User:Divenal

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I have a background in physics, which carries with it the danger of over-simplying models to make them tractable. (See wikipedia:Spherical cow). All this messy biology stuff really gets in the way of a nice story.

I would like to think that I'm reasonably capable of expressing technical details succinctly (eventually). However, since I'm brand new to EM, I'm not quite au fait with the details (and orthodoxy) that is being described in the wiki. Hence my conflict between boldness and timidity in editing pages.

This seems like a good place to collect interesting papers that I don't want to lose references to...

Use http://sumsearch.org/cite/ to generate citations.

review paper on the growth mechanism

Wallman J, Winawer J (2004). "Homeostasis of eye growth and the question of myopia". Neuron. 43 (4): 447–68. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.08.008. PMID 15312645.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.

A review paper:

As with other organs, the eye's growth is regulated by homeostatic control mechanisms. Unlike other organs, the eye relies on vision as a principal input  to guide growth. In this review, we consider several implications of this visual guidance. First, we compare the regulation of eye growth to that of other organs. Second, we ask how the visual system derives signals that distinguish the blur of an eye too large from one too small. Third, we ask what cascade of chemical signals constitutes this growth control system. Finally, if the match between the length and optics of the eye is under homeostatic control, why do children so commonly develop myopia, and why does the myopia not limit itself? Long-neglected studies may provide an answer to this last question.

Accommodation causes elongation ?

Read SA, Collins MJ, Woodman EC, Cheong SH (2010). "Axial length changes during accommodation in myopes and emmetropes". Optom Vis Sci. 87 (9): 656–62. doi:10.1097/OPX.0b013e3181e87dd3. PMID 20562668.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.

To investigate the influence of accommodation on axial length (AXL) and a comprehensive range of ocular biometric parameters) in populations of young adult myopic and emmetropic subjects.

Mallen EA, Kashyap P, Hampson KM (2006). "Transient Axial Length Change during the Accommodation Response in Young Adults". Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 47 (3): 1251–4. doi:10.1167/iovs.05-1086. PMID 16505066.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.


Also (don't have a doi for this one): https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2123153

  • The first 4 references are for other studies which link near work and accommodation to myopia

But maybe it's convergence, not accommodation

Bayramlar H, Cekiç O, Hepşen IF (1999). "Does convergence, not accommodation, cause axial-length elongation at near? A biometric study in teens". Ophthalmic Res. 31 (4): 304–8. doi:10.1159/000055551. PMID 10325546.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.

Myopic defocus is most effective in the evening ?

A really interesting result that watching TV in the evening with undercorrection will magically cure myopia ??!!??

Moderiano D, Do M, Hobbs S, Lam V, Sarin S, Alonso-Caneiro D; et al. (2019). "Influence of the time of day on axial length and choroidal thickness changes to hyperopic and myopic defocus in human eyes". Exp Eye Res. 182: 125–136. doi:10.1016/j.exer.2019.03.019. PMID 30926510.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.

Highlights

  • Ocular response to defocus varies depending on the time of day in human subjects.
  • Evening exposure to myopic defocus causes a larger reduction in axial length.

Also Nickla DL, Jordan K, Yang J, Totonelly K (2017). "Brief hyperopic defocus or form deprivation have varying effects on eye growth and ocular rhythms depending on the time-of-day of exposure". Exp Eye Res. 161: 132–142. doi:10.1016/j.exer.2017.06.003. PMC 5557081. PMID 28596085.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.

It is generally accepted that myopic defocus is a more potent signal to the emmetropization system than hyperopic defocus: one hour per day of myopic defocus cancels out 11 h of hyperopic defocus.


Chakraborty R, Read SA, Collins MJ (2012). "Monocular myopic defocus and daily changes in axial length and choroidal thickness of human eyes". Exp Eye Res. 103: 47–54. doi:10.1016/j.exer.2012.08.002. PMID 22971342.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.


Nickla DL, Thai P, Zanzerkia Trahan R, Totonelly K (2017). "Myopic defocus in the evening is more effective at inhibiting eye growth than defocus in the morning: Effects on rhythms in axial length and choroid thickness in chicks". Exp Eye Res. 154: 104–115. doi:10.1016/j.exer.2016.11.012. PMC 5359047. PMID 27845062.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.

hyperopic defocus (human)

Read SA, Collins MJ, Sander BP (2010). "Human optical axial length and defocus". Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 51 (12): 6262–9. doi:10.1167/iovs.10-5457. PMID 20592235.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.

This is the one Jake cites on https://endmyopia.org/science-confirms-human-eye-axial-length-change-lens-use/  It's monocular, where the other eye is required to look into the distance in order to inhibit accommodation.

Delshad S, Collins MJ, Read SA, Vincent SJ (2020). "The time course of the onset and recovery of axial length changes in response to imposed defocus". Sci Rep. 10 (1): 8322. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-65151-5. PMC 7239843. PMID 32433541.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.

This is the nice one with the maltese cross

Nearwork-induced transient myopia

so many to choose from...

Ciuffreda KJ, Vasudevan B (2008). "Nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) and permanent myopia--is there a link?". Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 28 (2): 103–14. doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2008.00550.x. PMID 18339041.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.

 Myopia is a worldwide public health problem. However, its understanding is incomplete, and many of its preventative and therapeutic aspects remain controversial. Nearwork is a primary, environmentally based factor in the aetiology of permanent myopia (PM), with nearwork‐induced transient myopia (NITM) being a possible contributory component. A relationship between PM and NITM has been suggested, but that connection has remained somewhat indirect and elusive. However, based on recent converging evidence from clinical, laboratory and modelling studies, a five‐fold argument will be advanced for a possible link between PM and NITM.
It is well‐established that nearwork is a primary, environmentally based factor in the development and progression of myopia...