-31T17:15:48Z

Viceroy Sam: #redirect EndMyopia:Our point of view

#redirect [[EndMyopia:Our point of view]]

Endmyopia:What EM is not

2021-05-31T17:14:03Z

Viceroy Sam: #redirect EndMyopia:Not a web host

#redirect [[EndMyopia:Not a web host]]

Lens reduction method

2021-05-31T17:11:09Z

Viceroy Sam: #redirect EndMyopia_Wiki

#redirect [[EndMyopia_Wiki]]

Vision improvement

2021-05-31T17:10:57Z

Viceroy Sam: #redirect EndMyopia_Wiki

#redirect [[EndMyopia_Wiki]]

Is myopia hereditary

2021-05-31T17:09:13Z

Viceroy Sam: #redirect Frequently_Asked_Questions/Myopia/Quotes#Axial_elongation

#redirect [[Frequently_Asked_Questions/Myopia/Quotes#Axial_elongation]]

Is myopia genetic

2021-05-31T17:08:48Z

Viceroy Sam: #redirect Frequently_Asked_Questions/Myopia/Quotes#Axial_elongation

#redirect [[Frequently_Asked_Questions/Myopia/Quotes#Axial_elongation]]

How to find active focus

2021-05-31T17:07:13Z

Viceroy Sam: #Redirect Guide:How_to_find_Active_Focus

#Redirect [[Guide:How_to_find_Active_Focus]]

What are the steps

2021-05-31T17:06:15Z

Viceroy Sam: #redirect Explainer:The_Eyesight_Improvement_Equation

#redirect [[Explainer:The_Eyesight_Improvement_Equation]]

Does Endmyopia work

2021-05-31T17:04:57Z

Viceroy Sam: #redirect Frequently_Asked_Questions/Skepticism#Is_it_really_possible_to_fix_myopia.3F

#redirect [[Frequently_Asked_Questions/Skepticism#Is_it_really_possible_to_fix_myopia.3F]]

What is normalized

2021-05-31T17:02:05Z

Viceroy Sam: ce

#redirect [[Normalized]]

What is normalized

2021-05-31T17:01:52Z

Viceroy Sam: #redirect [[Normalized]

#redirect [[Normalized]

What is differentials

2021-05-31T17:01:18Z

Viceroy Sam: #redirect Differentials

#redirect [[Differentials]]

Student content for new members

2021-04-29T13:33:06Z

Viceroy Sam: /* Where to begin */ WHAT GLASSES TO USE FOR BETTER VISION

'''There are many EndMyopia students who have shared their vision improvement journeys on their YouTube channels. It is encouraging to hear their stories and celebrate their gains with them. For a list of student channels look [https://wiki.endmyopia.org/wiki/List:Community_YouTubers here] Some students even go the extra mile to help the newest members to the method navigate the bumps and turns encountered as they set out on their own journey. This alphabetical by username (first name) list is certainly not complete but should direct you to some such content sorted by subject.



==Where to begin==
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nOS7Z8Ta0yw Gemily Mez] and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XPIGDSY_xBs NottNott]
{{#ev:youtube|nOS7Z8Ta0yw||inline}} {{#ev:youtube|XPIGDSY_xBs||inline}} {{#ev:youtube|bqje2hJ7mhs||inline}}

==Introduction to the community==
Introduction to the EndMyopia community
{{#ev:youtube|AEk7I-KbKhM||inline}}

==A students' take on the keys to succeed==
One student's take on the keys to succeed: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XK2eYrtnRlo&t=16s Reannon]

{{#ev:youtube|XK2eYrtnRlo||inline|||start=16}}

==Active Focus==
On "[[Active Focus]]":
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tDrF5j9p5mQ&t=0s Dave Marchik], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7BvHDvrk0dQ Gemily Mez], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vwlbCcu87cA Matt Ely] specifically on print pushing with [[differentials]],
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MWF3dlmDThM&t=0s Michele Zucchi] and
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4gZFavsmmIQ Reannon].
{{#ev:youtube|tDrF5j9p5mQ||inline}} {{#ev:youtube|7BvHDvrk0dQ ||inline}}
{{#ev:youtube|vwlbCcu87cA ||inline}} {{#ev:youtube|MWF3dlmDThM||inline}}
{{#ev:youtube|4gZFavsmmIQ ||inline}}

==Patching==
On [[patching]]:
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gOPG2unbipM Gemily Mez] and
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCafQB4O5f4 Reannon] with tag-in method.

==Over reducing and blur adaptation==
On warning against over reducing and [[blur adaptation]]:
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RSj9A78mT7M NottNott 1] and
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9x71xflgb8M NottNott 2]

==Measurement==
On [[measurement]]: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HBsjw5nBrr8 Gemily Mez], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ZmmJRYoHqw Matt] and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QyF5J6-BJZI&t=29s Reannon]

On setting up your [[Snellen chart]] chart: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kgqv9M4mtkw Gemily Mez]

==Habits==
On [[habits]]:
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pGsBjJmwyW0 Angie Hepp],
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1VmCRVqbk28 Gemily Mez],
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1hAOv3dcUok Matt Ely] and
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5op-fLx7K8s&t=4s Reannon]

==Dealing with screen time==
Addressing concerns over being required to be on screens:
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ZmmJRYoHqw Matt]

Focus Games for Kids

2021-04-22T15:58:34Z

Viceroy Sam: /* See also */ Tidy layout.

==Active Focus==
[[Active Focus]] is a difficult concept to convey, even more so to children. For this reason we largely stick to encouraging children to engage with their vision in the most natural way possible; through play. Keep in mind that tracking motion is a great means to engage with vision, and shifting focus is highly important as well. What is most important is that you find things your child will want to do, if their vision improvement journey becomes a chore they are less likely to participate.

You know your child best, consider their interests and be creative. Just being away from that static close up distance is a great start, so things like swimming, fishing, hiking and playing on the playground are good. The more your child is engaged with their vision the better. Engaging with distance vision is what improves distance vision.

==Activities to engage vision==
Bird spotting, animal watching, kite flying, remote controls, I-spy, counting games (leaves, flower pedals, how many of a predetermined number or letter they can spot on a walk or drive through town etc), star gazing,light bug spotting, finding shapes in the clouds, and all kinds of sports.

Literally every sport engages vision at various distances and requires some motion tracking and detail in vision, but if you are having trouble getting the proverbial ball rolling here is a short list: soccer, football, badminton, frisbee, tag, catch, baseball, basketball, biking, bowling, golf, archery, darts and all sorts of target type games, tennis, ping pong, ring toss, bean bag toss and other similar games and naturally the list could go on for quite sometime.

==Engaging your child in their stimulus==
Have a craft time and create visual aids with your child. Pick something your child likes and make 6 to 10 of them with one or two small detail variables and turn them into magnets. For example butterflies with varying numbers of spots, flowers with different numbers of pedals, monsters with different numbers of eyes or arms, wheels with different numbers of spokes, their favorite character with different expressions, make it personal to your child. Now you have an engaging set of visual aids that you can rearrange on the fridge. This could make for a great way to spot test vision without adding the anxiety of measuring officially.

==Spotter games==
If you are feeling particularly brave you could play a blindfold game. You could take turns with your child, though them being the eyes is the point. You would submit to being blindfolded and get your child to describe in detail everything they see. You can ask questions to encourage them to be more attentive to details. If you are not feeling brave enough for the blindfold and you are myopic, wear your lower correction (or none) and have them 'help' you active focus by describing the details they can see. Most kids are competitive enough to find such a game very engaging if they are working from the notion their younger, superior, eyes are giving them an advantage, besides that this will positively reinforce a desire for them to see well. You can make the details of the game line up with your child's interests. This game is also an opportunity for you to gain insight into how your child views their world.

==Conclusion==
Overall the point is not to get your child to try to force focus, just engage with their vision, if they have better vision habits and a genuine desire to see well because they are engaged with an activity, their eyes will do the rest. It is important to discourage squinting and blinking unnaturally hard in order to clear blur. These are both bad habits to form and difficult to break. The eyes will focus on their own, with incentive and opportunity. The incentive being something they want to see and the opportunity being a manageable amount of blur.

==See also==
* [[Child Myopia]]
* [[Guide:My Child Has Myopia|Guide for child Myopia]]

7 day guide

2021-04-21T11:35:02Z

Viceroy Sam: #Redirect Seven day free email guide

#Redirect [[Seven day free email guide]]

User talk:Lloydmom

2021-04-21T05:24:00Z

Viceroy Sam:

==Welcome to EndMyopia Wiki! 👓==
Lloydmom, welcome to EndMyopia Wiki.

Our goal is '''the best vision improvement encyclopedia possible'''. EndMyopia receives quite a lot of [[EM:user traffic|user traffic]], many people wanting information. On [[EM:social media|social media]] plenty of questions are asked about vision improvement. Hopefully, the wiki can develop into a really useful resource for newcomers and experienced members alike.

More guidance here:
*[[Help:How to contribute]] if you are unsure how to edit wiki articles
*[[EM:Policies]] for important information on the way articles are written here

If you have any questions about editing the wiki, you can message anyone [[EM:Welcome|on this list]]. You'll get a response in the [[forum]] or [[discord server]] as well. If there are any suggestions for overall wiki changes, see the [[EM:Village pump|village pump]]. Happy editing! 🧾

-- [[User:NottNott|<span style="color:#e67e22">NottNott</span>]] <small>([[User talk:NottNott|talk]])</small> 14:37, 29 August 2020 (UTC)

Are you aware of the [[Guide:My Child Has Myopia]]? [[User:Viceroy Sam|Viceroy Sam]] ([[User talk:Viceroy Sam|talk]]) 05:24, 21 April 2021 (UTC)

Guide:My Child Has Myopia

2021-04-21T05:23:01Z

Viceroy Sam: /* See Also */ + * Child Myopia * Focus Games for Kids

==Welcome==
Your kid is very lucky to have you, a parent that goes above and beyond what the doctor says and does their own research. Many parents are concerned that they only see adults on the forums, and wonder if EndMyopia works for kids. The great news is that most of the science that EndMyopia is based on was done on young and growing animals and children, the work on adults is actually more experimental. If your kid is still growing, they have a better chance of rapid improvement than adults, especially if they've just gotten their first glasses prescription.

==Most kids are born [[Hyperopic]]==
When your child first opened his/her eyes, they were probably farsighted. As they grow, the eye lengthens, and they become closer and closer to perfect vision. This growth reacts to stimulus it is given, and tunes your child's eyesight for the task distance they do most. If they spend time with screens, books, and table-top crafts, their eyesight will become tuned for those things, very functional at close range, but not very good at distance vision. If they spend more time outdoors, looking at scenery, or doing sports, their eyesight will become tuned for those things, more functional at distance, and needing ciliary muscles to do a little work for close tasks.

Children born premature or with myopia inducing conditions may be born myopic. Consult your doctor if your child is not following normal development.

==It starts as Pseudomyopia==
''See full article: [[Pseudomyopia]]''

If your child does some near and some far work, they might still have some issues with distance vision beyond what their eye length alone would cause. Pseudomyopia is when the ciliary muscle gets cramped while doing near work, and can not fully relax for distance vision. Pseudomyopia may be all that is going on with your child's first troubles with distance vision, and is much more easily fixed than true myopia. (But the steps you need to take are the same.)

==It's more than just Pseudomyopia==
Maybe you went ahead and got the glasses a few years ago when the doctor said to, maybe your child has progressed beyond pseudomyopia and you're concerned about continued progression. Don't worry, it's not too late. Start with the same habits, the same program, and your child has a very good chance of literally growing out of it, as long as they continue to grow they can see more rapid results from good habits than an adult.

==The first three habits==

* Only wear glasses when they are needed. If your child is not in school, and they can participate in all their activities without glasses, just put the glasses away. Talk to the teacher about putting your child up in the front row and testing his/her eyesight on the types of materials the teacher puts on the board, and see if they can do without glasses at school. If they do need glasses for school, emphasize that they are only for use with the board. If your child is too young to manage their glasses, and the teacher can't/won't help them manage them, bifocals with a reading lens or no-power lens in the bottom may be an option.
* Get outside. Get your kid involved in any hobby you can think of that involves distance vision. If you have a safe yard or a good neighborhood porch grannie you might just do the old fashioned thing and kick them out of the house until dinner, although the modern parent may feel comfortable with signing up for sports activities.
* Minimize near work. School work has to be done, but they can take breaks to minimize strain. Leisure activities should though either involve moving focus or focus at at least six feet (two meters). If you can, eliminate handheld devices from their routine.

==Follow the Guide==
All the same steps for adults apply to children, although you may have to be creative about motivating kids. You know your child best and how to redirect them. Read the guide for adults and kids: [[Guide:Start your improvement here]].

===Active Focus===
Kids might not want to "active focus" but they may enjoy some distance vision activities and games. [[Active focus]] can be a natural consequence of participating in distance activities and wanting to see a little further, it doesn't have to be a drill done on street signs.

====Distance Vision Activity Suggestions for Children====
* Outdoor sports
* Stargazing
* Cloud gazing
* Model rockets
* Paper airplane flying
* Bird Watching (place bird feeder at least 20 feet from the window if doing this from inside. Outdoors is better.)
* Hiking
* Picnics (This doesn't have to be fancy, lunch on the balcony gives plenty of opportunity to look around at distant objects while eating.)
* Playgrounds
* Line dancing
* "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_spy I Spy]"
* Painting Scenery and distant objects
* Podcasts in the hammock/on the balcony (Use a limited function device so this doesn't become screen time.)
* Archery

===Measuring edge of blur===
''Related [[Cm Measurement]]''

Pre-lingual or developmentally delayed children may have trouble telling you what they see. The optometrist is going to have similar issues doing a standard manifest refraction. The optometrist can do an auto-refraction test or retinoscopy, but results may still be over-prescribed if your child can not follow instructions to focus on the target. These measurements from the optometrist can though serve as a starting place for your child. Start by calculating [[differentials]] from this measurement, and get glasses for your child. Give the glasses to your child for some near work activity they enjoy and observe their posture and behavior. Are they pulling the book close? Are they participating in the activity longer or shorter than usual? You can then try small changes up or down, and see if your child seems more comfortable holding their books or coloring at a healthy distance. Once they have comfortable differentials, you can back-calculate their [[normalized]].

==What about this treatment my doctor recommended?==
Only you know your risk/reward tolerance. The conventional treatments do show promise of slowing myopia progression, but not stopping it, and not reversing it. EndMyopia does not yet have long term studies to gauge effectiveness, but it has worked for many people, and the science definitely backs up that minus lenses on growing youth causes more myopia, which all the conventional treatments will include. Read up on the known side effects of the proposed treatment and make your decision. (Please do read multiple sources and not just these short summaries.)
* Atropine - a chemical that paralyzes both the ciliary and pupil. Although it does partially relax the ciliary, your child may have trouble with seeing near work and with bright outdoor lighting.
* Multifocal contacts - Gives some of the benefits of bifocals, but can be difficult for a child to manage safely, and comes with a risk of eye infection and corneal thinning.
* Ortho K - reshapes the cornea at night for temporary good distance vision during the day. Waning eyesight over the course of the day makes this less harmful than all day full correction, but they're still wearing full correction in the morning. Has all the same risks as multifocal contacts.
* Bifocals - This is one of the more promising treatments for children too young to manage taking glasses on and off, but may cause physical and social awkwardness as they can not see clearly out of the whole lens, which affects their ability to use peripheral vision and requires them to look around more to see less than even a child in regular glasses.
* Separate reading glasses, or directives to only wear glasses for distance work - Hey, sounds like you have a promising doc, [[:Category:Community|we'd love to hear more]] about him.

==See Also==
* Jake Rants about Atropine: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cylh7gwXOUY
* [[Child Myopia]]
* [[Focus Games for Kids]]

[[Category:Guides]]

Community YouTubers Embedded

2021-04-20T14:53:10Z

Viceroy Sam: /* Natalie Rose */ update with 1 year progress report.

__NOTOC__
Here is a list in alphabetical order of many community members who have created YouTube videos about EndMyopia.

==YouTubers 📽==
<onlyinclude>

=== Alex Wharton ===
{{#ev:youtube|PwC9y4WKZ7o||inline}}{{#ev:youtube|lHJjOTaayF4||inline}}

=== Angie Hepp ===
{{#ev:youtube|TKE9dXVwceo||inline}}{{#ev:youtube|hslVaNXpuN0||inline}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLY8KOU-K955PDoMnjXUbaPkxbOg3tNpK_ Angies's Natural Vision Improvement channel]

=== AngriestCat ===
{{#ev:youtube|fDUQMS-WAa8||inline}}

=== Benal Ertürk ===
{{#ev:youtube|eVA3mo4HVO4||inline}}{{#ev:youtube|kkxxPzAFpOI||inline}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmtkp2Q_hNCcrCvqWNEMlYQ Benal's channel]

=== Beneficial info ===
{{#ev:youtube|Ypi1xy_TmGo||inline}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtJob3DtshKLIwObgZLVtFw Beneficial's channel]

=== Bob Sharpe ===
{{#ev:youtube|3JqfPdlomf4||inline}}

=== Cahlen Lee ===
{{#ev:youtube|xjDUJ5tyYP0||inline}}

=== Cliffgnu ===
{{#ev:youtube|V2hrNpI7Mt4||inline}}{{#ev:youtube|7IDeUY4xR8M||inline}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/user/cliffgnu/videos Cliff's channel]

=== Daisy ===
{{#ev:youtube|Hx4Y4DgMTDQ||inline}}

=== Dave Marchik ===
{{#ev:youtube|4FmlW6JG3Ws||inline}}

=== Douce Frugalité ===
{{#ev:youtube|dOxELxR77k8||inline}}

=== Gemily Mez ===
{{#ev:youtube|_78Ofi4Qzvo||inline}}{{#ev:youtube|ODP77ZWgR1k||inline}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtRj3j4HsDqNFbhLBBYtVPw Gemily's channel]

=== Jaanus Vogelberg ===
{{#ev:youtube|JnLAFP4193A||inline}}

=== Jake Steiner ===
{{#ev:youtube|xU6mJr16huk||inline}}{{#ev:youtube|srBU11ZuaG8||inline}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/c/EndMyopia Jake's channel]

=== Laurens Buhler ===
{{#ev:youtube|zzl9pM2gpUA||inline}}

=== Leah Huyghe ===
{{#ev:youtube|tvfMNURodu4||inline}}{{#ev:youtube|I8aahk4twNE||inline}}

=== Make MyDay ===
{{#ev:youtube|IMG1vxt8dy0||inline}}

=== Martin Faulks ===
{{#ev:youtube|QRfFDpi4d9c||inline}}{{#ev:youtube|c7MgMqI4mgc||inline}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2O9PIqMNn7OtKR3xW3b53z9L52nobMNk Martin's Improving Eyesight channel]

=== Matt Ely ===
{{#ev:youtube|zdUnPULjU6w||inline}}{{#ev:youtube|w0qyfeVwtsU||inline}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCH6-Z7aexbQbA7Yq_9LBvsg Matt's channel]

=== Michele Zucchi ===
{{#ev:youtube|WtY8ja0veRM||inline}}{{#ev:youtube|eMaYAdKMaxM||inline}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCweA0VUyyRiiECESUcB_FcA Michele's channel]

=== Natalie Rose ===
{{#ev:youtube|E82Y3CgQQVQ||inline}}{{#ev:youtube|n2ku6gJ3z7E||inline}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCoWAdmmHJaV4KrLeCnGdAiQ Natalie's channel]

=== Neil Doerdan ===
{{#ev:youtube|fv1h4oZervI||inline}}{{#ev:youtube|3ypjXj5nlo8||inline}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_DmwX1R01L8T-nwa6N0HAA/videos Neil's channel]

=== NottNott ===
{{#ev:youtube|Y2_uPcNsqJM||inline}}{{#ev:youtube|XiRwyjPSSzs||inline}}
* [[YouTuber:NottNott|NottNott]]
* [https://www.youtube.com/c/NottNott NottNott's channel]

=== Reannon ===
{{#ev:youtube|cV_EpyRCp_c||inline}}{{#ev:youtube|GiO5NM6_Q2s||inline}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHkyr8O-4jeRM2cvAOQKbFw Reannon's channel]

=== Sean Skelton ===
{{#ev:youtube|dIlV3vD2tEs||inline}}{{#ev:youtube|4LkKg3r_jeo||inline}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjLhL-872WdZ43oqEroHa3A Sean's Channel]

=== Shelly S ===
{{#ev:youtube|sciKzJ8UEYc||inline}}

=== Steven Kraft ===
{{#ev:youtube|yCphdrcKThI||inline}}{{#ev:youtube|9t11mM39g4U||inline}}

=== Viodhora ===
{{#ev:youtube|acysvPF7lcg||inline}}{{#ev:youtube|mp8PeFirmmk||inline}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIlairMIm1tahx44PHtsq-A Viodhora's channel]

</onlyinclude>
== Related YouTubers ==
The following are non-community lens reduction method YouTubers
===Todd Becker M.S.===
{{#ev:youtube|x5Efg42-Qn0||inline}}

===Otie Brown===
{{#ev:youtube|a7p6vX2TQkg||inline}}

=== Adrian Tepez ===
{{#ev:youtube|vzA1NLVPRfs||inline}}

[[Category:Community]]

EndMyopia Wiki/content

2021-04-15T11:12:21Z

Viceroy Sam: /* Glasses (yes, you need them to fix your eyes) */ add alternative for jargon words.

{{resize|200%|Click 'Purge' (under 'More' on the default skin, Vector) on the main page to see your changes there.}}
=Intro=
<section begin=intro/>
<nomobile>[[File:Endmyopia-transparent-glow.png|right|400px|link=]]</nomobile><mobileonly><div style="margin-top:20px; margin-bottom:10px;">[[File:Endmyopia-transparent-glow.png|center|300px|link=]]</div></mobileonly>
[[EndMyopia]] is based on the premise that '''[[myopia|near-sightedness]] is just a [[refractive state]], and not an irreversible condition''', as has been demonstrated in [[Moved:Improvement cases|countless improvement cases]] over many years. Many students have managed to completely reverse their myopia and regain [[20/20 eyesight]].

EndMyopia does not exist as a quick-fix money-making scheme, and although there is a [[BackTo20/20|paid course]], it is entirely optional when it comes to improving your eyesight. All information is freely available in the blog articles on [[Moved:Endmyopia.org|endmyopia.org]] and the [[EndMyopia YouTube channel]].
:''Reasonable suspicion should be involved while reading. Read some third party [[clinical studies]], don't [[Guide:How_to_doubt_EndMyopia|blindly believe]] eyesight improvement just from us or some other source, do some research.''

You may be interested in the [[EndMyopia Forum]], [[Discord server]] or [[EndMyopia Facebook Group|Facebook group]].
<u>{{resize|120%|{{center|'''[[Legal:No medical advice|EndMyopia does not provide medical advice]].'''}}}}</u>{{#ifsysop:{{right|{{resize|140%|You're seeing this message because you're an admin. Edit the main page at [[EndMyopia Wiki/content]]}}}}|}}<section end=intro/>

=Wiki stuff=
<section begin=wiki/>
The wiki is [[EM:CC BY-SA 4.0|free to use and share]] and is written by contributors like you. Most [[EndMyopia:Why_you_should_edit|editors]] have had some degree of success in improving their eyesight, otherwise they wouldn't have any interest in writing an entire wiki ;)

'''Wow, there are already {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles and {{NUMBEROFEDITS}} edits.'''

'''So far {{NUMREALUSERS}} [[Special:ListUsers|users]] are registered. [[Special:CreateAccount|Create an account here]]'''.
===Wiki Feedback===
We need your feedback! Tell us what content you want improved. See [[EM:Wiki Feedback|Wiki Feedback]].

[[EM:User traffic|User traffic to wiki]]
<section end=wiki/>

=FAQ and Glossary=
<section begin=faq/>
{{resize|120%|'''[[Frequently Asked Questions/FFAQ|Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)]]'''}}

{{resize|120%|'''[[EndMyopia Glossary]]'''}}

{{resize|120%|'''[[Clinical Studies|Clinical studies about myopia progression and vision improvement]]'''}}
<section end=faq/>

=Concepts & Resources=
<section begin=concepts/>
==Concepts==
======Glasses <small>(yes, you need them to fix your eyes)</small>======
* [[Differentials]] (close-up or computer use glasses)
* [[Normalized]] (normal use glasses)

======Challenging the blur======
* [[Active Focus]]
* [[Blur horizon]]

======Measurement======
* [[Measurement]]
* [[Diopters]]
* [[Snellen Chart]]
* [[Optics related math]]
* [[Varakari's Vision Log Tool]]

======Why your eyesight is bad in the first place======
* [[Pseudomyopia]]
* [[Lens Induced Myopia]]
* [[Overprescription]]

======Other======
* [[Pupillary Distance]]

==Resources==
{{Resources list}}
==Community==
* [[The Shortsighted Podcast by primary theme]]
* [[List:Community YouTubers|Community YouTubers]]
* [[Community:Resources for content creators|Resources for EM content creators 💝]]
<section end=concepts/>

=Guides & Explainers=
<section begin=guides/>
==Guides==
=====Get started=====
* [[Guide:Start your improvement here|Start your improvement here]]
* [[Explainer:Read first|Read first]]
* [[Explainer:No diopter specific advice|No diopter specific advice]]
* [[Guide:How to ask for support|How to ask for support]]

=====Main ideas=====
* [[Guide:How to find Active Focus|How to find Active Focus]]
* [[Guide:Reducing differentials|Reducing differentials]]
* [[Guide:Reducing normalized|Reducing normalized]]
=====Prescriptions & Measurements=====
* [[Guide:Reading glasses prescriptions|How to read prescriptions]]
* [[Guide:How to measure your eyesight|How to measure your eyesight]]

==Explainers==
* [[Explainer:The Eyesight Improvement Equation|The Eyesight Improvement Equation]]
* [[Explainer:Why myopia gets worse over time|Why myopia gets worse over time]]
* [[Explainer:Why early improvements are so fast|Why early improvements are so fast]]
==Reviews==
* [[Lens seller|Buying glasses and lenses]]

==Community-written projects==
''Community-written musings on EndMyopia and vision improvement. You can write one too!''
*{{larger|[[Community:Writings|Community Writings]]}}
**[[Project AF|How to find Active Focus]]
**[[Project STARTING|Starting EndMyopia]]
**[[Project MISC|Miscellaneous Writings]]
<section end=guides/>

=Joke articles=
<section begin=joke/>
Oops we wrote some [[:Category:joke articles|'''joke articles''']] as well. {{resize|70%|These probably won't fix your eyesight?}}
<section end=joke/>
=EM newbies=
<section begin=newbies/>
{| style="width: 50px; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto;"
|{{#ev:youtube|AEk7I-KbKhM|450}}
|}
<section end=newbies/>
=Contributing=
<section begin=contributing/>
<nomobile>[[File:Adorable cute kitten tapping on Macbook.gif|right|250px]]</nomobile>
* Read [[EM:EDIT|some of the reasons you should edit]]
* Make all changes that <font color="#777777">'''you '''</font>think will improve the wiki. If in doubt, [[EM:Be bold|'''make the change''']]
* Search for existing articles before making redlinks to articles that already exist
* Check out '''[[Help:how to contribute|how to contribute]]''' or the '''[[Help:video tutorial|video tutorial]]''' for guidance
'''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rph_1DODXDU Be excellent to each other, party on dudes]'''
{{Editing navbox}}
<section end=contributing/>

Differentials

2021-04-12T12:36:53Z

Viceroy Sam: glasses or lenses. ce two sentences.

[[File:Microsoft Cloud Event Dublin, upclose with graphs.jpg|thumb|Without ''differentials'', you're on the path to ever increasing prescriptions and will get nowhere with vision improvement :(]]
'''Differentials'''([[EM:JARGON|jargon]]), (''close up'', ''computer use'' or ''diffs'') are reduced strength glasses or lenses for [[close-up|close up activity]]. They have a lower correction than your [[normalized]] lenses, the difference between them is usually between 1 and 2 [[diopters]].<ref>{{cite jake|https://endmyopia.org/faq-items/what-is-the-differential-prescription/|What is the differential prescription?}}</ref><ref name=ChooseReduction>{{cite jake|https://endmyopia.org/choose-reduced-glasses-prescription-differential-close-friendly-glasses/|How To Choose A Reduced Glasses Prescription (Differential / Close-Up Friendly Glasses)}}</ref>

==Low Myopia==
People with myopia of -2 D and lower do not typically need to wear differentials (because with -2 D your distance till blur should be around 50cm - far enough to see your screen with sufficient clarity).

==First Differentials==
The first differentials are typically 1.5D weaker than your [[Measurement]] for full distance vision. If you have -0.25 to -0.75D of cylinder, you have the option of dropping that and having the sphere only 1.25D weaker.

See [[Lens#How to use Contacts with EM|How to use Contacts with EM]] if you wear contacts.

==Adjusting Differentials==
Ideally your differentials give you a small amount of blur at your daily near work. The nature of your work, the distance to your work, and your [[refractive state]] and [[cylinder]] dependence are all factors in choosing your differentials. The ideal distance for near work is not closer than 50cms. You may get your first differentials and discover you have a headache and you really shouldn't have dropped cylinder. You may find that your work is pretty close or really far and you need to adjust the strength up or down. You may find that you really need detailed vision to do your work and you'll settle for slowing progression with your differentials and do your blur challenge for improvement in your off hours. This is the first place in the program where you really need to start understanding what you're tinkering with and make personalized diopter specific choices.

==Why are differentials worn?==
The primary stimulus for [[axial elongation]] of the eyeball is [[hyperopic defocus]], which occurs when someone:
* Is engaged in close-up activity
* Wears more correction than they need to when seeing the object that is close up.

Differentials allow the wearer to wear ''just what they need to'', to see up close. This removes the stimulus of hyperopic defocus, and stops eyes from getting more myopic. In a sense, it's a [[quick fix]]. {{wink}}

It's fairly easy to stop [[Lens-induced myopia]] from progressing, by just wearing differentials. The axial length of the eye does not randomly change by itself, it only changes in response to [[stimulus]].

== Habits ==
It's useful to apply the [[20-20-20 rule]] when engaging in close up.

== See also ==
* [[Guide:Reducing differentials]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Articles]]

Normalized

2021-04-12T12:33:38Z

Viceroy Sam: remove italics, identify more jargon, add alternatives.

'''Normalized'''([[EM:JARGON|jargon]]) (normal use or distance) are glasses that are slightly reduced from a [[20/20 correction]]. Normalized are used along with [[distance vision]] as the '''primary [[stimulus]]''' to improve eyesight.

Normalized reduce the [[blur horizon]] by just enough to give good stimulus, but definitely not enough to make the world significantly blurry. A good pair of normalized allow the wearer to continue their daily activities without any difference for the most part - an exception may be night time driving, in which a higher correction is a very good choice. (Always ensure your eyesight meets the minimum legal requirement while driving.) Normalized induce a small amount of [[myopic defocus]], which has been shown to reduce axial length in a clinical study.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Read |first=Scott A. |last2=Collins |first2=Michael J. |last3=Sander |first3=Beata P. |date=December 2010 |title=Human Optical Axial Length and Defocus |url=https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2126435 |journal=Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science}}</ref>

== How do I reduce normalized for the first time? ==
When you're starting out with EndMyopia, '''you will likely have a lot of [[ciliary spasm]] and eye strain'''. Lucky you! This means [[Explainer:Why early gains are so fast|your early rate of improvement will be staggeringly high]], before it plateaus and you enter the long game of much slower improvements.

The golden rule with all of EndMyopia: [[Guide:Not reducing too quickly|don't reduce too quickly]]. It is recommended that you reduce no more than 0.25 diopters from correction you can see 20/20 with. This gives plenty of good stimulus and blur challenge for the majority of moderate myopes. If your myopia is higher (7 diopter+), you may consider doing a 0.5 reduction. But in general '''there are no benefits to reducing more quickly''', and most of the time reducing too quickly will lead to problems than faster progress. Take your time!

Jake recommends starting with differentials, and using normalized 4–6 weeks later after starting differentials.<ref>{{cite jake|https://endmyopia.org/pro-topic-differential-now-normalized-in-4-6-weeks/|Pro Topic: Differential Now, Normalized In 4-6 Weeks}}</ref> In general, never reduce more than 1 diopter for your first pair of normalized, from the correction you were using before EndMyopia. In the early stages of vision improvement, your goal will be to find [[Active Focus]], and correcting your distance vision habits so that you can get the stimulus you need to improve your eyesight.

The best way to introduce a normalized reduction is with a "[[zero diopter reset]]".

== See also ==
[[Guide:Reducing normalized]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Articles]]

Differentials

2021-04-08T11:51:57Z

Viceroy Sam: jargon

[[File:Microsoft Cloud Event Dublin, upclose with graphs.jpg|thumb|Without ''differentials'', you're on the path to ever increasing prescriptions and will get nowhere with vision improvement :(]]
'''Differentials'''([[EM:JARGON|jargon]]), (''close up'', ''computer use'' or ''diffs'') are reduced strength glasses for [[close-up|close up activity]]. They have a lower correction than your [[normalized]] lenses that allows you to see clearly only up to the screen. The difference between [[normalized]] and differential lenses is usually between 1 and 2 [[diopters]].<ref>{{cite jake|https://endmyopia.org/faq-items/what-is-the-differential-prescription/|What is the differential prescription?}}</ref><ref name=ChooseReduction>{{cite jake|https://endmyopia.org/choose-reduced-glasses-prescription-differential-close-friendly-glasses/|How To Choose A Reduced Glasses Prescription (Differential / Close-Up Friendly Glasses)}}</ref>

==Low Myopia==
People with myopia of -2 D and lower do not typically need to wear differentials (because with -2 D your distance till blur should be around 50cm - far enough to see your screen with sufficient clarity).

==First Differentials==
The first differentials are typically 1.5D weaker than your [[Measurement]] for full distance vision. If you have -0.25 to -0.75D of cylinder, you have the option of dropping that and having the sphere only 1.25D weaker.

See [[Lens#How to use Contacts with EM|How to use Contacts with EM]] if you wear contacts.

==Adjusting Differentials==
Ideally your differentials give you a small amount of blur at your daily near work. The nature of your work, the distance to your work, and your [[refractive state]] and [[cylinder]] dependence are all factors in choosing your differentials. The ideal distance for near work is not closer than 50cms. You may get your first differentials and discover you have a headache and you really shouldn't have dropped cylinder. You may find that your work is pretty close or really far and you need to adjust the strength up or down. You may find that you really need detailed vision to do your work and you'll settle for slowing progression with your differentials and do your blur challenge for improvement in your off hours. This is the first place in the program where you really need to start understanding what you're tinkering with and make personalized diopter specific choices.

==Why are differentials worn?==
The primary stimulus for [[axial elongation]] of the eyeball is [[hyperopic defocus]], which occurs when someone:
* Is engaged in close-up activity
* Wears more correction than they need to when seeing the object that is close up.

Differentials allow the wearer to wear ''just what they need to'', to see up close. This removes the stimulus of hyperopic defocus, and stops eyes from getting more myopic. In a sense, it's a [[quick fix]]. {{wink}}

It's fairly easy to stop [[Lens-induced myopia]] from progressing, by just wearing differentials. The axial length of the eye does not randomly change by itself, it only changes in response to [[stimulus]].

== Habits ==
It's useful to apply the [[20-20-20 rule]] when engaging in close up.

== See also ==
* [[Guide:Reducing differentials]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Articles]]

Snellen chart

2021-04-03T15:29:53Z

Viceroy Sam: /* Tools */ Snellen generator chart

{{Infobox diagnostic
| name = Snellen chart
| image = Snellen chart.svg
| alt =
| caption =
| pronounce =
| purpose = Snellen chart is used to estimate visual acuity
| test of =
| based on =
| synonyms =
| reference_range =
| calculator =
| DiseasesDB = 
| ICD10 = 
| ICD9 =
| ICDO =
| MedlinePlus = 
| eMedicine = 
| MeshID =
| OPS301 = 
| LOINC = 
}}
A '''Snellen chart''' is a standard method of measuring [[visual acuity]]. A chart is rated for the distance it should be viewed at, and the lowest line that can be read has a visual acuity result number next to it. The standard distance for Snellen charts is 20 feet or 6 meters. Smaller versions are available for use in smaller indoor spaces. Generally, most myopes can be corrected to the [[20/20]] line unless they have visual acuity problems other than myopia. There is no direct correlation between visual acuity and [[myopia]]. The Snellen chart is the most commonly used way of testing if someone has sufficient corrected visual acuity to drive legally. Your [[optometrist]] will use the Snellen chart as a reference, to see what refraction will allow you to read the lowest on the chart.
{{clear}}
==Definition of the numbers==

The acuity is expressed as the ratio of the distance (usually 20ft or 6m but can be less) to the letter size, expressed as the distance at which the letter subtends an angle of 5 arc-minutes. (Or equivalently, as multiples of the height at which the letter subtends 5 arc-minutes at a distance of 1 unit of distance). 5 arc-minutes just means 5/60 of a degree. So
* 20/20 means 5 arc-minutes at 20 feet
* 20/16 means 4 arc-minutes at 20 feet
* 6/12 means 10 arc-minutes at 6m

The critical gaps that need to be resolved are 1 arc-minute, so that's really what defines the required acuity.

==How to use a Snellen Chart to measure visual acuity==
# Read the documentation that came with your chart to determine what distance it is designed to be viewed at. This is usually 10 feet, 20 feet, 3 m or 6m. It may say right on the chart, on the back, or in the description of the product where you got it.
# Post the chart at eye level
# Make a mark on the floor at the distance the chart is rated for.
# Stand so that your face is above that line.
# Read the lowest line you can see clearly.
# Attempt to read the next line down.
# Have an assistant tell you if you got the letters right or move forward to check. If you got more than half of the letters right on that line, then the ratio marked for that line is your visual acuity.

==How to use a Snellen Chart with refraction==
{{main|Trial lens kit}}

==Tools==
* [https://www.provisu.ch/images/PDF/Snellenchart_en.pdf Printable Snellen Chart 2.8m(9 feet)]
* [https://www.tfpschemes.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2019/08/Snellen-Eyesight-Chart.pdf Printable 3m Snellen Chart]
* [https://www.teachengineering.org/content/cub_/activities/cub_human/cub_human_lesson06_activity1_eyechart.pdf Printable Snellen Eye Chart 6m(20 feet)]
* [https://github.com/mminer237/denim-weasel Snellen chart generator]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Articles]]

Differentials

2021-04-02T14:14:10Z

Viceroy Sam: diffs to differentials

[[File:Microsoft Cloud Event Dublin, upclose with graphs.jpg|thumb|Without ''differentials'', you're on the path to ever increasing prescriptions and will get nowhere with vision improvement :(]]
'''Differentials''', (''close up'', ''computer use'' or ''diffs'') are reduced strength glasses for [[close-up|close up activity]]. They have a lower correction than your [[normalized]] lenses that allows you to see clearly only up to the screen. The difference between [[normalized]] and differential lenses is usually between 1 and 2 [[diopters]].<ref>{{cite jake|https://endmyopia.org/faq-items/what-is-the-differential-prescription/|What is the differential prescription?}}</ref><ref name=ChooseReduction>{{cite jake|https://endmyopia.org/choose-reduced-glasses-prescription-differential-close-friendly-glasses/|How To Choose A Reduced Glasses Prescription (Differential / Close-Up Friendly Glasses)}}</ref>

==Low Myopia==
People with myopia of -2 D and lower do not typically need to wear differentials (because with -2 D your distance till blur should be around 50cm - far enough to see your screen with sufficient clarity).

==First Differentials==
The first differentials are typically 1.5D weaker than your [[Measurement]] for full distance vision. If you have -0.25 to -0.75D of cylinder, you have the option of dropping that and having the sphere only 1.25D weaker.

See [[Lens#How to use Contacts with EM|How to use Contacts with EM]] if you wear contacts.

==Adjusting Differentials==
Ideally your differentials give you a small amount of blur at your daily near work. The nature of your work, the distance to your work, and your [[refractive state]] and [[cylinder]] dependence are all factors in choosing your differentials. The ideal distance for near work is not closer than 50cms. You may get your first differentials and discover you have a headache and you really shouldn't have dropped cylinder. You may find that your work is pretty close or really far and you need to adjust the strength up or down. You may find that you really need detailed vision to do your work and you'll settle for slowing progression with your differentials and do your blur challenge for improvement in your off hours. This is the first place in the program where you really need to start understanding what you're tinkering with and make personalized diopter specific choices.

==Why are differentials worn?==
The primary stimulus for [[axial elongation]] of the eyeball is [[hyperopic defocus]], which occurs when someone:
* Is engaged in close-up activity
* Wears more correction than they need to when seeing the object that is close up.

Differentials allow the wearer to wear ''just what they need to'', to see up close. This removes the stimulus of hyperopic defocus, and stops eyes from getting more myopic. In a sense, it's a [[quick fix]]. {{wink}}

It's fairly easy to stop [[Lens-induced myopia]] from progressing, by just wearing differentials. The axial length of the eye does not randomly change by itself, it only changes in response to [[stimulus]].

== Habits ==
It's useful to apply the [[20-20-20 rule]] when engaging in close up.

== See also ==
* [[Guide:Reducing differentials]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Articles]]

Differentials

2021-04-02T14:08:00Z

Viceroy Sam: 20-20-20 rule

[[File:Microsoft Cloud Event Dublin, upclose with graphs.jpg|thumb|Without ''diffs'', you're on the path to ever increasing prescriptions and will get nowhere with vision improvement :(]]
'''Differentials''', (''close up'', ''computer use'' or ''diffs'') are reduced strength glasses for [[close-up|close up activity]]. They have a lower correction than your [[normalized]] lenses that allows you to see clearly only up to the screen. The difference between [[normalized]] and differential lenses is usually between 1 and 2 [[diopters]].<ref>{{cite jake|https://endmyopia.org/faq-items/what-is-the-differential-prescription/|What is the differential prescription?}}</ref><ref name=ChooseReduction>{{cite jake|https://endmyopia.org/choose-reduced-glasses-prescription-differential-close-friendly-glasses/|How To Choose A Reduced Glasses Prescription (Differential / Close-Up Friendly Glasses)}}</ref>

==Low Myopia==
People with myopia of -2 D and lower do not typically need to wear differentials (because with -2 D your distance till blur should be around 50cm - far enough to see your screen with sufficient clarity).

==First Differentials==
The first differentials are typically 1.5D weaker than your [[Measurement]] for full distance vision. If you have -0.25 to -0.75D of cylinder, you have the option of dropping that and having the sphere only 1.25D weaker.

See [[Lens#How to use Contacts with EM|How to use Contacts with EM]] if you wear contacts.

==Adjusting Differentials==
Ideally your differentials give you a small amount of blur at your daily near work. The nature of your work, the distance to your work, and your [[refractive state]] and [[cylinder]] dependence are all factors in choosing your differentials. The ideal distance for near work is not closer than 50cms. You may get your first differentials and discover you have a headache and you really shouldn't have dropped cylinder. You may find that your work is pretty close or really far and you need to adjust the strength up or down. You may find that you really need detailed vision to do your work and you'll settle for slowing progression with your differentials and do your blur challenge for improvement in your off hours. This is the first place in the program where you really need to start understanding what you're tinkering with and make personalized diopter specific choices.

==Why are differentials worn?==
The primary stimulus for [[axial elongation]] of the eyeball is [[hyperopic defocus]], which occurs when someone:
* Is engaged in close-up activity
* Wears more correction than they need to when seeing the object that is close up.

Differentials allow the wearer to wear ''just what they need to'', to see up close. This removes the stimulus of hyperopic defocus, and stops eyes from getting more myopic. In a sense, it's a [[quick fix]]. {{wink}}

It's fairly easy to stop [[Lens-induced myopia]] from progressing, by just wearing differentials. The axial length of the eye does not randomly change by itself, it only changes in response to [[stimulus]].

== Habits ==
It's useful to apply the [[20-20-20 rule]] when engaging in close up.

== See also ==
* [[Guide:Reducing differentials]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Articles]]

Differentials

2021-04-02T14:03:39Z

Viceroy Sam: options.

[[File:Microsoft Cloud Event Dublin, upclose with graphs.jpg|thumb|Without ''diffs'', you're on the path to ever increasing prescriptions and will get nowhere with vision improvement :(]]
'''Differentials''', (''close up'', ''computer use'' or ''diffs'') are reduced strength glasses for [[close-up|close up activity]]. They have a lower correction than your [[normalized]] lenses that allows you to see clearly only up to the screen. The difference between [[normalized]] and differential lenses is usually between 1 and 2 [[diopters]].<ref>{{cite jake|https://endmyopia.org/faq-items/what-is-the-differential-prescription/|What is the differential prescription?}}</ref><ref name=ChooseReduction>{{cite jake|https://endmyopia.org/choose-reduced-glasses-prescription-differential-close-friendly-glasses/|How To Choose A Reduced Glasses Prescription (Differential / Close-Up Friendly Glasses)}}</ref>

==Low Myopia==
People with myopia of -2 D and lower do not typically need to wear differentials (because with -2 D your distance till blur should be around 50cm - far enough to see your screen with sufficient clarity).

==First Differentials==
The first differentials are typically 1.5D weaker than your [[Measurement]] for full distance vision. If you have -0.25 to -0.75D of cylinder, you have the option of dropping that and having the sphere only 1.25D weaker.

See [[Lens#How to use Contacts with EM|How to use Contacts with EM]] if you wear contacts.

==Adjusting Differentials==
Ideally your differentials give you a small amount of blur at your daily near work. The nature of your work, the distance to your work, and your [[refractive state]] and [[cylinder]] dependence are all factors in choosing your differentials. The ideal distance for near work is not closer than 50cms. You may get your first differentials and discover you have a headache and you really shouldn't have dropped cylinder. You may find that your work is pretty close or really far and you need to adjust the strength up or down. You may find that you really need detailed vision to do your work and you'll settle for slowing progression with your differentials and do your blur challenge for improvement in your off hours. This is the first place in the program where you really need to start understanding what you're tinkering with and make personalized diopter specific choices.

==Why are differentials worn?==
The primary stimulus for [[axial elongation]] of the eyeball is [[hyperopic defocus]], which occurs when someone:
* Is engaged in close-up activity
* Wears more correction than they need to when seeing the object that is close up.

Differentials allow the wearer to wear ''just what they need to'', to see up close. This removes the stimulus of hyperopic defocus, and stops eyes from getting more myopic. In a sense, it's a [[quick fix]]. {{wink}}

It's fairly easy to stop [[Lens-induced myopia]] from progressing, by just wearing differentials. The axial length of the eye does not randomly change by itself, it only changes in response to [[stimulus]].

== See also ==
* [[Guide:Reducing differentials]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Articles]]

Diffs

2021-04-02T14:01:30Z

Viceroy Sam: #REDIRECTDifferentials

#REDIRECT[[Differentials]]

Close up

2021-04-02T14:00:47Z

Viceroy Sam: #REDIRECTDifferentials

#REDIRECT[[Differentials]]

Snellen chart

2021-03-27T20:25:08Z

Viceroy Sam: tidy

Snellen chart

2021-03-27T20:23:46Z

Viceroy Sam: /* Tools */ add chart.

{{Infobox diagnostic
| name = Snellen chart
| image = Snellen chart.svg
| alt =
| caption =
| pronounce =
| purpose = Snellen chart is used to estimate visual acuity
| test of =
| based on =
| synonyms =
| reference_range =
| calculator =
| DiseasesDB = 
| ICD10 = 
| ICD9 =
| ICDO =
| MedlinePlus = 
| eMedicine = 
| MeshID =
| OPS301 = 
| LOINC = 
}}
A '''Snellen chart''' is a standard method of measuring [[visual acuity]]. A chart is rated for the distance it should be viewed at, and the lowest line that can be read has a visual acuity result number next to it. The standard distance for Snellen charts is 20 feet or 6 meters. Smaller versions are available for use in smaller indoor spaces. Generally, most myopes can be corrected to the [[20/20]] line unless they have visual acuity problems other than myopia. There is no direct correlation between visual acuity and [[myopia]]. The Snellen chart is the most commonly used way of testing if someone has sufficient corrected visual acuity to drive legally. Your [[optometrist]] will use the Snellen chart as a reference, to see what refraction will allow you to read the lowest on the chart.
{{clear}}
==Definition of the numbers==

The acuity is expressed as the ratio of the distance (usually 20ft or 6m but can be less) to the letter size, expressed as the distance at which the letter subtends an angle of 5 arc-minutes. (Or equivalently, as multiples of the height at which the letter subtends 5 arc-minutes at a distance of 1 unit of distance). 5 arc-minutes just means 5/60 of a degree. So
* 20/20 means 5 arc-minutes at 20 feet
* 20/16 means 4 arc-minutes at 20 feet
* 6/12 means 10 arc-minutes at 6m

The critical gaps that need to be resolved are 1 arc-minute, so that's really what defines the required acuity.

==How to use a Snellen Chart to measure visual acuity==
# Read the documentation that came with your chart to determine what distance it is designed to be viewed at. This is usually 10 feet, 20 feet, 3 m or 6m. It may say right on the chart, on the back, or in the description of the product where you got it.
# Post the chart at eye level
# Make a mark on the floor at the distance the chart is rated for.
# Stand so that your face is above that line.
# Read the lowest line you can see clearly.
# Attempt to read the next line down.
# Have an assistant tell you if you got the letters right or move forward to check. If you got more than half of the letters right on that line, then the ratio marked for that line is your visual acuity.

==How to use a Snellen Chart with refraction==
{{main|Trial lens kit}}

==Tools==
===
*[https://www.provisu.ch/images/PDF/Snellenchart_en.pdf Printable Snellen Chart 2.8m(9 feet)]
* [https://www.tfpschemes.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2019/08/Snellen-Eyesight-Chart.pdf Printable 3m Snellen Chart]
*[https://www.teachengineering.org/content/cub_/activities/cub_human/cub_human_lesson06_activity1_eyechart.pdf Printable Snellen Eye Chart 6m(20 feet)]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Articles]]

Snellen chart

2021-03-27T16:52:35Z

Viceroy Sam: /* Tools */ 20 feet is 6m

{{Infobox diagnostic
| name = Snellen chart
| image = Snellen chart.svg
| alt =
| caption =
| pronounce =
| purpose = Snellen chart is used to estimate visual acuity
| test of =
| based on =
| synonyms =
| reference_range =
| calculator =
| DiseasesDB = 
| ICD10 = 
| ICD9 =
| ICDO =
| MedlinePlus = 
| eMedicine = 
| MeshID =
| OPS301 = 
| LOINC = 
}}
A '''Snellen chart''' is a standard method of measuring [[visual acuity]]. A chart is rated for the distance it should be viewed at, and the lowest line that can be read has a visual acuity result number next to it. The standard distance for Snellen charts is 20 feet or 6 meters. Smaller versions are available for use in smaller indoor spaces. Generally, most myopes can be corrected to the [[20/20]] line unless they have visual acuity problems other than myopia. There is no direct correlation between visual acuity and [[myopia]]. The Snellen chart is the most commonly used way of testing if someone has sufficient corrected visual acuity to drive legally. Your [[optometrist]] will use the Snellen chart as a reference, to see what refraction will allow you to read the lowest on the chart.
{{clear}}
==Definition of the numbers==

The acuity is expressed as the ratio of the distance (usually 20ft or 6m but can be less) to the letter size, expressed as the distance at which the letter subtends an angle of 5 arc-minutes. (Or equivalently, as multiples of the height at which the letter subtends 5 arc-minutes at a distance of 1 unit of distance). 5 arc-minutes just means 5/60 of a degree. So
* 20/20 means 5 arc-minutes at 20 feet
* 20/16 means 4 arc-minutes at 20 feet
* 6/12 means 10 arc-minutes at 6m

The critical gaps that need to be resolved are 1 arc-minute, so that's really what defines the required acuity.

==How to use a Snellen Chart to measure visual acuity==
# Read the documentation that came with your chart to determine what distance it is designed to be viewed at. This is usually 10 feet, 20 feet, 3 m or 6m. It may say right on the chart, on the back, or in the description of the product where you got it.
# Post the chart at eye level
# Make a mark on the floor at the distance the chart is rated for.
# Stand so that your face is above that line.
# Read the lowest line you can see clearly.
# Attempt to read the next line down.
# Have an assistant tell you if you got the letters right or move forward to check. If you got more than half of the letters right on that line, then the ratio marked for that line is your visual acuity.

==How to use a Snellen Chart with refraction==
{{main|Trial lens kit}}

==Tools==
*[https://www.provisu.ch/images/PDF/Snellenchart_en.pdf Printable Snellen Chart 2.8m(9 feet)]
*[https://www.teachengineering.org/content/cub_/activities/cub_human/cub_human_lesson06_activity1_eyechart.pdf Printable Snellen Eye Chart 6m(20 feet)]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Articles]]

Snellen chart

2021-03-27T16:49:26Z

Viceroy Sam: image para

{{Infobox diagnostic
| name = Snellen chart
| image = Snellen chart.svg
| alt =
| caption =
| pronounce =
| purpose = Snellen chart is used to estimate visual acuity
| test of =
| based on =
| synonyms =
| reference_range =
| calculator =
| DiseasesDB = 
| ICD10 = 
| ICD9 =
| ICDO =
| MedlinePlus = 
| eMedicine = 
| MeshID =
| OPS301 = 
| LOINC = 
}}
A '''Snellen chart''' is a standard method of measuring [[visual acuity]]. A chart is rated for the distance it should be viewed at, and the lowest line that can be read has a visual acuity result number next to it. The standard distance for Snellen charts is 20 feet or 6 meters. Smaller versions are available for use in smaller indoor spaces. Generally, most myopes can be corrected to the [[20/20]] line unless they have visual acuity problems other than myopia. There is no direct correlation between visual acuity and [[myopia]]. The Snellen chart is the most commonly used way of testing if someone has sufficient corrected visual acuity to drive legally. Your [[optometrist]] will use the Snellen chart as a reference, to see what refraction will allow you to read the lowest on the chart.
{{clear}}
==Definition of the numbers==

The acuity is expressed as the ratio of the distance (usually 20ft or 6m but can be less) to the letter size, expressed as the distance at which the letter subtends an angle of 5 arc-minutes. (Or equivalently, as multiples of the height at which the letter subtends 5 arc-minutes at a distance of 1 unit of distance). 5 arc-minutes just means 5/60 of a degree. So
* 20/20 means 5 arc-minutes at 20 feet
* 20/16 means 4 arc-minutes at 20 feet
* 6/12 means 10 arc-minutes at 6m

The critical gaps that need to be resolved are 1 arc-minute, so that's really what defines the required acuity.

==How to use a Snellen Chart to measure visual acuity==
# Read the documentation that came with your chart to determine what distance it is designed to be viewed at. This is usually 10 feet, 20 feet, 3 m or 6m. It may say right on the chart, on the back, or in the description of the product where you got it.
# Post the chart at eye level
# Make a mark on the floor at the distance the chart is rated for.
# Stand so that your face is above that line.
# Read the lowest line you can see clearly.
# Attempt to read the next line down.
# Have an assistant tell you if you got the letters right or move forward to check. If you got more than half of the letters right on that line, then the ratio marked for that line is your visual acuity.

==How to use a Snellen Chart with refraction==
{{main|Trial lens kit}}

==Tools==
*[https://www.provisu.ch/images/PDF/Snellenchart_en.pdf Printable Snellen Chart 2.8m(9 feet)]
*[https://www.teachengineering.org/content/cub_/activities/cub_human/cub_human_lesson06_activity1_eyechart.pdf Printable Snellen Eye Chart (20 feet)]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Articles]]

Snellen chart

2021-03-27T16:48:48Z

Viceroy Sam: file to image

{{Infobox diagnostic
| name = Snellen chart
| image = [[image:Snellen chart.svg|300px]]
| alt =
| caption =
| pronounce =
| purpose = Snellen chart is used to estimate visual acuity
| test of =
| based on =
| synonyms =
| reference_range =
| calculator =
| DiseasesDB = 
| ICD10 = 
| ICD9 =
| ICDO =
| MedlinePlus = 
| eMedicine = 
| MeshID =
| OPS301 = 
| LOINC = 
}}
A '''Snellen chart''' is a standard method of measuring [[visual acuity]]. A chart is rated for the distance it should be viewed at, and the lowest line that can be read has a visual acuity result number next to it. The standard distance for Snellen charts is 20 feet or 6 meters. Smaller versions are available for use in smaller indoor spaces. Generally, most myopes can be corrected to the [[20/20]] line unless they have visual acuity problems other than myopia. There is no direct correlation between visual acuity and [[myopia]]. The Snellen chart is the most commonly used way of testing if someone has sufficient corrected visual acuity to drive legally. Your [[optometrist]] will use the Snellen chart as a reference, to see what refraction will allow you to read the lowest on the chart.
{{clear}}
==Definition of the numbers==

The acuity is expressed as the ratio of the distance (usually 20ft or 6m but can be less) to the letter size, expressed as the distance at which the letter subtends an angle of 5 arc-minutes. (Or equivalently, as multiples of the height at which the letter subtends 5 arc-minutes at a distance of 1 unit of distance). 5 arc-minutes just means 5/60 of a degree. So
* 20/20 means 5 arc-minutes at 20 feet
* 20/16 means 4 arc-minutes at 20 feet
* 6/12 means 10 arc-minutes at 6m

The critical gaps that need to be resolved are 1 arc-minute, so that's really what defines the required acuity.

==How to use a Snellen Chart to measure visual acuity==
# Read the documentation that came with your chart to determine what distance it is designed to be viewed at. This is usually 10 feet, 20 feet, 3 m or 6m. It may say right on the chart, on the back, or in the description of the product where you got it.
# Post the chart at eye level
# Make a mark on the floor at the distance the chart is rated for.
# Stand so that your face is above that line.
# Read the lowest line you can see clearly.
# Attempt to read the next line down.
# Have an assistant tell you if you got the letters right or move forward to check. If you got more than half of the letters right on that line, then the ratio marked for that line is your visual acuity.

==How to use a Snellen Chart with refraction==
{{main|Trial lens kit}}

==Tools==
*[https://www.provisu.ch/images/PDF/Snellenchart_en.pdf Printable Snellen Chart 2.8m(9 feet)]
*[https://www.teachengineering.org/content/cub_/activities/cub_human/cub_human_lesson06_activity1_eyechart.pdf Printable Snellen Eye Chart (20 feet)]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Articles]]

Eye chart

2021-03-27T16:46:02Z

Viceroy Sam: #REDIRECT Snellen chart

#REDIRECT [[Snellen chart]]